| 词条 | Army Group North |
| 释义 |
| unit_name =Army Group North | native_name =Heeresgruppe Nord | image = | alt = | caption = | dates ={{plainlist|
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}} | identification_symbol = }} Army Group North ({{lang-de|Heeresgruppe Nord}}) was a German strategic echelon formation, commanding a grouping of field armies during World War II. The German Army Group was subordinated to the Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH), the German army high command, and coordinated the operations of attached separate army corps, reserve formations, rear services and logistics, including the Army Group North Rear Area. {{TOC limit}}Operational historyThe Army Group North was created on the 2 September 1939 by reorganization of the 2nd Army Headquarters. Commander in Chief as of 27 August 1939 was Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Invasion of PolandThe first employment of Army Group North was in the invasion of Poland of 1939, where in September it controlled:
The Army Group was commanded by Fedor von Bock for the operation. After the end of the campaign, it was transferred to the Western Theatre and on the 10 October 1939 was renamed as the Army Group B, and consisted of:
Invasion of the Soviet UnionIn preparation for Operation Barbarossa, Army Group North was reformed from Army Group C on 22 June 1941. Army Group North was commanded by Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb[1] and staged in East Prussia. Its strategic goal was Leningrad, with operational objectives being the territories of the Baltic republics and securing the northern flank of Army Group Centre in Northern Russia between Western Dvina River and Daugavpils-Kholm Army Group boundary. On commencement of the Wehrmacht's Baltic offensive operation the army group deployed into Lithuania and northern Belorussia. It served mainly in Baltic territories and north Russia until 1944. Commander in Chief 22 June 1941: Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb. Its subordinate armies were deployed with the following immediate objectives:
The Baltic offensive operationAll operational objectives such as Tallinn were achieved despite stubborn Red Army resistance and several unsuccessful counter-offensives such as the Battle of Raseiniai, and the army group approached Leningrad, commencing the Siege of Leningrad. However, while the Baltic states were overrun, the Siege of Leningrad continued until 1944, when it was lifted as a result of the Red Army Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation. In September 1941, the Spanish Blue Division was assigned to Army Group North. Northern Russia offensive operationComposition: October 1941
Operation Nordlicht Northern Russia defensive campaignCommander in Chief 17 January 1942: GFM Georg von Küchler Composition: September 1942
December 1942
Kholm Pocket Soviet Toropets-Kholm Operation Battle of Krasny Bor Baltic defensive campaignCommander in Chief 9 January 1944: Field marshal Walter Model Commander in Chief 31 March 1944: Generaloberst Georg Lindemann Commander in Chief 4 July 1944: Generaloberst Johannes Frießner Commander in Chief 23 July 1944: GFM Ferdinand Schörner March 1944
Battle of Narva, consisting of:
Soviet Baltic Offensive Battle of Vilnius (1944) Battle of Memel After becoming trapped in the Courland Cauldron after 25 January 1945, the Army Group was renamed Army Group Courland. On the same day, in East Prussia, a new Army Group North was created by renaming Army Group Center. On the 2 April 1945, the army group was dissolved, and the staff formed the 12th Army headquarters. Campaign in East PrussiaArmy Group North (old Army Group Centre), was driven into an ever smaller pocket around Königsberg in East Prussia. On April 9, 1945 Königsberg finally fell to the Red Army, although remnants of Army Group units continued to resist on the Heiligenbeil & Danzig beachheads until the end of the war in Europe. October 1944
November 1944
December 1944
Soviet East Prussian Offensive Heiligenbeil pocket Campaign in West PrussiaCommander in Chief 27 January 1945: Generaloberst Dr. Lothar Rendulic Commander in Chief 12 March 1945: Walter Weiss Composition: February 1945
Soviet East Pomeranian Offensive Courland Pocket On the 25 January 1945 Hitler renamed three army groups. Army Group North became Army Group Courland, more appropriate as it had been isolated from Army Group Centre and was trapped in Courland, Latvia; Army Group Centre became Army Group North and Army Group A became Army Group Centre. Commanders{{Officeholder table start| showorder = y | showimage = y | officeholder_title = Commander | showtermlenght = y | showparty = n | showdefencebranch = n }}{{Officeholder table | order = 1 | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1977-120-11, Fedor von Bock.jpg | military_rank = Generalfeldmarschall | officeholder = Fedor von Bock | officeholder_sort = Bock, Fedor | born_year = 1880 | died_year = 1945 | term_start = 27 August 