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词条 Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan
释义

  1. Activities and foreign relations

     Arms control and non-proliferation 

  2. Land Forces

     Organisation  List of Formations  Army Headquarters (Tashkent)  Regular Army  Exercises 

  3. Current equipment

  4. Air Forces

     List of units 

  5. Current air force equipment

  6. Border Guard

  7. Special Forces

  8. Military Academies

  9. References

  10. Further reading

  11. External links

{{Infobox national military
| country={{flag|Uzbekistan}}
| name=Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan
| native_name=Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Qurolli Kuchlari
| image=
| caption=Standard of the Armed Forces (Cyrillic)
| image2 =
| caption2 = Standard of the Armed Forces (Latin)
| image3 =
| caption3 = Standard of the Armed Forces (Cyrillic)
| founded={{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1992|01|14}}
| current_form=
| branches={{nowrap|Uzbek Ground Forces
Uzbek Air and Air Defence Forces
Uzbek Naval Forces
Uzbek Frontier Service
Uzbek National Guard}}
| headquarters= Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| commander-in-chief= Shavkat Mirziyoyev
| commander-in-chief_title=President of Uzbekistan
| chief minister = Bakhodir Kurbanov
| chief minister_title= Minister of Defense
| minister = {{Flagicon image|Uzbek militsiya.jpg|size=23px}} Major General Pulat Bobojonov
| minister_title = Minister of Internal Affairs
| commander= Major General Pavel Ergashev
| commander_title=Chief of the General Staff
| age=
| conscription=18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months
| manpower_data=2005 est.
| manpower_age=18-49
| available=6,340,220
| available_f=6,432,072
| fit=4,609,621
| fit_f=5,383,233
| reaching=324,722
| reaching_f=317,062
| active=65,000[1]
| ranked=
| reserve=
| deployed=
| amount=
| percent_GDP=2% (2005 est.) Another reported figure is 3.7%
| domestic_suppliers=
| foreign_suppliers={{RUS}}
{{KAZ}}
{{GRE}}
{{IRN}}
{{TUR}}
{{USA}}
{{ISR}}
{{ARM}}
{{BLR}}
{{CHN}}
{{BUL}}
{{ROU}}
{{VEN}}
{{SRB}}
{{PAK}}
{{IND}}
{{FRA}}
{{KOR}}
{{UKR}}
{{CZE}}
| imports=
| exports=
| history=
| ranks=Rank insignia
}}

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan ({{lang-uz|Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Qurolli Kuchlari}}), is the name of the unified armed forces of Uzbekistan, consisting of a Ground force, Air and Air Defense forces, National guard [2] a Frontier service.[3] and a Navy. It is reported to be the largest, and the strongest in Central Asia.[4]

Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, used to be the headquarters of the Soviet Turkestan Military District and on 20 February 1992, the new Ministry of Defence Affairs took over the offices which had been formerly occupied by the district headquarters staff.[5] On 2 July 1992 a Presidential Decree established a Ministry of Defence to supersede the Ministry of Defence Affairs. Over the succeeding years, Uzbekistan replaced Russian officers with ethnic Uzbeks and restructured the military to focus on targets like civil unrest, drug trafficking, and Hizb-ut-Tahrir.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}}

Uzbekistan and Russia signed a mutual defence pact in 2005, that will also result in closer military cooperation. This marked a stark contrast to a few years earlier, when the US appeared to be Uzbekistan's favoured foreign friend, and relations with Russia were cooler.[6]

'The country [has] also began professionalizing its military, an effort that has only limited success and erratic government support. But even in Uzbekistan, these changes represent merely a modest beginning and most of the benefits are concentrated in a few elite, higher readiness formations rather than uniformly applied to the entire force. The Uzbek military is woefully inadequate, but it is far superior to its neighbours.'[7] Uzbekistani military, by far, is alongside Kazakhstan, are both wealthy and quickly developed arms.

The government maintains a command and staff college for the military in Tashkent, based on the former Soviet TVOKU higher command college.

Activities and foreign relations

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the United States leased the Karshi-Khanabad airbase in southern Uzbekistan, which borders Afghanistan. The American base there was called "Camp Stronghold Freedom," yet was more often referred to as "K2 Airbase" by the personnel in theater.

