| 词条 | Everglades Club |
| 释义 |
| name = The Everglades Club | former name = | image = PB FL Everglades Club01.jpg | image_border = | size = 275px | alt = | caption = | map = | msize = | malt = | mcaption = | map2 = | abbreviation = | motto = | predecessor = | successor = | formation = January 25, 1919 | type = | status = | purpose = social club, golf club | headquarters = | location = 356 Worth Avenue Palm Beach, Florida | coords = | membership = (not publicly available) | language = | general = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | key_people = Paris Singer, Addison Mizner | main_organ = | affiliations = | budget = | num_staff = | num_volunteers = | website = (none, by deliberate decision) | remarks = dues are very high }} The Everglades Club is the preeminent, and most exclusive, social club in Palm Beach, Florida. When its construction began in July 1918 it was to be called the Touchstone Convalescent Club, and it was intended to be a hospital for the wounded of World War I.[1] But the war ended a few months later and it changed into a private club without ever opening as a hospital. The Club has no sign, no Web site, and no Wifi. Cell phones are prohibited. HistoryParis Singer (1867-1932) was an immensely wealthy man in the early 20th century. Singer's father, Isaac Singer (1811-1875), had invented the sewing machine and Paris Singer had an income of one million dollars a year at this time.[2]Paris Singer and his good friend, the developer Addison Mizner (1872-1933), were visiting Palm Beach in the spring of 1918. Singer decided to build a hospital with Mizner as the architect. Singer had already built three hospitals in France for the wounded. It was during World War I when only war-related buildings could be built.[3] Construction began in July. (The site at the west end of Worth Avenue formerly contained Alligator Joe's, a tourist attraction.[4]) By November 1918 seven residential villas and a medical center had been built on the north side of Worth Avenue, across from the main building.[5]{{rp|43}} Singer purchased laboratory and surgical equipment and fittings for an operating room.[5]{{rp|44}} Singer sent out as many as 300,000 invitations to "eligible" Army and Navy officers, who had to be "screened" and had to be able to pay their own room and board.[5]{{rp|43, 47}} However, World War I had ended, and most former soldiers wanted to go home. The hospital was reinvisioned as a private club; the medical equipment was donated to a hospital in West Palm Beach.[5]{{rp|47}} There was a main building, eight separate villas, tennis courts, a parking garage across the street, and a yacht basin. The club opened on 25 January 1919. Paris Singer was the President of the club and he decided who could become a member. For its second season in 1920, Mizner supervised the construction of a nine-hole golf course and the landscaping of the club's 60 acres. He also built Via Mizner, an addition on Worth Avenue with eleven apartments and sixteen shops.[6] Mizner's design for the Everglades Club was the biggest success of his career. The architectural impact "cannot be overstated."[7]{{rp|163}} It helped establish a new architectural style for Florida.[8][9] In the club's first season Mizner received four architectural commissions. He went on to become America's foremost society architect of his era.[10] Singer began his club with twenty-five charter members. The club was an immediate success. Two years later the membership was closed at 500 members.[11] Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt Webb (1860–1936) was one of its earliest female members.[12] Businessman Jack C. Massey was a member.[13] An additional nine holes were added to the golf course in 1930.[14] Today (2018)In 2009, membership dues were "about $10,000 a year", and there were "just under 1,000" members.[15] The club deliberately does not have a website. Cellphones are prohibited on the property.[16] When journalist Ian Brown approached the club in 2016, an employee dressed "straight out of Dickens" intercepted him and, when asked, denied that it was the Everglades Club. Brown stated:[17] {{quote|And bingo, right there, you have the ultimate Palm Beach response, the ideal mélange of politeness and refusal, of manners and condescension, of give but give no more, whose implication is the town’s unofficial motto: If you have to ask, you don’t belong here.}}Membership policiesThe Club has long been criticized for alleged discrimination against Jews and blacks.[18] Sammy Davis, Jr. was turned away at the door.[15] According to socialite C.Z. Guest, she and her husband were temporarily suspended from the club after they brought Jewish guests — Estée Lauder and her husband — to a party there in 1972.[15] Joseph Kennedy, father of the slain president, resigned his membership in the early '60s "to avoid scrutiny for belonging to a club known for excluding blacks and Jewish people."[15] The hostility toward Jews was such that Jewish residents began a new club, the Palm Beach Country Club, in 1959.[15] As of 2014 there has never been an African-American member.[19]{{rp|172–173}} According to 2009 president William Panill, no black has ever applied. The Club now has Jewish members, but how many is unknown because, according to Panill, "we don't ask."[20] As another member put it, the current policy on Jews is "Don't ask, don't tell".[15] Panill admitted in 2009 that he receives inquiries about whether a member can bring a Jewish guest.[20] Further reading
