| 词条 | Arthur Friedenreich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Arthur friedenreich.jpg | image_size = 220 | caption = Friedenreich with the Brazilian national team . | name = Arthur Friedenreich | fullname = | height = {{convert|1.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1892|7|18|df=yes}} | birth_place = São Paulo, Brazil | death_date = {{death date and age|1969|9|6|1892|7|18|df=yes}} | death_place = São Paulo, Brazil | position = Striker | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 1909 | clubs1 = Germânia | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 1910 | clubs2 = Ypiranga | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 1911 | clubs3 = Germânia | caps3 = | goals3 = | years4 = 1912 | clubs4 = Mackenzie College | caps4 = | goals4 = | years5 = 1913–1915 | clubs5 = Ypiranga | caps5 = | goals5 = | years6 = 1916 | clubs6 = Paulistano | caps6 = | goals6 = | years7 = 1917 | clubs7 = Ypiranga | caps7 = | goals7 = | years8 = 1918–1929 | clubs8 = Paulistano | caps8 = | goals8 = | years9 = 1930–1933 | clubs9 = São Paulo | caps9 = | goals9 = | years10 = 1933 | clubs10 = Atlético Mineiro | caps10 = | goals10 = | years11 = 1933–1935 | clubs11 = São Paulo | caps11 = | goals11 = | years12 = 1935 | clubs12 = Flamengo | caps12 = | goals12 = | nationalyears1 = 1914–1925 | nationalteam1 = Brazil | nationalcaps1 = 23 | nationalgoals1 = 10 | totalcaps = 1229 |totalgoals = 1329[1] }}Arthur Friedenreich (18 July 1892 – 6 September 1969) was a Brazilian footballer, who played as a forward. Nicknamed The Tiger, he was arguably the sport's first outstanding mixed race player. He played when Brazilian football was still amateur, that lasted until 1933, and he is occasionally stated as one of the all-time top scorers in football history, although this is highly disputable.[2] BiographyFriedenreich was born in São Paulo to Oscar Friedenreich, a German businessman whose father immigrated to Brazil, and Mathilde, an African Brazilian washerwoman and the daughter of freed slaves. Friedenreich was the first professional football player of Afro-Brazilian origin, because at that time football was dominated by Whites and Blacks were not accepted. He faced many barriers because of racism, and he could not attend the same places where white players were, such as swimming pools, tennis courts and parties.[2] He started his career influenced by his father, playing for SC Germânia, a Brazilian football team composed of German immigrants. After playing with a succession of São Paulo club sides from 1910 onwards, Friedenreich made his debut with the national team in 1914. He played twenty-two internationals, including wins in the 1919 and 1922 editions of the South American Championship, scoring ten goals. On Brazil's 1925 tour of Europe, he was feted as the King of Football. He was not picked by Brazil for the 1930 FIFA World Cup because there was a serious misunderstanding between the football Leagues of the States of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo; only players from Rio travelled. São Paulo stars, like him (who was 38 years old), Filó (who would be 1934 FIFA World Cup champion with Italy) and Feitiço, did not go to Uruguay. After footballIn the 1930s, Brazilian football was beginning the process of professionalization, and in 1933 it became reality. Friedenreich was against the professionalization of football in the country. Outraged, he refused to continue playing football, and retired playing for Flamengo at 43 years old. His last match was against Fluminense on 21 July 1935 (the game ended in a 2–2 draw; he didn't score that day). Then he started working in a liquor company and retired while there. He lived in a house ceded by São Paulo football club until he died on 6 September 1969 at 77 years old. Posthumous tributesThere is a park in the Vila Alpina neighborhood, on the east side of São Paulo, with his name. The park, located at the beginning of Francisco Falconi avenue, is one the biggest of the region. Still on the east side of São Paulo, there is a street with his name. In Rio de Janeiro, there is a school with his name, located within the sports complex of Maracanã, near the main entrance, on the left of Bellini statue. Controversy in the number of goalsThe exact number of goals that Friedenreich has scored is unknown, due to lack of documentation. There is not a proper number that could be the number of goals he scored, only a few supposed numbers that have come up over the years. The most