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词条 Gangalal Shrestha
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Political career

  3. Martyrdom

  4. Legacy

  5. See also

  6. External links

  7. References

{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}Ganga Lal Shrestha (Devanagari: गंगालाल श्रेष्ठ) (1919 – 28 January 1941) was a Nepalese revolutionary who was executed by the autocratic Rana regime. He is honoured as one of the four martyrs of the Nepalese revolution. He was a member of the clandestine political organisation named Nepal Praja Parishad that started a movement in 1939 to remove the Rana oligarchy and establish democracy in Nepal.[1]

Early life

Ganga Lal was born to father Bhakta Lal and mother Mohani kumari Shrestha in a well-to-do family. His father Bhakta Lal worked for the government and was stationed in Ramechhap where he was the chief of the Revenue Office. After returning to Kathmandu, he renounced his share of the ancestral property at Chhetrapati, and bought a house in Pyaphal next to Kathmandu Durbar Square. Ganga Lal lived in this house with his family and wife Hasana Devi (1918–2011).[2][3]

Ganga Lal went to Kolkata with his uncle to study. Returning to Kathmandu, he enrolled in Durbar High School. He is believed to have been an intelligent student and secured first division in the Matriculation examination. After the examination, he was admitted to Trichandra College where he studied science.

Political career

Ganga Lal was an excellent orator. He was an active member of organisations that sought to oust the Ranas and establish democracy in Nepal. He had been a member of Mahabir School, whose aim was to fill the students with patriotic feelings. He was arrested briefly in 1939 for giving a lecture on s in Asan, Kathmandu. After he met Dashrath Chand, he became involved in Nepal Praja Parishad and its activities.

Martyrdom

The secret Nepal Praja Parishad was exposed by one Ramji Joshi in return for a cash reward of Rs. 5,000. This led to the arrest of many of its members on 18 October 1940. On 19 January 1941, the Ranas sentenced Ganga Lal, Dashrath Chand, Dharma Bhakta Mathema and Shukra Raj Shastri (although he was not involved in Praja Parishad), to death. On 28 January 1941, Ganga Lal was taken to Shobha Bhagwati on the bank of the Bishnumati River where he was shot dead along with Chand by Nara Shumsher Rana. The other two, Mathema and Shastri, were hanged.[4]

Ganga Lal was allowed one last meeting with his family the day before he was executed. They went to the jail and he was brought out from his cell with hands and feet shackled. The emotional reunion stirred his youngest brother Pushpa Lal Shrestha to dedicate himself to fight for democracy and equality. In 1949, he founded the Communist Party of Nepal which played a key role in removing the Ranas.[5]

The Rana dynasty was eventually overthrown in February 1951, and democracy was established in Nepal.[6] The Ranas ruled Nepal from 1846 until 1951. During this time, the Shah king was reduced to a figurehead and the prime minister and other government positions were hereditary. Jang Bahadur Rana established the Rana dynasty in 1846 by masterminding the Kot massacre in which about 40 members of the nobility including the prime minister and a relative of the king were murdered. Tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation and religious persecution characterised Rana rule. This 104-years of Rana regime has been called as one of the darkest periods of Nepalese history.[7][8]

Legacy

Ganga Lal is remembered as one of the four martyrs of the revolution that brought down the Rana regime. Every year on 30 January, Nepal celebrates Martyrs' Day to honour them.

In 1965, Nepal's Postal Services Department issued a commemorative postage stamp featuring the portraits of the four martyrs.[9] Ganga Path, a road in central Kathmandu, has been named after him.[10] Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center is a specialist hospital in Kathmandu.[11] Ganga Lal's statue is installed on Shahid Gate, a monument to the martyrs of Nepal.

See also

  • About Martyrs of nepal
  • Dashrath Chand
  • Dharma Bhakta Mathema
  • Shukraraj Shastri
  • Nepal Praja Parishad

External links

  • Martyrs of Nepal
  • [https://livemandu.com/5301/ प्रजातन्त्र छिप्पींदै गयो , शहिदहरु भूलिँदै गए]

References

1. ^{{cite book |first= Viśvarāma Bhakta |last= Māthemā |year=1998 |title= Nepal struggling for democracy: Big four the martyrs: their revolutionary stand | publisher= Chanchala Mathema |url= https://books.google.com.np/books?ei=xcMrUsCnBYmVrAeq-ICoDw&id=93huAAAAMAAJ&dq=gangalal+shrestha&q=gangalal+shrestha |isbn= |pages=55–56}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.houseofbhaktalal.com/single.php?c=37&n=39 |title=Ganga Lal's last day with his family |last=Shrestha |first=Bijaya Lal |date= |website=House of Bhakta Lal |accessdate=5 September 2013}}
3. ^{{cite news|last=|first=|title= Martyr Gangalal's widow dies at 93 |url= http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Martyr+Gangalal's+widow+no+more&NewsID=279797 |accessdate=3 September 2013|newspaper=The Himalayan Times |date=13 March 2011}}
4. ^{{cite book |last1=Fisher |first1= James F. |last2= Acharya |first2= Tanka Prasad |last3= Acharya |first3= Rewanta Kumari |year=1997 |title= Living martyrs: Individuals and revolution in Nepal | publisher= Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com.np/books?ei=vbooUqnuGsznrAerp4EY&id=00puAAAAMAAJ&dq=living+martyrs&q=ganga+lal |isbn=9780195640007 |page=104}}
5. ^{{cite news|last=RRS |first= |title=Biography of a Communist |url=http://www.gorkhapatra.org.np/gopa.detail.php?article_id=67262&cat_id=10 |accessdate=6 September 2013 |newspaper=The Rising Nepal |year= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113180735/http://www.gorkhapatra.org.np/gopa.detail.php?article_id=67262&cat_id=10 |archivedate=13 January 2014 |df=dmy }}
6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nepalresearch.com/history/background/revolution_1950.htm |title= The Revolution of 1950/51 |last= Kraemer |first= Karl-Heinz |date= |website= |publisher= Nepal Research |accessdate=17 August 2013}}
7. ^{{cite news|last=Dietrich|first=Angela|title=Buddhist Monks and Rana Rulers: A History of Persecution|url=http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BH/bh117536.htm |accessdate=3 September 2011|newspaper=Buddhist Himalaya: A Journal of Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods|year=1996}}
8. ^{{cite news|last= Lal |first=C. K.|title= The Rana resonance |url= http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=8741 |accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper= Nepali Times |date=16 February 2001}}
9. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.rajan.com/stamps/st1965.htm |title=List of Nepali Postage Stamps Issued |author= |date= |website=Postage Stamps of Nepal |publisher= |accessdate=4 September 2013}}
10. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=19/27.70373/85.30834 |title= OpenStreetMap |author= |date= |website= OpenStreetMap |publisher= |accessdate=4 September 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.sgnhc.org.np/history.htm |title= Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre |author= |date= |website= |publisher= |accessdate=8 September 2013}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shrestha, Ganga Lal}}

7 : 1919 births|1941 deaths|Nepalese rebels|Martyrs|Newar|People executed by Nepal by firearm|Executed Nepalese people
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