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词条 Raj Reddy
释义

  1. Life

  2. Career

  3. Research

  4. Awards and honors

  5. Contributions

  6. Miscellaneous

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}{{Use American English|date=April 2017}}{{Infobox scientist
| birth_name = Dabbala Rajagopal Reddy
| image = RR cropped image new.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1937|6|13}}
| birth_place = Katur, Madras Presidency, British India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence = United States
| citizenship = United States
| nationality = American
| field = Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
Human-Computer Interaction
| work_institutions = International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad,[1][2]
Carnegie Mellon University
Stanford University
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies
| alma_mater = University of Madras
University of New South Wales
Stanford University
| doctoral_advisor = John McCarthy
| doctoral_students = James K. Baker
Janet M. Baker[3]
Kai-Fu Lee[3]
Xuedong Huang
Harry Shum
Hsiao Wuen Hon
| known_for =
| author_abbreviation_bot =
| author_abbreviation_zoo =
| prizes = {{Plainlist|
  • Legion of Honor (1984)
  • AAAI Fellow (1990)
  • Turing Award (1994)
  • Padma Bhushan (2001)
  • Vannevar Bush Award (2006)
  • ACM Fellow (2012)}}

}}{{Commonscat | Raj Reddy: Geobiography | Geobiography of Raj Reddy}}

Dabbala Rajagopal "Raj" Reddy (born 13 June 1937) is an Indian-American computer scientist and a winner of the Turing Award. He is one of the early pioneers of Artificial Intelligence and has served on the faculty of Stanford and Carnegie Mellon for over 50 years.[5] He was the founding director of the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. He was instrumental in helping to create Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies in India, to cater to the educational needs of the low-income, gifted, rural youth. He is the chairman of International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad. He is the first person of Asian origin to receive the ACM Turing Award, in 1994, the highest award in computer science, for his work in the field of artificial intelligence.

Life

Raj Reddy was born in Katur, Chittoor district, Madras Presidency, British India. His father, Sreenivasulu Reddy, was a farmer, and his mother, Pitchamma, was a homemaker. He was the first member of his family to attend college. He received his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from College of Engineering, Guindy, then affiliated to the University of Madras (now to Anna University, Chennai), India, in 1958.[6] Reddy then moved to Australia, where he received a master's degree in technology from the University of New South Wales, Australia, in 1960. He received a doctorate degree in computer science from Stanford University in 1966.

He started his academic career as an assistant professor at Stanford in 1966. He joined Carnegie Mellon University faculty in 1969. He was the founding director of the Robotics Institute at the University from 1979 to 1991.

He lives in Pittsburgh with his wife of 50 years and they have two daughters (Shyamala and Geetha) and two grand sons (Nikhil and August), who live on the West Coast.

Career

Reddy is the University Professor of Computer Science and Robotics and Moza Bint Nasser Chair at the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. From 1960, he worked for IBM in Australia.[4] He was an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University from 1966 to 1969.[5] He joined the Carnegie Mellon faculty as an associate professor of Computer Science in 1969. He became a full professor in 1973 and a university professor, in 1984.[6]

He was the founding director of the Robotics Institute[7] from 1979[8] to 1991[9] and the Dean of School of Computer Science from 1991 to 1999. As a dean of SCS, he helped create the Language Technologies Institute, Human Computer Interaction Institute, Center for Automated Learning and Discovery (since renamed as the Machine Learning Department), and the Institute for Software Research. He is the chairman of Governing Council of IIIT Hyderabad.[10]

Reddy was a co-chair[11] of the President's Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) from 1999 to 2001.[12] He was one of the founders of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence[13] and was its President from 1987 to 1989.[14] He served on the International board of governors of Peres Center for Peace in Israel.[15] He served as a member of the governing councils of EMRI[16] and HMRI[17] which use technology-enabled solutions to provide cost-effective health care coverage to rural population in India.

He was instrumental in helping to create Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies in India, to cater to the educational needs of the low-income, gifted, rural youth.