famous supposed number of goals is 1329, that Friedenreich would have scored in 1229 matches, however this supposition is false, was nothing more than a misunderstanding and lacking of criteria of the Brazilian sports journalist Adriano Neiva da Motta e Silva, known as De Vaney. This mess started with the father of Friedenreich, Oscar Friedenreich, that noted the goals his son scored since the beginning of his career in a little book, and in 1918 this assignment was given to the forward Mário de Andrada, a friend from Friedenreich, that followed his trajectory for more 17 years, recording details of matches until the end of Friedenreich career. And in 1962, Mário de Andrada said to De Vaney he had the files of all Friedenreich matches, that would prove he scored 1229 goals in 1329 matches, however Andrada died before showing the files to De Vaney. Even without proving these files, De Vaney decided to published them, but wrongly he reversed the numbers, becoming 1329 goals scored in 1229 matches. This statistic, however, gained consistency, and ended up circulating around the world. Some Supposed NumbersBetween 1909 and 1935
As the wrong statistic of the 1329 goals in 1229 matches circulated the world, Alexandre da Costa checked the files of all Friedenreich games using at least two newspapers, "Correio Paulistano" and "O Estado de S. Paulo", and ended up with two surprising numbers: 554 goals in 561 matches. In "Fried Versus Pelé"(Orlando Duarte e Severino Filho), published weeks later of "O Tigre do Futebol", the journalist Severino Filho ends up with another numbers: 558 goals in 562 matches. "There isn't statistical survey that can't be improved", writes the author of "O Tigre do Futebol", and he is right. Even today, with the resources available, the discrepancies proceed by three facts: the first one is because many of the matches that were found did not have the score and consequently who scored the goals, the second one is that in a clearly amateur football of the time, the matches were, sometimes, daily, with a different duration, and the third one is that Friedenreich played a lot of "combined" matches of two or more teams, something common at the time, and many of those matches do not have the record of the score and who scored the goals. Playing recordClubs
*) just for one match. clubs with "?" are not definitively identified. Top scorerHe was top scorer of the Liga Paulista in the following years:[5]
Because of the internal quarrels and the ensuing split of the league into the LPF and APEA he had to share the top scorer title with the following players in the following years:[5]
HonoursClub
International
Individual
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-career-goals-(football)/|title=Most career goals (football)|publisher=}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Curi |first=Martin |date=2014 |title=Arthur Friedenreich (1892–1969): a Brazilian biography |journal=Soccer & Society |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=19–28 |doi=10.1080/14660970.2013.854540 }} 3. ^Gustavo Poli; Lédio Carmona. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rG3WkuElytcC&pg=RA1-PA1806 Almanaque Do Futebol]. Casa da Palavra; 2006. {{ISBN|978-85-7734-002-6}}. Cap. Grandes craques, item Arthur Friedenreich 4. ^Editora Abril. [https://books.google.com/books?id=I-puCOOKg28C&pg=PT85 Placar Magazine]. Editora Abril; June 1999. p. 91. 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/especial/2008/campeonatopaulista/artilheiros_da_historia.shtml |title=Campeonato Paulista: Artilheiros da história |date=11 February 2008 |website=Folha Online |accessdate=10 July 2014}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/iffhs-century.html|title=IFFHS' Century Elections|website=www.rsssf.com}} External links{{Navboxes colour|title=Brazil squads |bg= #FBEC5D |fg= #008000 |list1={{Brazil squad 1916 South American Championship}}{{Brazil squad 1919 South American Championship}}{{Brazil squad 1922 South American Championship}}{{Brazil squad 1925 South American Championship}} }}{{Copa America top scorers}}{{Copa America MVP}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Friedenreich, Arthur}} 10 : 1892 births|1969 deaths|Sportspeople from São Paulo|Brazilian footballers|São Paulo FC players|Clube de Regatas do Flamengo footballers|Brazilian people of German descent|Copa América-winning players|Brazil international footballers|Association football forwards |
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