| 词条 | Robert Olen Butler |
| 释义 |
| name = Robert Olen Butler | image =Robert Olen Butler 2016.jpg | imagesize =200px | caption =Robert Olen Butler at the 2016 Texas Book Festival. | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|1|20}} | birth_place = Granite City, Illinois | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Novelist, short fiction writer | nationality = United States | period = 1981–present | genre = | subject = | movement = Magical realism | notableworks = A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain, Tabloid Dreams | influenced = | signature = | website = }}Robert Olen Butler (born January 20, 1945) is an American fiction writer. His short-story collection A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1993.[1] Early lifeButler was born in Granite City, Illinois, to Robert Olen Butler Sr., an actor and theater professor who became the chairman of the theater department of Saint Louis University, and his wife, the former Lucille Frances Hall, an executive secretary.[2] Butler attended Northwestern University as a theater major (BS, 1967) and switched to playwriting at the University of Iowa (MA, 1969). Butler served in Vietnam from 1969 to 1971, first as a counter-intelligence special agent for the Army and later as a translator. He rose to the rank of sergeant in the Army Military Intelligence Corps. His experiences during that period have informed his writings, and as a result, in 1987 Butler received the Tu Do Chinh Kien Award from the Vietnam Veterans of America for outstanding contributions to American culture by a veteran. "My greatest pleasure in life was at 2 in the morning to wander out into the steamy back alleys of Saigon, where nobody ever seemed to sleep, and just walk the alleys and crouch in the doorways with the people," Butler told The New York Times in 1993. "The Vietnamese were the warmest, most open and welcoming people I've ever met, and they just invited me into their homes and into their culture and into their lives."[3] After working as a steel mill laborer, a taxi driver, and a substitute teacher in high schools in the years following his tour of duty in Vietnam, Butler joined Fairchild Publications, where he worked on the staffs of trade publications such as Electronic News. From 1975 until 1985, he was the editor-in-chief of Fairchild's Energy User News (now Energy & Power Management).[4] Literary careerRobert Olen Butler is the author of 12 novels and six short story collections, including A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain, which won the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. In a review for the Guardian newspaper, renowned author Claire Messud wrote, "The book has attracted such acclaim not simply because it is beautifully and powerfully written, but because it convincingly pulls off an immense imaginative risk. . . . Butler has not entered the significant and ever-growing canon of Vietnam-related fiction (he has long been a member)—he has changed its composition forever."[5] Butler began writing novels on the Long Island Railroad while working as a publicist for Fairchild Publications. "Every word of my first four published novels was written on a legal pad, by hand, on my lap, on the Long Island Rail Road as I commuted back and forth from Sea Cliff to Manhattan," Butler has said about his early writing.[6] The author's first novel was The Alleys of Eden, which was published in 1981 by Horizon Press after being rejected by 21 publishers.[6] Its protagonist is an American deserter who decides to stay in Vietnam, as Butler's one-time writing professor Anatole Broyard wrote in The New York Times, "because, with all its troubles, Vietnam seems to him to retain more of its integrity, its sense of self, than the America he has left behind."[7] Prior to the publication of The Alleys of Eden, Butler had written, by his estimation, "five ghastly novels, about forty dreadful short stories, and twelve truly awful full-length plays, all of which have never seen the light of day and never will."[6] Butler has always been a controversial artist, seemingly reinventing himself with each new novel or short story collection. His shape-shifting often polarizes reviewers, as was the case with Butler's second novel Sun Dogs (Horizon, 1983), which The New York Times described as having "some powerful moments, some engrossing scenes and deft touches, but there is little momentum, no satisfying pattern, none of the magic of synergy."