Research

Reddy's early research was conducted at the AI labs at Stanford, first as a graduate student and later as an Assistant Professor, and at CMU since 1969.[18] His AI research concentrated on perceptual and motor aspect of intelligence such as speech, language, vision and robotics. Over a span of five decades, Reddy and his colleagues created several historic demonstrations of spoken language systems, e.g., voice control of a robot,[19] large vocabulary connected speech recognition,[20][21] speaker independent speech recognition,[22] and unrestricted vocabulary dictation.[23] Reddy and his colleagues have made seminal contributions to Task Oriented Computer Architectures,[24] Analysis of Natural Scenes,[25] Universal Access to Information,[26] and Autonomous Robotic Systems.[27] Hearsay I was one of the first systems capable of continuous speech recognition. Subsequent systems like Hearsay II, Dragon, Harpy, and Sphinx I/II developed many of the ideas underlying modern commercial speech recognition technology as summarized in his recent historical review of speech recognition with Xuedong Huang and James K. Baker.[28]

Some of these ideas—most notably the "blackboard model" for coordinating multiple knowledge sources—have been adopted across the spectrum of applied artificial intelligence. His other major research interest has been in exploring the role of "Technology in Service of Society".[27] An early attempt in this area was the establishment, in 1981, of the {{ill|Centre Mondial Informatique et Ressource Humaine|fr}} in France by Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber and a technical team of Nicholas Negroponte, Alan Kay, Seymour Papert and Terry Winograd. Reddy served as the Chief Scientist for the center.[29]

Since 1995, Reddy and colleagues in China and India have worked on "Universal Digital Library Project".[26] The project is currently attempting to archive 1,000 newspapers for the next 1,000 years and provide online access to UNESCO heritage sites.{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}

His current research centers around "Technology in Service of Society", in particular creating voice only dialog based Apps for tasks such as online shopping and banking, Cognition Amplifiers and Guardian Angels, Digital Democracy, Universal Digital Archive, Voice Computing for the 3B semi-literate populations at the bottom of the pyramid, and KG to PG Micro-Universities.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

Awards and honors

His awards and recognitions include the following:

  • He is a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America, IEEE and AAAI.
  • Reddy is a member[9] of the United States National Academy of Engineering, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, Indian National Science Academy, and Indian National Academy of Engineering.
  • He has been awarded honorary doctorates (Doctor Honoris Causa) from SV University, Universite Henri-Poincare, University of New South Wales,[30] Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, University of Massachusetts,[31] University of Warwick,[32] Anna University, IIIT (Allahabad), Andhra University, IIT Kharagpur[33] and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.[34]
  • In 1994 he and Edward Feigenbaum received the ACM Turing Award "For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology".[35]
  • In 1984, Reddy was awarded the French Legion of Honour by French President François Mitterrand for his contributions as Chief Scientist at "Centre Mondial Informatique" in Paris in the use of "Technology in Service of Society".[29]
  • In 2001, Reddy was awarded Padma Bhushan, an award given by the Indian government that recognizes distinguished service of a high order to the nation.[36]
  • In 2004, Reddy received the Okawa Prize for pioneering researches of large-scale artificial intelligence system, human-computer interaction and Internet, and outstanding contributions to information and telecommunications policy and nurture of many human resources.[37]
  • He received the 2005 IJCAI Donald E. Walker Distinguished Service Award For, "His outstanding service to the AI community as President of AAAI, Conference Chair of IJCAI-79, and his leadership and promotion of AI internationally". He received the IBM Research Ralph Gomory Visiting Scholar Award in 1991.
  • In 2005, Reddy received the Honda Prize for his pioneering role in robotics and computer science which are expected to be used in the future society for a broad range of applications including education, medicine, healthcare, and disaster relief.[38]
  • In 2006 he received the Vannevar Bush Award, the highest Award of National Science Foundation in United States, for his lifetime contribution to science and long-standing statesmanship in science and behalf of the nation.[39]
  • In 2008, Reddy received the IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award, "for leadership and pioneering contributions to speech recognition, natural language understanding, and machine intelligence".[40]
  • In 2011, Reddy was inducted into IEEE Intelligent Systems' AI's Hall of Fame for the "significant contributions to the field of AI and intelligent systems".[41][42]

