| 词条 | Draft:Rainbow carrots | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
This page has been declined or rejected as an abandoned draft by an inactive editor. If it is not edited further within six months after it has been declined or rejected, it will be deleted as a disused draft. Since the originator of this draft is inactive, any comments may be addressed to the last reviewer. Robert McClenon (talk) 11:50, 22 February 2019 (UTC)}} Rainbow Carrots ... History900-1000ADPurple and yellow carrots appeared in Afghanistan and spread to the eastern Mediterranean.[1] 1300sPurple and yellow carrots appeared in China and Western Europe. [1] 1600sYellow carrots appeared in Japan. [1] 1700sWhite carrots appeared in Europe. [1] Orange carrots appeared in The Netherlands and surrounding regions. [1] 2000sOrange carrots are the most commonly grown variety worldwide, although some white carrots are still found in Europe, where they are used to feed livestock. [1] Some red varieties remain in Japan, while some yellow and purple carrots continue to grow in the Middle East. [1] Purple, yellow, and red carrots are still grown from Turkey to India and China. [1] CrossbreedingAlthough colored carrots have been appearing in countries such as Afghanistan for more than 1000 years, scientists have only been intensively crossbreeding carrots for approximately 50 years [2]. Over 20 years ago, scientists at ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit in Wisconsin, USA, selectively crossbred carrots to increase their beta-carotene content [2]. This crossbreeding resulted in a variety of colored carrots, ranging from white, to orange, to red, and purple [2]. As a result, carrots now contain 75% more beta-carotene than they did 25 years ago, and have greater health benefits [2]. NutritionIn the United States of America, carrots account for 30% of dietary vitamin A intake.[1]. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that promotes healthy vision, skin, and immune function [3]. Foods of animal origin contain preformed vitamin A, which is absorbed as retinol, one of the most active forms of Vitamin A [4]. In foods of plant origin, Vitamin A is found in the form of carotenoids, from which the human body can synthesize retinol [4]. Colorful fruits and vegetables contain various caretonoids, which differ in their health benefits [2]. Of all the caretonoids, beta-carotene, which is found in orange and red carrots, is the most efficiently synthesized into retinol [4] The pigment in red carrots is a result of the high lycopene content. Lycopene is a carotenoid with antioxidant properties that may prevent cardiovascular disease and some cancers[2]. The pigment found in yellow carrots is attributed to xanthophylls such as lutein. Lutein is the pigment found in human retinas, and increased consumption of this carotenoid is believed to prevent macular degeneration and cataracts [2]. Purple carrots contain anthocyanins, pigments that are also a powerful antioxidant flavinoids [2]. Anthocyanins protect cells from oxidative damage, which aids in the prevention of vascular diseases, cancer, and inflammation [5] Summary
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|last=Simon|first=P.W|title=Carrot Facts|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/Research/docs.htm?docid=5231|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service|accessdate=25 October 2011}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 With Character", United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service , 2004 3. ^"What you need to know about Vitamin A", EatRight Ontario, Dietitians of Canada , 2011 4. ^1 2 "Vitamin A and Carotenoids", Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institute of Health, 2006 5. ^Sterling, M "Anthocyanins", Nutrition Science News , 2001 |
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