|title='Let Them Win': Tales of Life Inside the Everglades Club |first=Lisa |last=Rab |date=July 23, 2009 |access-date=February 4, 2018 |newspaper=New Times Broward-Palm Beach |url=http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/let-them-win-tales-of-life-inside-the-everglades-club-6472901}} References
1. ^Curl 1984. p. 42 2. ^Michener 1984. p. 8 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pbchistoryonline.org/page/private-clubs | title=Private Clubs | publisher=Historical Society of Palm Beach | accessdate=July 13, 2013}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Then and now: Alligator Joe’s and the Everglades Club|first1=Sara E.|last=Skinner|last2=@Palm Beach Post Staff Researchers|date=May 22, 2014|access-date=February 4, 2018|url=http://historicpalmbeach.blog.palmbeachpost.com/2011/01/12/then-and-now-alligator-joes-and-the-everglades-club/}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{citation|page=7|first=Donald W.|last=Curl|title=Mizner's Florida|publisher=The Architectural History Foundation and the MIT Press|year=1992|quote=First published 1984|isbn=0262530686}} 6. ^Curl 1984. p. 49 7. ^{{citation|last=Seebohm|first=Caroline|year=2001|title=Boca Rococo. How Addison Mizner Invented Florida’s Gold Coast|publisher=Clarkson Potter|isbn=0609605151}} 8. ^Curl 1984. p. 59 9. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.bocahistory.org/exhibits/exhibits_mizner.asp | title=Mizner's Dream | publisher=Boca Raton Historical Society | accessdate=July 15, 2013 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229042045/http://www.bocahistory.org/exhibits/exhibits_mizner.asp | archivedate=February 29, 2012 | df= }} 10. ^Curl 1984. p. 60 11. ^Michener 1984. p. 19 12. ^Vanderbilt rehab a study in family memories, The Chicago Tribune, May 01, 2005 13. ^{{cite news|title=Business Legend Jack Massey Dies|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/298888555/?terms=%22Jack%2BC.%2BMassey%22|accessdate=December 17, 2017|work=The Palm Beach Daily News|date=February 16, 1990|pages=1; 4|via=Newspapers.com|registration=yes}} 14. ^{{cite web | url=http://evergladesclub.palmbeach.florida.us.linksandlodging.com/ | title=Everglades Club - Palm Beach, Florida | publisher=Links And Lodging | accessdate=July 13, 2013}} 15. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|title=The Chef and the "Amigo"|first=Lisa|last=Rab|date=July 23, 2009|newspaper=New Times Broward-Palm Beach|url=http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/the-chef-and-the-amigo-6343976|access-date=February 4, 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web | url=http://clikhear.palmbeachpost.com/2011/south-florida/palm-beach-county/inside-the-everglades-club-the-origins-of-palm-beach-style/ | title=Inside the Everglades Club: the origins of Palm Beach style | publisher=The Palm Beach Post | accessdate=July 12, 2013 | author=Marshall, Barbara}} 17. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/us-politics/donald-trump-in-palm-beach/article33453459/ |title=A look inside Palm Beach, where wealthy Canadians are one degree of separation from Donald Trump |last=Brown |first=Ian |date=2016-12-31 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |author-link=Ian Brown (journalist)}} 18. ^{{cite news|title=An exclusive look inside the mysterious Everglades Club|first=Barbara|last=Marshall|date=April 17, 2011|newspaper=Palm Beach Post|url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/entertainment/exclusive-look-inside-the-mysterious-everglades-club/CAL6R6a4TJ61GVIAeSL1EP/|access-date=February 4, 2018}} 19. ^{{cite book|title=Villa Mizner: The House that Changed Palm Beach|first=Richard René|last=Silvin|isbn=1884886744|year=2014|publisher=Star Group Books}} 20. ^1 {{cite news|title=Don't Ask, Don't Tell: Details on the Everglades Club's Policy Toward Jews|first=Lisa|last=Rab|date=July 22, 2009|access-date=February 4, 2018|newspaper=New Times Broward-Palm Beach|url=http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/dont-ask-dont-tell-details-on-the-everglades-clubs-policy-toward-jews-6463916}}
External links{{Commons category|Everglades Club}}
6 : Private clubs|Palm Beach, Florida|Historic American Buildings Survey in Florida|Addison Mizner buildings|Clubhouses in Florida|Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in Florida |
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