Contributions

  • Machine Intelligence and Robotics: Report of the NASA Study Group — Executive Summary,[43] Final Report[44] Carl Sagan (chair), Raj Reddy (vice chair) and others, NASA JPL, September 1979
  • Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Presidential Address, 1988.[14]
  • To Dream the Possible Dream, Turing Award Lecture presented at ACM CS Conference, 1 March 1995[45]
  • He contributed to the Million Books project as part of Digital Library of India.[46]

Miscellaneous

  • Kai-Fu Lee's 2018 bestseller 'AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order' is dedicated "To Raj Reddy, my mentor in AI and in life"

References

1. ^Cerf's curriculum vitae as of February 2001, attached to a transcript of his testimony that month before the United States House Energy Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet, from ICANN's website
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.iiit.ac.in/about/governing-council/|title=Governing Council {{!}} IIT Hyderabad}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=CMU Computer Science Ph.D. Awards by Advisor|url=http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~alumni/advisor.html#R|publisher=Carnegie Mellon|accessdate=3 August 2011}}
4. ^1 {{cite news|title=CMU's Raj Reddy fills lives with big questions|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/businessnews/19980615braj1.asp|accessdate=2 August 2011|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=15 June 1998}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Stanford Faculty List|url=http://forum.stanford.edu/wiki/index.php/Historical_Faculty_List|publisher=Stanford}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=CS50: FIFTY YEARS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE|url=http://www.cs50.cs.cmu.edu/inside.php?page_id=21|publisher=Carnegie Mellon|accessdate=2 August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615003034/http://www.cs50.cs.cmu.edu/inside.php?page_id=21|archivedate=15 June 2010}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=History of the Robotics Institute|url=http://www.ri.cmu.edu/ri_static_content.html?menu_id=247|publisher=Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon|accessdate=2 August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627051612/http://www.ri.cmu.edu/ri_static_content.html?menu_id=247|archivedate=27 June 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Robotics Institute Founders|url=http://www.carnegiemellontoday.com/article.asp?aid=157|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University Article Dec. 2004, Vol. 1, No. 4|accessdate=20 August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928161706/http://www.carnegiemellontoday.com/article.asp?aid=157|archivedate=28 September 2011}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.rr.cs.cmu.edu/rrlong.html |title=Raj Reddy |deadurl=yes |work=rr.cs.cmu.edu |accessdate=24 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709064129/http://www.rr.cs.cmu.edu/rrlong.html |archivedate=9 July 2011 }}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Governing Council of International Institute of Information Technology|url=http://www.iiit.ac.in/institute/governing_council|publisher=IIIT|accessdate=2 August 2011}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Draft Minutes of PITAC|url=http://www.nitrd.gov/Pitac/meetings/2000/minutes/20000919.html|publisher=Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD)|accessdate=7 September 2011}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Former PITAC Members (1997–2001)|url=http://www.nitrd.gov/Pitac/former_members.html|publisher=Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD)|accessdate=7 September 2011}}
13. ^{{cite journal|title=Origins of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence|journal=AI Magazine|volume=26|issue=4|pages=5–12|url=http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1834/1732}}
14. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence|journal=AI Magazine|volume=9|issue=4|pages=9–21|url=http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/950/868}}
15. ^{{cite journal|title=International Board of Governors of the Peres Center for Peace|journal=Peres Center|url=http://www.peres-center.org/fulllist.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030801/http://www.peres-center.org/fulllist.html|archivedate=20 July 2011}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emri.in/?option=com_content&task=view&id=49&Itemid=203|title=Emergency Management and Research Institute - GVK EMRI|website=www.emri.in}}