[7] Conversely, the Ft. Worth Star-Telegram lauded the book as "full of power and energy...mov[ing] from the most feverish of prose to a flatness and sparseness that is reminiscent of the best of Chandler and Hammett. And most importantly, he has something to say... Butler is an intelligent novelist who cares about his characters. He is skillful enough to make the reader feel the same way. It is not often that we get the chance to witness the birth of something this important."[8] Butler's stories have appeared in such publications as The New Yorker, Esquire, Harper's, The Atlantic Monthly, GQ, and All-Story. He has had stories included in a combined twelve editions of The Best American Short Stories, New Stories From the South, and numerous college literature textbooks. Butler has also written screenplays for film and television, most of them based on other writers' material.[9] Butler's short-story collections Tabloid Dreams (1996) and Had a Good Time (2004) take their inspiration from popular culture. The stories in Tabloid Dreams were spun from the titles of outlandish articles in supermarket tabloids. Had a Good Time builds its narratives around the images on vintage American picture postcards, which Butler has collected for more than a decade. One example is the tale "Mother in the Trenches", first published in Harper's in February 2003.[10] It traces the journey of Mrs. Jack Gaines, a prosperous matron, from her comfortable home to the battlefields of World War I France, in order to convince her soldier son to come home; the story's basis is a period postcard that depicts a stout, middle-aged woman wearing dark clothes and a cloche hat. Again the critical response varied dramatically. While the San Francisco Chronicle said that the stories "feel like a literary parlor game,"[11] The Boston Globe raved that it was full of "crisp writing, marvelous imagining, the discussion of large, existential questions that are as central to life now as they were a hundred years ago."[12] Severance, his 2006 collection of 240-word short stories about the post-beheading thoughts of decapitated individuals (from Nicole Brown Simpson to Louis XVI to the author himself) was the basis of Severance, a one-act play by David Jette. It was produced in 2007 at McCadden Place Theatre in Los Angeles. At the time, Butler described Severance as his best and most ambitious book.[13]This was the first of an extended venture into defining and exploring the short short story form. His companion collection, Intercourse, comprising 100 very short stories, revealed the inner monologues of couples (often famous) engaged in sexual intercourse. Weegee Stories, presenting the inner monologues of the subjects of 60 iconic photographs of Arthur "Weegee" Fellig, continued his interest in the form. He also published a theory of the short short story in Narrative Magazine.[14] As further evidence of his predilection for self-reinvention, in 2009 he published Hell, a "roaring satire"[15] of a novel set entirely in the underworld. His 2011 novel, A Small Hotel, is described by Donna Seaman of Booklist, the American Library Association's magazine, as a "sexy novel of psychological suspense." She goes on to say, "Butler executes a plot twist of profound proportions in this gorgeously controlled, unnerving, and beautifully revealing tale of the consequences of emotional withholding."[15] In still another act of reinvention, Butler publishes his first literary/historical/espionage/thriller, The Hot Country, with Otto Penzler's Mysterious Press in the fall of 2012. In 2001, Butler wrote in real-time, a complete short story, "This is Earl Sandt," from first inspiration to final story, in a webcast of 17 two-hour sessions. As the author explained of the broadcasts, "What we're trying to do here is reproduce for you what is normally hidden behind the veil of private life.".