| 词条 | Arteriosclerosis |
| 释义 |
| name = Arteriosclerosis | image = Blausen 0227 Cholesterol.png | caption = Blood vessel-plaque and cholesterol | field = Pathology | pronounce = | synonyms = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = Smoking, High blood pressure[1] | risks = | diagnosis = Blood test, EKG[1] | differential = | prevention = | treatment = Treatment of underlying condition[3] | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Arteriosclerosis is the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries.[1] This process gradually restricts the blood flow to one's organs and tissues and can lead to severe health risks brought on by atherosclerosis, which is a specific form of arteriosclerosis caused by the buildup of fatty plaques, cholesterol, and some other substances in and on the artery walls.[2] It can be brought on by smoking, a bad diet, or many genetic factors. Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, with multiple genetic and environmental contributions. Genetic-epidemiologic studies have identified a surprisingly long list of genetic and non-genetic risk factors for CAD. However, such studies indicate that family history is the most significant independent risk factor.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} Signs and symptomsThe signs and symptoms of arteriosclerosis may include sudden weakness, facial or lower limb numbness, confusion, difficulty understanding speech, and problems seeing.[1] PathophysiologyThe lesions of arteriosclerosis begin as the intima (innermost layer of blood vessel wall) of the arterial wall start to fill up with the deposition of cellular wastes. As these start to mature, they can take different forms of arteriosclerosis. All are linked through common features such as the stiffening of arterial vessels, thickening of arterial walls and degenerative nature of the disease.[3][4]
DiagnosisDiagnosis of an individual suspected of having arteriosclerosis can be based on a physical exam, blood test, EKG and the results of these tests (among other exams).[10] TreatmentTreatment is often in the form of preventive measures of prophylaxis. Medical therapy is often prescribed to help prevent arteriosclerosis for underlying conditions, such as medications for the treatment of high cholesterol, medications to treat high blood pressure (e.g., ACE inhibitors),[11] and antiplatelet medications. Lifestyle changes are also advised, such as increasing exercise, stopping smoking, and moderating alcohol intake.[10] There are a variety of types of surgery:
EpidemiologyIn 2008, the US had an estimate of 16 million atherosclerotic heart disease and 5.8 million strokes. Cardiovascular diseases that were caused by arteriosclerosis also caused almost 812,000 deaths in 2008, more than any other cause, including cancer. About 1.2 million Americans are predicted to have a heart attack each year.[16] HistoryThe diagnostics and clinical implications of this disease were not recognized until the 20th century. Many cases have been observed and recorded, and Jean Lobstein coined the term arteriosclerosis while he was analyzing the composition of calcified arterial lesions.[17] The name comes from the Greek words ἀρτηρία (artēría, artery) and σκληρωτικός (sklērōtikós, hardened).[18] References1. ^{{DorlandsDict|one/000008408|arteriosclerosis}} 2. ^{{Cite web |title=Atherosclerosis |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0023229/ |work=PubMed Health Glossary }} 3. ^{{Cite book|title = Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine|url = https://books.google.com/?id=wb2TzY9AgJ0C&pg=PA462&dq=arteriosclerosis++pathology#v=onepage&q=arteriosclerosis%2520%2520pathology&f=false|publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|date = 2011-02-01|isbn = 9781605479682|first = Raphael|last = Rubin|first2 = David S.|last2 = Strayer|first3 = Emanuel|last3 = Rubin}} 4. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.10.013 |pmid=19110086 |title=The Pathology of Atherosclerosis: Plaque Development and Plaque Responses to Medical Treatment |journal=The American Journal of Medicine |volume=122 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=S3–S14 |year=2009 |last1=Insull |first1=William }} 5. ^{{Cite book|title = Color Atlas of Vascular Diseases|url = https://books.google.com/?id=Ptn6CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=arteriosclerosis+definition#v=onepage&q=arteriosclerosis%2520definition&f=false|publisher = Springer Science & Business Media|date = 2013-11-11|isbn = 9783662062876|first = C.|last = Diehm|first2 = J.-R.|last2 = Allenberg|first3 = K.|last3 = Nimura-Eckert|first4 = F. J.|last4 = Veith}} 6. ^{{Cite web|title = Atherosclerosis: MedlinePlus|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/atherosclerosis.html|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-19}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title = Pathology Practical Book|url = https://books.google.com/?id=x3n3cNOSH5AC&pg=PA40&dq=Monckeberg's+arteriosclerosis#v=onepage&q=Monckeberg's%2520arteriosclerosis&f=false|publisher = JP Medical Ltd|date = 2012-11-30|isbn = 9789350902660|first = Harsh|last = Mohan}} 8. ^{{Cite web|title = hyperplastic arteriosclerosis|url = http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperplastic+arteriosclerosis|accessdate = 2015-06-19}} 9. ^{{Cite web|title = hyaline arteriolosclerosis|url = http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyaline+arteriolosclerosis|accessdate = 2015-06-19}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|title = How Is Atherosclerosis Diagnosed? - NHLBI, NIH|url = http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/atherosclerosis/diagnosis|website = www.nhlbi.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-19}} 11. ^1 {{Cite web|title = ACE inhibitors: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-19}} 12. ^{{Cite web|title = Angioplasty: MedlinePlus|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/angioplasty.html|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-19}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Coronary artery bypass surgery|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html|website=MedlinePlus}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/atherosclerosis/Pages/treatment.aspx|title=Atherosclerosis -Treatment|accessdate=21 November 2013|publisher=UK NHS}} 15. ^{{Cite web|title = Thrombolytic therapy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007089.htm|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-19}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Atherosclerosis|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart_and_blood_vessel_disorders/atherosclerosis/atherosclerosis.html|website=Merck Manuals|accessdate=13 February 2015}} 17. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s00428-006-0176-7 |pmid=16612625 |title=Atherosclerosis research from past to present—on the track of two pathologists with opposing views, Carl von Rokitansky and Rudolf Virchow |journal=Virchows Archiv |volume=449 |issue=1 |pages=96–103 |year=2006 |last1=Mayerl |first1=Christina |last2=Lukasser |first2=Melanie |last3=Sedivy |first3=Roland |last4=Niederegger |first4=Harald |last5=Seiler |first5=Ruediger |last6=Wick |first6=Georg }} 18. ^{{cite book|last1=Copstead-Kirkhorn|first1=Lee-Ellen C.|last2=Banasik|first2=Jacquelyn L.|title=Pathophysiology|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323293174|page=322|url=https://books.google.com/?id=i7jwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA322&dq=arteriosclerosis+word+origin#v=onepage&q=arteriosclerosis%20word%20origin&f=false|accessdate=25 July 2016|language=en|date=2014-06-25}} Further reading
External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 1039 | ICD10 ={{ICD10|I25.0}},{{ICD10|I25.1}},{{ICD10|I70}} | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D001161 }}{{Vascular diseases}} 2 : Vascular diseases|Medical conditions related to obesity |
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