In May 2005, the military was involved in suppressing unrest in the Ferghana Valley city of Andijan, which became known as the Andijan massacre. Consequently, the EU banned arms sales and imposed a one-year visa ban on 12 senior officials, including the security chief and interior and defence ministers, accusing them of bearing responsibility for the killings.[8]

In the aftermath of the incident, President Karimov dismissed several senior military figures: Defense Minister Kadyr Gulyamov, Head of the Joint Headquarters of the Armed Forces Ismail

Ergashev, and Commander of the Eastern military district Kosimali Akhmedov. Burnashev and Chernykh said that '..although these dismissals did not change the formal system of administration in the security and military structures, they reflected serious shifts in power relations among regional elites representing their clans.'[9]

A joint statement of the member countries of the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation issued in early July, 2005 on a conference in Astana (Kazakhstan) called for a withdrawal of US troops from military bases in Central Asia. On July 29, 2005, Uzbekistan invoked a provision asking the U.S. to leave within 180 days. On November 21, 2005, the withdrawal of US troops from Karshi-Khanabad and any other bases was completed.[10]

The European Union lifted the arms sales ban in 2009.

Arms control and non-proliferation

The government has accepted the arms control obligations of the former Soviet Union, and acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear state. It has also supported an active program by the U.S. Department of Defense Defense Threat Reduction Agency in western Uzbekistan (Nukus and the biological warfare test laboratory on Vozrozhdeniye Island).

Land Forces

{{main|Uzbekistan Ground Forces}}

Organisation

The army includes five military districts, the Northwest at Nukus, the Southwest Special Military District at Karshi, the Central Military District at Dzhizak, and the Eastern Military District at Ferghana hui. In 2001, the Tashkent garrison was transformed into the Tashkent Military District.[11]

The headquarters of the military districts and their areas of responsibility are confirmed.

DistrictHeadquarters LocationNotes
Northwest Military District HQ Nukus Karakalpakstan, Xorazm Province
Southwest Special Military District HQ Karshi Qashqadaryo Province, Surxondaryo Province, Bukhara Province, Navoiy Province
Central Military District HQ Dzhizak Dzhizak Province, Samarqand Province, Sirdaryo Province
Eastern Military District (EMD) Ferghana Fergana Province, Andijan Province, Namangan Province
Tashkent Military District HQ Tashkent Tashkent Province, Established 2001
[12]

List of Formations

Army Headquarters (Tashkent)

  • General Staff of the Armed Forces
  • Honor Guard Battalion of the Tashkent Military District
  • Engineering Brigade
  • Special Forces Battalion

Regular Army

  • Training Regiment (Chirchik)
  • 387th Airborne Training Regiment[13]
  • 17th Air Assault Brigade at (Fergana)[12] - 5000 soldiers
  • 1st Motor Rifle Brigade (Chirchik)
  • 2nd Motor Rifle Brigade (Samarqand)
  • 3rd Motor Rifle Brigade (Termez)
  • 25th Motor Rifle Brigade (Karshi)
  • 37th Motor Rifle Brigade (Andijan)[14]
  • Tank Regiment (Ahangaran)

Exercises

From August to September 1997, Uzbekistan took part in the exercises of the Central Asian Battalion (CENTRASBAT) in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. as part of an eight nation joint exercise which inude the United States, Russia and Ukraine.[15][16][17]

Uzbek troops participated in Partnership for Peace Exercise Cooperative Osprey '96 at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, hosted by the United States Marine Corps. They then participated as well in Exercise Cooperative Osprey '98.

In September 2004, the (then) Royal Welsh Regiment (now 3rd Bn The Royal Welsh) of the British Army participated with the Uzbek Army Peacekeeping Battalion in "Exercise Timurlane Express" in the Farish Mountain Training Area.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} This was a 3-week NATO sponsored Partnership for Peace training exercise.

Current equipment

Reportedly, Uzbek armed forces' small arms include the AK-47, AK-74, Dragunov sniper rifle, Makarov PM pistol, and PK.

