| 词条 | Quelimane | ||||||||
| 释义 |
| official_name = Quelimane | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = Quilimane.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = The Old Cathedral of Quelimane | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Mozambique | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mapsize = 240 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{Flag|Mozambique}} | subdivision_type1 = Provinces | subdivision_name1 = Zambezia Province | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = City Status | established_date = 1942 | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 117 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2017 census | population_footnotes = | population_note = | settlement_type = | population_total = 349842 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_mi2 = | timezone = | utc_offset = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|17|52|35|S|36|53|14|E|region:MZ|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1 | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = Climate | blank_info = Aw | website = | footnotes = }} Quelimane ({{IPA-pt|keliˈmani}}) is a seaport in Mozambique. It is the administrative capital of the Zambezia Province and the province's largest city, and stands {{convert|25|km|0|abbr=on}} from the mouth of the Rio dos Bons Sinais (or "River of the Good Signs"). The river was named when Vasco da Gama, on his way to India, reached it and saw "good signs" that he was on the right path. The town was the end point of David Livingstone's west-to-east crossing of south-central Africa in 1856. Portuguese is the official language of Mozambique, and many residents of the areas surrounding Quelimane speak Portuguese. The most common local language is Chuabo. Quelimane, along with much of Zambezia Province, is extremely prone to floods during Mozambique's rainy season. The most recent bout of severe flooding took place in January 2007. HistoryPre-colonial eraThe town originated as a Swahili trade centre, and then grew as a slave market. Quelimane was founded by Muslim traders (see Kilwa Sultanate) and was one of the oldest towns in the region. EtymologyThe origins of the name 'Quelimane' are obscure. One tradition alleges that Vasco da Gama, in 1498, inquired about the name of the place from some inhabitants laboring in the fields outside the settlement. Thinking he was asking what they were doing, they simply replied kuliamani ('we are cultivating'). An alternative explanation is that when the Portuguese reached the settlement, they were welcomed by a notable Arab, or half Arab, who acted as interpreter between them and the natives. The name which the Portuguese applied to this individual, and his settlement, was 'Quelimane' (pronounced Kelimãn), because in the corrupt Arabic spoken on the East African coast 'Kalimãn' is the word for 'Interpreter'. In Swahili it is 'Mkalimani'.[2] Portuguese ruleIn the 16th century, the Portuguese founded a trading station at Quelimane, and until 1853 trade was forbidden to any other than Portuguese.[3] Sisal plantations were organized by German planters in the beginning of the 20th century. The town started to grow and attracted several communities from different backgrounds, including Muslims and Indians, and new infrastructure was built by the Portuguese authorities. Its busy port had tea, grown and processed in the district of Zambézia (particularly important in the region around Gurúè, former Vila Junqueiro), as its major export. Coconut was also produced and transformed in the city.[4] By 1970, Quelimane, Portuguese Mozambique, had 71,786 inhabitants. After independence from PortugalMozambique became independent from Portugal in 1975, after the April 1974 Carnation Revolution at Lisbon. Although its location on the Rio dos Bons Sinais is less important today than in the past, Quelimane remains a major town with a large hospital, two cathedrals, a mosque, and a public university for teachers. Due to its heat, humidity, and distance from the beach, Quelimane is not among Mozambique's major tourist destinations. However, its status as a provincial capital and the fourth-largest city in Mozambique and the increasing ease of access by plane (Linhas Aéreas de Moçambique runs flights) and road contribute to a small but relatively steady stream of visitors. In addition, Quelimane is home to branches of many NGOs, including [https://web.archive.org/web/20070411141233/http://www.wvi.org/wvi/home.htm World Vision International], Heifer International, and Save the Children UK. Frequent visits from foreign aid consultants, workers, and government officials also contribute to the economy, and the city received a further boost when Quelimane hosted the Ninth Annual Frelimo Party Convention in November 2006. After decades of municipal decline, the current mayor, Manuel de Araujo, is reportedly overseeing a renewed civic effort at economic and infrastructural restoration [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-radio-and-tv-21831810]. Demographics
