| 词条 | Cuarteron Reef |
| 释义 |
|South China Sea |mark=Blue pog.svg |lat_deg=8|lat_min=51|lat_sec =50 |lon_deg=112|lon_min=49|lon_sec =40 |caption=Location of Cuarteron Reef |position=right |width=200 |float=right }}Cuarteron Reef (Huayang Jiao 华阳礁 in Chinese; Calderon Reef in Filipino; Terumbu Calderon in Malay; Bái Châu Viên in Vietnamese) is a reef at the east end of the London Reefs in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea. It is occupied and controlled by China (PRC) as part of Sansha, and also claimed by the Philippines (as part of Kalayaan, Palawan) and Taiwan (ROC). The reef is {{convert|3|nmi}} long and has an area of {{convert|8|sqkm}} ({{convert|800|ha}}).[1] Geographical featuresOn 12 July 2016, the tribunal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration concluded that Cuarteron Reef contains, within the meaning of Article 121(1) of the Convention, naturally formed areas of land, surrounded by water, which are above water at high tide. However, for purposes of Article 121(3) of the Convention, the high-tide features at Cuarteron Reef is rocks that cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own and accordingly shall be entitled to 12nm of territorial sea measured from its baseline but have no exclusive economic zone or continental shelf. [2] Chinese construction projectsPrior to 2016, Carteron reef had a supply platform and a reef fortress. In 2015 the Philippine government released what it claimed were photos of a six-story facility being built by the Chinese government on the reef.[3] Also in 2015, China completed the construction of a {{convert|50|metre}} high[4] lighthouse on the reef.[5][6] By late 2015, China had expanded the reef's usable area to {{convert|23|ha}},[7] reportedly including in the process two helicopter pads, and possibly gun, radar and missile emplacements.[8] As of 2016, China was reportedly building a high-power radar installation on the reef.[9] In late 2016, photographs emerged which suggested that Cuarteron Reef has been armed with anti-aircraft weapons and a CIWS missile-defence system.[10][11] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author1=D. J. Hancox|author2=John Robert Victor Prescott|title=A Geographical Description of the Spratly Islands and an Account of Hydrographic Surveys Amongst Those Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Qu9fi-luTYC&pg=PA14|year=1995|publisher=IBRU|isbn=978-1-897643-18-1|pages=14–}} {{coord|8|51|50|N|112|49|40|E|display=title}}{{Spratly Islands topics}}{{South China Sea}}{{Asia-geo-stub}}2. ^{{cite web |title=Award |work=PCA Case No 2013-19 |date=12 July 2016 |publisher=Permanent Court of Arbitration |url=https://pca-cpa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/175/2016/07/PH-CN-20160712-Award.pdf}} p.259 3. ^{{cite web|title=China expands construction work on reefs in dispute with the Philippines|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/asia/china/AJ201503190079|website=The Asahi Shimbun|accessdate=23 February 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Lin|first1=Ting-Hui|title=China’s Lighthouses in the Spratlys|url=http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/chinas-lighthouses-in-the-spratlys/|website=The Diplomat|accessdate=23 February 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=South China Sea: China completes construction of lighthouses on artificial island on Cuarteron Reef|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-10/china-completes-construction-of-lighthouses-in-south-china-sea/6843962|website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=22 February 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=China ups the ante with lighthouses in S China Sea|url=http://www.todayonline.com/world/china-ups-ante-lighthouses-s-china-sea|website=Today|accessdate=23 February 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://amti.csis.org/cuarteron-reef-tracker/ |title=Cuarteron reef tracker |publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies |accessdate=2016-03-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124645/http://amti.csis.org/cuarteron-reef-tracker/ |archivedate=2016-03-04|df=}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Page|first1=Jeremy|last2=Lubold|first2=Gordon|title=U.S. Bomber Flies Over Waters Claimed by China|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-jet-flies-over-waters-claimed-by-china-1450466358|website=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=23 February 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=Denyer|first1=Simon|title=Satellite images show China may be building powerful radar on disputed islands|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/02/22/satellite-images-show-china-may-be-building-powerful-radar-on-disputed-islands/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories_wv-satellite-1247pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory|website=The Washington Post|accessdate=22 February 2016|date=22 February 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://amti.csis.org/chinas-new-spratly-island-defenses/|title=China’s New Spratly Island Defenses|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies|date=2016-12-13|accessdate=2016-12-17}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://amti.csis.org/cuarteron-reef/ |title=Cuarteron reef |publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies |accessdate=2018-05-14 |date= October 2017}} 2 : Reefs of the Spratly Islands|London Reefs |
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