Current equipment
NamePhotoOriginTypeQuantity
Tanks
T-72 {{Flag|USSR}} Main battle tank 70[18]
T-64 {{Flag|USSR}} Main battle tank 100[18]
T-62 {{Flag|USSR}} Main battle tank 170[18]
T-54 {{Flag|USSR}} Main battle tank 80[18]
Infantry Fighting Vehicles
BMP-1 {{Flag|USSR}} Infantry fighting vehicle 180[18]
BMP-2 {{Flag|USSR}} Infantry fighting vehicle 270[18]
BMD-1 {{Flag|USSR}} Infantry fighting vehicle 120[18]
BMD-2 {{Flag|Russia}} Infantry fighting vehicle 9[18]
M-ATV {{Flag|United States}} Infantry fighting vehicle 308[19][20]
Personnel carriers
BTR-60 {{Flag|USSR}} Armoured personnel carrier 24[18]
BTR-70 {{Flag|USSR}} Armoured personnel carrier 25[18]
BTR-80 {{Flag|USSR}} Armoured personnel carrier 210[18]
BTR-D {{Flag|USSR}} Armoured personnel carrier 50[18]
BRM-1K {{Flag|USSR}} Armoured personnel carrier 6[18]
BRDM-2 {{Flag|USSR}} Armoured personnel carrier 13[18]
Rocket artillery
BM-21 Grad {{Flag|USSR}} 122mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 50[18]
BM-27 Uragan {{Flag|USSR}} 220mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 48[18]
Tactical ballistic missile systems
Tochka {{Flag|USSR}} Tactical ballistic missile 5[18]
HQ-9 {{Flag|China}} surface-to-air missile 1[21]
Self-propelled artillery
2S1 Gvozdika {{Flag|USSR}} 122mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 18[18]
2S9 Nona {{Flag|USSR}} Self-Propelled 120 mm Mortar 54[18]
2S5 Giatsint-S {{Flag|USSR}} 152mm Self-Propelled Howitze 17[18]
2S7 Pion {{Flag|USSR}} 203mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 48[18]

Air Forces

{{main|Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces}}

The Uzbek air forces consist of units formerly part of the 49th Air Army of the Turkestan Military District headquartered at Tashkent. There are two remaining combat units, brigades at Karshi-Khanabad and Dzhizak.[12]

The 60th Separate Brigade is the former 735th Bomber Aviation Regiment combined with the former 87th Separate Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment.[22] It has 31 Su-24s, 32 MiG-29s, and 6 Su-27s. Other recently disbanded units include the 61st Fighter Aviation Regiment at Kakaydy, which was itself a merger with the previous 115th Fighter Aviation Regiment, and the 62nd Fighter Aviation Regiment at Andijan. Regiments at both bases were disbanded in 1999. As many as 26 stored Su-17s, apparently in very bad condition, remain at Chirchiq (see Google Earth 41°30'05.69"N 69°33'44.90"E).

List of units

  • 60th Separate Mixed Aviation Brigade (Karshi-Khanabad)(60 BAP), Su-24/Su-24MR, Su-27- (31 Su-24, 32 MiG-29, 6 Su-27, 1200 personnel.)
  • Separate Mixed Aviation Brigade, Dzhizak, Su-25 - (Su-25, L-39, Mi-8, Mi-24)
  • Separate Mixed Aviation Regiment, Fergana, Аn-12, 12РР, 26, 26РР
  • Separate Mixed Aviation Squadron, Tashkent, Аn-24, Тu-134
  • 65th Separate Helicopter Regiment Kagan, Bukhara Mi-6,8. According to the IISS Military Balance 2002- 28 Mi-6, 29 Mi-8. Former 396th Separate Helicopter Regiment, Southern Group of Forces
  • 66th Separate Helicopter Regiment, Chirchiq, Mi-8/24/26 helicopters. The IISS Military Balance 2002 listed Uzbekistan with 42 Mi-24, 29 Mi-8,1 Mi-26
  • 12th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade
  • Radio-Technical Brigade

Current air force equipment

AircraftOriginTypeVersionsIn serviceNotes
Sukhoi Su-27Soviet Union}} Multi role fighter 25
Sukhoi Su-24Soviet Union}} Long-range bomber 32 Stored
Mikoyan MiG-29Soviet Union}} Multi role fighter 60[23]
Sukhoi Su-17Soviet Union}} Ground attack 38Stored
Sukhoi Su-25Soviet Union}} Ground attack 25Active
Aero L-39 AlbatrosCzech}} Czech Republic Light attack/ trainer 14
Ilyushin Il-76Soviet Union}} Heavy transport 6
An-12Soviet Union}} Medium transport 5
An-24Soviet Union}} Medium transport 1
An-26Soviet Union}} Medium transport 15
Boeing 767-300United States}} VIP Transport 1 UK-67000, governmental plane
Mi-8 Hip/Mi-17 HipSoviet Union}} Medium transport helicopter64
Mil Mi-6Soviet Union}} Heavy transport helicopter27
Mil Mi-26Soviet Union}} Heavy transport helicopter1

Border Guard

{{main|Uzbekistan Frontier Service}}

The Frontier Service, also called the Committee for State Border Protection of the National Security Service, is the border guard of Uzbekistan. They have gotten into disagreements with the Kyrgyz Frontier Force in the Batken Region.[24] The Frontier Service also operates the riverine naval assets of Uzbekistan, which include two Gyurza class gunboats.[25]