17. ^http://www.hmri.in/gov-brd.aspx {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721162717/http://www.hmri.in/gov-brd.aspx |date=21 July 2011 }}
18. ^1 {{cite web|title=CMU-Software Engineering-Faculty-Raj Reddy|url=http://mse.isri.cmu.edu/software-engineering/Faculty/reddy-raj.html|publisher=Carnegie Mellon|accessdate=18 August 2011}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=HearHere Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB4znJYTGNk|publisher=CMU|accessdate=2 September 2011}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Hearsay Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McrSCrl4mUc|publisher=CMU|accessdate=2 September 2011}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Harpy Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3i6NoUZsSw|publisher=CMU|accessdate=2 September 2011}}
22. ^{{cite journal|author1=Lee|author2=Hon|author3=Reddy|last-author-amp=yes|title=An Overview of the Sphinx Speech Recognition System.|journal=IEEE Trans on ASSP|year=1990|volume=38|issue=1|pages=35–44|doi=10.1109/29.45616|citeseerx=10.1.1.477.4864}}
23. ^Introduction to {{cite book|title=Spoken language processing|url=http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Spoken-Language-Processing-A-Guide-to-Theory-Algorithm-and-System-Development/9780130226167.page|author=Xuedong Huang|author2=Alejandro Acero|author3=Alex Acero|author4=Hsiao-Wuen Hon|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=2001|isbn=978-0-13-022616-7}}
24. ^{{cite journal|author1=Bisiani|author2=Mauersberg|author3=Reddy|last-author-amp=yes|title=Task-Oriented Architectures|journal=Proc. IEEE|volume=71|issue=7|pages=885–898|doi=10.1109/PROC.1983.12685|year=1983}}
25. ^{{cite journal|author=Ohlander|author2=Price|author3=Reddy|title=Picture Segmentation Using a Recursive Region Splitting Method|journal=Computer Graphics and Image Processing|year=1978|volume=8|issue=3|pages=313–333|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0146664X78900606|doi=10.1016/0146-664X(78)90060-6}}
26. ^1 {{cite web|title=Electrifying Knowledge The Story of the Universal Digital Library_Pittsburgh Quarterly_Summer 2009 by Tom Imerito|url=http://www.pittsburghquarterly.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=479%3Aelectrifying-knowledge&catid=70%3Aeducation&Itemid=181&showall=1|publisher=CMU|accessdate=4 September 2011}}
27. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Robotics and Intelligent Systems in Support of Society | journal=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Systems|year=2006|volume=21|issue=3|pages=24–31|doi=10.1109/MIS.2006.57| last1=Reddy| first1=R.| citeseerx=10.1.1.106.6402}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2014/1/170863-a-historical-perspective-of-speech-recognition/abstract|title=A Historical Perspective of Speech Recognition|first=Xuedong Huang, James Baker, Raj|last=Reddy|website=cacm.acm.org}}
29. ^1 {{cite web|title=NNDB Listing|url=http://www.nndb.com/honors/139/000048992/|publisher=NNDB|accessdate=26 August 2011}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Honorary Degrees|url=http://www.unsw.edu.au/news/pad/articles/1999/sep/121honorarydegrees.html|publisher=University of New South Wales|accessdate=7 September 2011}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=Honorary Degree|url=http://www.umass.edu/chronicle/archives/00/09-01/cs.html|publisher=University of Massachusetts|accessdate=7 September 2011}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Honorary Graduates and Chancellor's Medallists|url=http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/gov/calendar/hongrads/|publisher=University of Warwick|accessdate=7 September 2011}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=Honoris Causa Awardees|url=http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/top-awardees/causa.php|publisher=IIT-kgp|accessdate=7 September 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016054922/http://iitkgp.ac.in/top-awardees/causa.php|archivedate=16 October 2011}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=HKUST to Confer Honorary Doctorates on Eminent Academics and Leaders|url=http://www.ust.hk/eng/news/press_20101104-817.html|publisher=Press Release|accessdate=7 September 2011}}