[16] The webcasts, under its webcast title of "Inside Creative Writing," have become a popular download on iTunes. Butler taught creative writing from 1985 to 2000 at McNeese State University in Lake Charles, Louisiana, with his colleague John Wood, to whom he dedicated A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain. He then joined the faculty of Florida State University as a Francis Eppes Distinguished Professor, holding the Michael Shaara Chair in Creative Writing, where he currently teaches. Awards and honorsButler is a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship in fiction and a National Endowment for the Arts grant, and was a finalist for the PEN/Faulkner Award. In 2001 he won a National Magazine Award for "Fair Warning," a short story that was published in the journal Zoetrope: All-Story, and, four years later, he won another National Magazine Award for "The One in White," a short story published in The Atlantic Monthly. In 1993, his first story collection, A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain, won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. The New York Times praised the book's "startling, dreamlike"[17] stories about the lives of Vietnamese immigrants living in Louisiana, and said it was "remarkable not for its flaws, but for how beautifully it achieves its daring project of making the Vietnamese real."[18] The Pulitzer committee said that the stories "raise the literature of the Vietnam conflict to an original and highly personal new level."[19] Butler also judged the annual Robert Olen Butler Prize, a short-fiction award founded and sponsored by Del Sol Press, with the most recent prize being awarded in 2010.[20] He also judges The Southeast Review's short-short story contest.[21]
MarriagesOn August 10, 1968, Butler married Carol Supplee. They divorced in January 1972.[22] On July 1, 1972, Butler married poet Marylin Geller (now known professionally as Marylin Krepf).[23] On July 21, 1987, Butler married Maureen Donlan. They divorced in March 1995.[22] On April 23, 1995, at Tavern on the Green restaurant in New York City, Butler married the novelist and playwright Elizabeth Dewberry (born September 7, 1962).[24] The couple ended their marriage in July 2007 (The Washington Post reported that they were officially divorced on July 19), according to e-mail Butler sent to his graduate students and fellow professors at Florida State University regarding Dewberry's decision to leave him for communications mogul Ted Turner.[25] A controversy arose over the highly personal revelations contained within Butler's e-mail, which was leaked by one of its recipients and subsequently reported on by major international media outlets, such as The Washington Post, The New York Times, and National Public Radio. On November 22, 2011, Butler married Kelly Lee Daniels, now known professionally as Kelly Lee Butler. BibliographyNovels
Short story collections
Non-fiction
Anthologies
Other publications
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |last = |first = |title =The Pulitzer Prizes |url =http://www.pulitzer.org/ |accessdate = }} 2. ^{{cite web |title =Robert Olen Butler Writings, 1980-2004 |publisher =FSU Special Collections, Archives & Manuscripts |date = |url =http://fsuarchon.fcla.edu/index.php?p=collections/findingaid&id=3753 |accessdate = }} 3. ^Peter Applebome, "An Author Catapulted into the Foreground," The New York Times, April 20, 1993 4. ^It is now a publication of BNP Media. 5. ^{{cite news|last=Messud|first=Claire|title=Voices of Vietnam|newspaper=Guardian (London)|date=June 9, 1993}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |last = Weich |first =Dave |title =Robert Olen Butler Plays with Voices |work = |publisher =Powells.com Interviews |date=March 2000 |url =http://www.powells.com/authors/butler.html |accessdate = }} 7. ^1 {{cite news |last = Broyard |first =Anatole |title =THE ALLEYS OF EDEN; By Robert Olen Butler (review) |work =Books of the Times |publisher =The New York Times |date =November 11, 1981 |url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E5D71E39F932A25752C1A967948260 |accessdate = }} 8. ^{{cite news|last=Reed|first=Ronald|title=Now See What He's Done for an Encore|newspaper=Ft. Worth Star-Telegram|date=November 14, 1982}} 9. ^{{cite web |last = Murphy |first =Jessica |title =Faraway Voices (interview) |work = |publisher =The Atlantic Online |date =June 14, 2004 |url =https://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/unbound/interviews/int2004-06-14.htm |accessdate = }} 10. ^Butler. {{cite web|url= http://www.harpers.org/archive/2003/02/0079484|date=February 2003|accessdate= 2007-08-04|title= Mother in the Trenches|work= Harper's Magazine}} 11. ^Freeman, John. {{cite news|url= http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/a/2004/08/22/RVGH889K2R1.DTL|date= August 