Special Forces

The military, NSS, and MIA maintain several spetsnaz battalions, including Scorpion Group, Bars GBars, and Alpha Group. They are commonly used against Islamic terrorists in the border regions near Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.[26]

Military Academies

  • Academy of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan (formerly the Tashkent Higher All-Arms Command School)
  • Tashkent Higher Tank Command School
  • Samarkand Higher Military Automobile Command School
  • Higher Military Customs Institute
  • Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Uzbekistan
  • Military-Technical Institute of the National Guard of Uzbekistan
  • Military Medical Faculty at the Tashkent Medical Academy[27]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/centralasia/uzbek-policy.htm|title=Uzbekistan - Security Policy|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/centralasia/uzbek-army.htm|title=Uzbekistan- Army|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.today.az/news/politics/55062.html|title=Today.Az » Politics » Uzbekistan would prefer to be policeman of Central Asia: expert|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2014}}
5. ^Richard Woff, 'Independence and the Uzbek Armed Forces,' Jane's Intelligence Review, December 1993, p.567
6. ^BBC,  
7. ^McDermott, JSMS, 2002, p.30
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1295881.stm|title=BBC|work=BBC News|accessdate=23 October 2014}}
9. ^Rustam Burnashev and Irina Chernykh, Changes in Uzbekistan's Military Policy After the Andijan Events {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326021014/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/CEF/Quarterly/February_2007/Burnashev_Chernykh.pdf |date=2009-03-26 }}, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Volume 5, No. 1 (2007), Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program, {{ISSN|1653-4212}}, p. 72
10. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5429874,00.html US Completes Withdrawal From Uzbek Base]
11. ^Bakhtiyar Kamilov, Formation of Conceptual Approaches to the Problems of Ensuring National Security in Central Asian States - Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan
12. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www8.brinkster.com/vad777/sng/uzbekistan.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-09-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018112845/http://brinkster.com/vad777/sng/uzbekistan.htm |archivedate=2007-10-18 |df= }}, accessed late September 2007 and June 2010
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/CEF/Quarterly/February_2007/Burnashev_Chernykh.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-03-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326021014/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/CEF/Quarterly/February_2007/Burnashev_Chernykh.pdf |archivedate=2009-03-26 |df= }}
14. ^Press-service of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Islam Karimov: no one can turn us from our chosen path {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120910101033/http://www.press-service.uz/en/content.scm?contentId=8908 |date=2012-09-10 }}
15. ^https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/centrasbat.htm
16. ^https://www.upi.com/Archives/1997/09/14/CENTRAZBAT-97-set-to-get-underway/2357874209600/
17. ^https://www.rferl.org/amp/1086503.html
18. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 [↑ The International Institute For Strategic Studies IISS The Military Balance 2010. — Nuffield Press, 2010. — С. 373. — {{ISBN|978-1-85743-557-3}}.]
19. ^[https://www.iiss.org/en/publications/military%20balance/issues/the-military-balance-2016-d6c9] the-military-balance-2016 —
20. ^Пентагон завершит поставки Узбекистану бронетехники в ближайшее время {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719064331/http://www.12news.uz/news/2015/06/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82 |date=2015-07-19 }} — 12news.uz, 15.06.2015
21. ^  thediplomat.com
22. ^For 735th Bomber Aviation Regiment, see Michael Holm,  , and for 87th Separate Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment, see  
23. ^"World Military Aircraft Inventory". 2011 Aerospace: Aviation Week and Space Technology, January 2011.
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.trend.az/regions/casia/kyrgyzstan/1916343.html|title=Uzbekistan's Frontier Service: Kyrgyzstan aggravates situation in Sokh enclave|date=10 August 2011|work=Trend|accessdate=23 October 2014}}
25. ^http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/december-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/2293-ukraine-resumed-construction-of-gyurza-m-project-58155-river-armored-artillery-boats.html
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.specialoperations.com/Foreign/Uzbekistan/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-10-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818143527/http://www.specialoperations.com/Foreign/Uzbekistan/ |archivedate=2013-08-18 |df= }}
27. ^https://military-medicine.com/almanac/133-uzbekistan-republic-of.html

Further reading

  • Roger N. McDermott, The armed forces of the republic of Uzbekistan 1992-2002: Threats, influences and reform, The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Volume 16, Issue 2 June 2003, pages 27 – 50

External links

{{Commons category|Military of Uzbekistan}}{{external media|image1=[https://ru.sputniknews-uz.com/amp/society/20180414/7961884/obrazci-novoy-formi-dla-armii-uzbekistana.html Uzbek Military Uniforms]|}}{{Military of Asia}}

2 : Military of Uzbekistan|Government of Uzbekistan
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