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=6247682&srt=all&aw=140&ao=AMTURING&yr=1994 |title=ACM Award Citation / Raj Reddy |work=awards.acm.org |deadurl=yes |accessdate=25 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726143851/http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=6247682&srt=all&aw=140&ao=AMTURING&yr=1994 |archivedate=26 July 2011}}
36. ^{{cite web |url= http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=330 |title=Padma Bhushan Awardees — Padma Awards |work=india.gov.in |accessdate=25 July 2011}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=The Winners of the Okawa Prize |url=http://www.okawa-foundation.or.jp/e/oka/oka_j/j_200401.htm |publisher=Okawa Foundation |accessdate=3 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612004208/http://www.okawa-foundation.or.jp/e/oka/oka_j/j_200401.htm |archivedate=12 June 2008 }}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Honda Prize 2005|url=http://www.hondafoundation.jp/en/project/hondaprize/award2005.html|publisher=Honda Foundation|accessdate=3 August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120803204104/http://www.hondafoundation.jp/en/project/hondaprize/award2005.html|archivedate=3 August 2012}}
39. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.nsf.gov/nsb/awards/bush_recipients.jsp#a2006 |title=National Science Board — Honorary Awards — Vannevar Bush Award Recipients|work=nsf.gov |accessdate=24 July 2011}}
40. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.speechtechmag.com/Articles/News/News-Feature/Speech-Pioneer-to-Be-Honored-by-IEEE-41316.aspx|title=Speech Pioneer to Be Honored by IEEE|date=21 March 2008|work=Speech Technology Magazine|accessdate=14 December 2009}}
41. ^{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1109/MIS.2011.64 | title = AI's Hall of Fame | url = http://www.computer.org/cms/Computer.org/ComputingNow/homepage/2011/0811/rW_IS_AIsHallofFame.pdf| journal = IEEE Intelligent Systems| volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 5–15 | year = 2011 | pmid = | pmc = }}
42. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/399442 |title=IEEE Computer Society Magazine Honors Artificial Intelligence Leaders |newspaper=DigitalJournal.com |date=24 August 2011 |accessdate=18 September 2011}} Press release source: PRWeb (Vocus).
43. ^{{cite book|title=Machine Intelligence and Robotics_Executive Summary|url=http://www.rr.cs.cmu.edu/NASA%20Ex%20Summary.pdf|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|accessdate=7 September 2011}}
44. ^{{cite book|title=Machine Intelligence and Robotics: Report of the NASA Study Group|url=http://www.rr.cs.cmu.edu/NASA%20Sagan%20Report.pdf|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|accessdate=7 September 2011}}
45. ^{{cite journal |title=To Dream the Possible Dream |url=http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p105-reddy.pdf |journal=Communications of the ACM |date=May 1996 |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=105–112 |doi=10.1145/229459.233436 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6aA5iZrDg?url=http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p105-reddy.pdf |archivedate=20 July 2015|last1=Reddy |first1=Raj }}
46. ^{{cite book |last1=Malamud |first1=Carl |last2=Pitroda |first2=Sam |title=Code Swaraj |publisher=Public.Resource.Org |isbn=978-1-892628-05-3 |page=43 |url=https://public.resource.org/swaraj/satyagraha.smaller.pdf|accessdate=3 January 2019}}

External links

{{Commonscatinline}}
  • {{MathGenealogy |id=44068 |title=Raj (Dabbala Rajagopal) Reddy}}
{{Turing award}}{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Raj}}

26 : Indian computer scientists|American computer scientists|Artificial intelligence researchers|Carnegie Mellon University faculty|Indian emigrants to the United States|Stanford University alumni|Living people|Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering|Stanford University School of Engineering faculty|Turing Award laureates|Vannevar Bush Award recipients|Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence|Fellow Members of the IEEE|American people of Telugu descent|University of New South Wales alumni|College of Engineering, Guindy alumni|Legion of Honour recipients|Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering|Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy|Scientists from Andhra Pradesh|University of Madras alumni|People from Chittoor district|1937 births|Speech processing researchers|Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America|Presidents of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
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