1939 | term_end = 20 June 1941 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1939|08|27|1941|06|20}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 2 | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L08126, Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb.jpg | military_rank = Generalfeldmarschall | officeholder = Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb | officeholder_sort = Leeb, Wilhelm | born_year = 1876 | died_year = 1956 | term_start = 20 June 1941 | term_end = 17 January 1942 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1941|06|20|1942|01|17}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 3 | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R63872, Georg von Küchler.jpg | military_rank = Generalfeldmarschall | officeholder = Georg von Küchler | officeholder_sort = Küchler, Georg | born_year = 1881 | died_year = 1968 | term_start = 17 January 1942 | term_end = 9 January 1944 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1942|01|17|1944|01|09}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 4 | image = Otto Moritz Walter Model.jpg | military_rank = Generalfeldmarschall | officeholder = Walter Model | officeholder_sort = Model, Walter | born_year = 1891 | died_year = 1945 | term_start = 9 January 1944 | term_end = 31 March 1944 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|01|09|1944|03|31}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 5 | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L08017, Georg Lindemann.jpg | military_rank = Generaloberst | officeholder = Georg Lindemann | officeholder_sort = Lindemann, Georg | born_year = 1884 | died_year = 1963 | term_start = 31 March 1944 | term_end = 4 July 1944 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|03|31|1944|07|04}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 6 | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1984-018-27A, Johannes Friessner.jpg | military_rank = Generaloberst | officeholder = Johannes Frießner | officeholder_sort = Frießner, Johannes | born_year = 1892 | died_year = 1971 | term_start = 4 July 1944 | term_end = 23 July 1944 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|07|04|1944|07|23}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 7 | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L29176, Ferdinand Schörner.jpg | military_rank = Generalfeldmarschall | officeholder = Ferdinand Schörner | officeholder_sort = Schörner, Ferdinand | born_year = 1892 | died_year = 1973 | term_start = 23 July 1944 | term_end = 27 January 1945 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|07|23|1945|01|27}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 8 | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1995-027-32A, Lothar Rendulic.jpg | military_rank = Generaloberst | officeholder = Lothar Rendulic | officeholder_sort = Rendulic, Lothar | born_year = 1887 | died_year = 1971 | term_start = 27 January 1945 | term_end = 12 March 1945 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1945|01|27|1945|03|12}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 9 | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-088-3724-06A, Russland, Generale vor Holzhaus (cropped).jpg | military_rank = Generaloberst | officeholder = Walter Weiß | officeholder_sort = Weiß, Walter | born_year = 1890 | died_year = 1967 | term_start = 12 March 1945 | term_end = 2 April 1945 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1945|03|12|1945|04|02}} }}{{Officeholder table end}} See also
Notes and references1. ^{{cite book|last=Kirchubel|first=Robert|title=Operation Barbarossa 1941 (2): Army Group North|year=2012|publisher=Osprey|page=18|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BFICi1RBEWMC&lpg=PP1&dq=german%20%22army%20group%20north%22&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q=german%20%22army%20group%20north%22&f=false}} Bibliography
| last1 = Frieser | first1 = Karl-Heinz | author-link1 = Karl-Heinz Frieser | first2 =Klaus | last2 = Schmider | first3 =Klaus | last3 = Schönherr | first4 = Gerhard | last4 = Schreiber | first5 = Kristián | last5 = Ungváry | author-link5 = Krisztián Ungváry | first6 =Bernd | last6=Wegner | authorlink6 = Bernd Wegner | work = Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg [Germany and the Second World War] | volume = VIII | title = Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten | trans-title = The Eastern Front 1943–1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts | publisher = Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt | location = München | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-3-421-06235-2 | language = German | ref = harvid{{Army Groups Germany}}{{Army Group Rear Area (Wehrmacht)}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=World War II }} 3 : Army groups of the German Army in World War II|Military units and formations established in 1939|Military units and formations disestablished in 1945 |
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