22, 2004|accessdate= 2007-08-04|title= Faces look out from postcards to inspire stories|work= The San Francisco Chronicle | first=John | last=Freeman}} 12. ^{{cite news|last=Merullo|first=Roland|title=A Past's Captured Souls|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=August 22, 2004}} 13. ^{{cite web |last = Anderson |first =Jeffrey M., |title =Why I write: Robert Olen Butler |work = |publisher =The Examiner |date =September 30, 2006 |url =http://www.sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/why-i-write-robert-olen-butler/Content?oid=2158145 |accessdate = }} 14. ^{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Robert Olen|title=A Short Short Theory|url=http://www.narrativemagazine.com/issues/spring-2009/short-short-theory}} 15. ^1 {{cite news|last=Seaman|first=Donna|title=Review|newspaper=Booklist|date=March 15, 2011}} 16. ^{{cite news |last = Freeman |first =John |title =Faces look out from postcards to inspire stories |work = |publisher =San Francisco Chronicle |date =August 22, 2004 |url =http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/a/2004/08/22/RVGH889K2R1.DTL |accessdate = }} 17. ^{{Cite news |last = Applebome |first =Peter |author-link = |title =An Author Catapulted into the Foreground |newspaper =The New York Times |date = April 20, 1993 |url = |postscript = }} 18. ^{{Cite news |last =Packer |first =George |author-link = |title =From the Mekong to the Bayous |newspaper =The New York Times |date =June 7, 1992 |url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEFDB1030F934A35755C0A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |postscript =}} 19. ^{{Cite news |last = |first = |author-link = |title =Winners of the 1993 Pulitzer Prizes for Journalism, Literature, and the Arts |newspaper =The New York Times |date = April 14, 1993 |url = |postscript = }} 20. ^{{cite web |last = |first = |title =The Robert Olen Butler Short Fiction Prize |publisher = Del Sol Press |date = |url =http://www.delsolpress.org/dsp-fictionprizewinners.htm |accessdate = }} 21. ^{{cite web |last = |first = |title =2013 Contests |publisher = The Southeaster Review |date = |url =http://southeastreview.org/contests.html |accessdate = }} 22. ^1 Who's Who in America 2006 23. ^{{Cite news |last = Jason |first =Philip K. |title =Poets-in-law share rhyme and reason |newspaper =Naples Sun Times |date =September 13, 2006 |url =http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17191753&BRD=2605&PAG=461&dept_id=581759&rfi=6 |postscript = }} 24. ^{{Cite news |last = Brady |first =Lois Smith |title =Vows: Robert O. Butler, Elizabeth Dewberry |newspaper =The New York Times |date =May 7, 1995 |url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE3DE143BF934A35756C0A963958260 |postscript = }} 25. ^{{cite web |last = |first = |title =Elizabeth Dewberry Left Robert Olen Butler To Join Ted Turner's Collection |publisher =Gawker.com |date = July 31, 2007 |url =http://gawker.com/news/money-changes-everything/elizabeth-dewberry-left-robert-olen-butler-to-join-ted-turners-collection-284346.php |accessdate = }} 26. ^{{cite web |title= Hell by Robert Olen Butler|url= http://www.groveatlantic.com/grove/bin/wc.dll?GroveProc~book~4173|year= 2009|work= Grove Press |publisher= Grove/Atlantic, Inc. |accessdate=2009-06-22}} 27. ^{{cite web |title= Perfume River: A Novel by Robert Olen Butler|url= http://www.groveatlantic.com/?isbn=9780802125750|year= 2016|work= Atlantic Monthly Press |publisher= Grove/Atlantic, Inc. |accessdate=2017-04-17}} External links{{Commons category}}
24 : 1945 births|Living people|20th-century American novelists|21st-century American novelists|American male novelists|American army personnel of the Vietnam War|Writers of books about writing fiction|Florida State University faculty|McNeese State University faculty|Northwestern University School of Communication alumni|People from Granite City, Illinois|Writers from Lake Charles, Louisiana|Writers from Tallahassee, Florida|Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners|University of Iowa alumni|Novelists from Illinois|Guggenheim Fellows|American male short story writers|People from Sea Cliff, New York|20th-century American short story writers|21st-century American short story writers|PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction winners|Novelists from Florida|Novelists from Louisiana |
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