ClimateQuelimane has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). {{Weather box|location = Quelimane |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan record high C = 40.3 |Feb record high C = 38.5 |Mar record high C = 38.4 |Apr record high C = 37.2 |May record high C = 36.4 |Jun record high C = 33.8 |Jul record high C = 34.1 |Aug record high C = 37.0 |Sep record high C = 39.0 |Oct record high C = 42.9 |Nov record high C = 42.8 |Dec record high C = 41.4 |year record high C = 42.9 |Jan high C = 32.4 |Feb high C = 32.1 |Mar high C = 31.4 |Apr high C = 30.2 |May high C = 28.6 |Jun high C = 26.8 |Jul high C = 26.2 |Aug high C = 27.6 |Sep high C = 29.5 |Oct high C = 31.2 |Nov high C = 32.1 |Dec high C = 32.3 |year high C = 30.0 |Jan mean C = 27.4 |Feb mean C = 27.3 |Mar mean C = 26.9 |Apr mean C = 25.6 |May mean C = 23.2 |Jun mean C = 21.1 |Jul mean C = 20.6 |Aug mean C = 21.8 |Sep mean C = 23.6 |Oct mean C = 25.3 |Nov mean C = 26.5 |Dec mean C = 27.1 |year mean C = 24.7 |Jan low C = 23.4 |Feb low C = 23.4 |Mar low C = 23.2 |Apr low C = 21.5 |May low C = 18.5 |Jun low C = 16.0 |Jul low C = 15.6 |Aug low C = 16.1 |Sep low C = 18.1 |Oct low C = 20.2 |Nov low C = 21.7 |Dec low C = 22.8 |year low C = 20.0 |Jan record low C = 18.9 |Feb record low C = 17.9 |Mar record low C = 17.2 |Apr record low C = 15.9 |May record low C = 11.9 |Jun record low C = 9.9 |Jul record low C = 10.3 |Aug record low C = 10.3 |Sep record low C = 11.1 |Oct record low C = 12.8 |Nov record low C = 14.1 |Dec record low C = 15.9 |year record low C = 9.9 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 241.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 238.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 237.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 153.3 |May precipitation mm = 82.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 56.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 62.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 29.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 18.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 34.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 88.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 219.5 |year precipitation mm = 1461.0 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 11.4 |Feb precipitation days = 12.9 |Mar precipitation days = 13.1 |Apr precipitation days = 9.9 |May precipitation days = 7.6 |Jun precipitation days = 7.9 |Jul precipitation days = 8.1 |Aug precipitation days = 4.3 |Sep precipitation days = 2.1 |Oct precipitation days = 2.8 |Nov precipitation days = 5.2 |Dec precipitation days = 10.6 |year precipitation days = 95.9 |Jan humidity = 78 |Feb humidity = 78 |Mar humidity = 79 |Apr humidity = 79 |May humidity = 79 |Jun humidity = 81 |Jul humidity = 79 |Aug humidity = 77 |Sep humidity = 74 |Oct humidity = 68 |Nov humidity = 72 |Dec humidity = 74 |year humidity = 77 |Jan sun = 220.1 |Feb sun = 194.9 |Mar sun = 226.3 |Apr sun = 228.0 |May sun = 238.7 |Jun sun = 216.0 |Jul sun = 229.4 |Aug sun = 263.5 |Sep sun = 261.0 |Oct sun = 257.3 |Nov sun = 279.0 |Dec sun = 238.7 |year sun = |Jand sun = 7.1 |Febd sun = 6.9 |Mard sun = 7.3 |Aprd sun = 7.6 |Mayd sun = 7.7 |Jund sun = 7.2 |Juld sun = 7.4 |Augd sun = 8.5 |Sepd sun = 8.7 |Octd sun = 8.3 |Novd sun = 9.3 |Decd sun = 7.7 |yeard sun = 7.8 |source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst[6] }} See also
International relationsTwin towns — Sister citiesQuelimane is twinned with:
References1. ^ 2. ^British Central Africa, Sir Harry H. Johnston, K.C.B., New York, Edward Arnold, 70 Fifth Avenue, 1897, Page 55-56 3. ^{{Cite EB1911 |title=Quilimane |volume=22 |page=750 |url=https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri22chisrich#page/750/mode/1up}} 4. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfQqygbyuoE&feature=channel_page QUELIMANE], a film of the cosmopolitan port of Quelimane and tea centre of Vila Junqueiro, Portuguese Mozambique, before 1975. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-153 |title=Mozambique: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |accessdate=2008-06-18 |work=World Gazetteer |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231073437/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-153 |archivedate=December 31, 2008 }} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_672830_kt.pdf| title = Klimatafel von Quelimane / Mosambik| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst| language = German| accessdate = April 19, 2017}} 7. ^Le Port est jumelé à quatre villes portuaires {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908095756/http://www.ville-port.re/portail/index.php?id=48 |date=September 8, 2015 }} {{fr}} External links
5 : Quelimane|Populated places in Mozambique|Populated places in Zambezia Province|Provincial capitals in Mozambique|Swahili city-states |
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