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词条 Hill Street, London
释义

  1. Development and architecture

  2. Literary associations

  3. Fashionable street

  4. References

{{About|the street in Mayfair|other Hill Streets |Hill Street (disambiguation){{!}}Hill Street}}{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}

Hill Street is a street in the central Mayfair district of London which runs southwest from Berkeley Square towards Park Lane. It was developed from farmland in the 18th century[3] and was named after a small hill there. It became a fashionable street in the 18th century and was home to a number of lords. The street contains several Grade I and Grade II listed buildings.

Development and architecture

The street was developed in the 1740s by John Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley of Stratton. When John Rocque mapped London in 1746, the development was in progress and so the streets on that side of Berkeley Square were shown only in outline. The area had previously been farmland, and Hill Street crosses Farm Street. Hill Street was named after a rise in the ground, with Hay Hill being another street nearby.[4]

Architects included Benjamin Timbrell, who designed numbers 17 and 19 c.1748,[5] and Oliver Hill, who worked on number 15 in the 1920s.[5]

Claud Phillimore refurbished number 35 for Lady Astor in the late 1940s. This had six storeys and a basement to provide both a grand and comfortable residence. Lady Astor's personal living room – "the Boudoir" – had walls decorated with blue satin.[6]

Many of the houses on Hill Street are listed buildings. 1 and 3,[7] 7,[8] 8,[9] 9,[10] 10,[11] 11,[12] 20,[13] 22,[14] 25,[15] 26,[16] 29,[17] 31,[18] 33,[19] 35,[20] 36,[21] 38,[22] 40,[23] and 42 and 44 Hill Street are listed Grade II.[24]

17 Hill Street is listed Grade I and 19 is listed Grade II*.[25][26]

Literary associations

{{quote box|width=35%|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|fontsize=100%|source=Doctor Johnson and the Fair Sex: A Study of Contrasts, W. H. Craig, 1895 |title=Mrs. Montagu's Room of Cupidons |quote=Before the palace in Portman Square was built she had lived in Hill Street, Mayfair, her rooms in which are thus depicted by the last-named writer the date being 1773, when Mrs. Montagu was fifty-seven. "If I had paper and time I could entertain you with the account of Mrs. M.'s Room of Cupidons, which was opened with an assembly for all the foreigners, the literati, and the macaronis of the present age. Many and sly are the observations. How such a genius, at her age, and so circumstanced (Mr. M. had recently taken his upward flight), could think of painting the walls of her dressing-room with bowers of roses and jessamines entirely inhabited by little cupids in all their little wanton ways, is astonishing." }}Mrs. Montagu hosted a literary salon at her new house in Hill Street. Her circle was known as the Blue Stockings Society and Doctor Johnson called her the "Queen of the Blues".[28] Other luminaries who attended her gatherings included Edmund Burke, David Garrick, Joshua Reynolds and Horace Walpole.[27]

In Jane Austen's novel Mansfield Park, Henry and Mary Crawford's uncle is an admiral living in Hill Street.[28] Sir Walter Scott's novel Waverley was published at the same time. In this, the hero's father is a Whig politician who lives in Hill Street.[29]

In Thackeray's Vanity Fair, several characters live on Great Gaunt Street or the adjoining Gaunt Square, including Sir Pitt Crawley and Lord and Lady Steyne. This fictional street was based upon Hill Street.[30] In addition, Lady Bareacres lives on the actual Hill Street.

Evelyn Waugh satirised Mayfair decadence in his novel Vile Bodies. In this, Hill Street was the location of the fictional Pastmaster House – "the William and Mary mansion of Lord and Lady Metroland with a magnificent ballroom, 'by universal consent the most beautiful building between Bond Street and Park Lane'".[31]

The bright young thing society novelist Nancy Mitford stayed at number 40 in 1955.[32]

Fashionable street

The new housing was fashionable in the 18th and 19th centuries, and notable residents of Hill Street have included:

  • Lord Barrymore at number 20[35]
  • Lord Brougham at number 5[35]
  • Admiral Byng in 1756;[35][40] in 1757 he was sentenced to death and shot for losing Minorca in the Seven Years' War.[36]
  • Lord Chief Justice Camden died here in 1794.[35][40]
  • Lord Morpeth, 7th Earl of Carlisle was born here in 1802.[35][40]
  • Lord Colborne lived at number 19 where he collected paintings.[40]
  • Countess of Darnley at number 21[35]
  • Admiral Philip Durham at number 9[35]
  • Master of the Rolls, Sir William Grant lived at number 21.[40]
  • Lord Hindlip at number 33[35]
  • Sir Abraham Hume, 1st Baronet and his son the 2nd Baronet lived at numbers 17, 19 and 29.[37][40]
  • Lord Londesborough[35]
  • Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord Lyttelton and his wicked son Thomas.[35][38]
  • The Mackintosh of Mackintosh at number 8[35]
  • Earl of Malmesbury died at number 21 in 1820.[35][38]
  • Philip Metcalfe, distiller and patron of the arts, lived at number 20.[38]
  • Mrs. Montagu held literary parties here.[3][35][38]
  • Lord Revelstoke at number 26[35]
  • Countess of Roden at number 27[35]
  • Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise at number 41[35]
  • Lord de Tabley collected and exhibited paintings and sculptures of the English school at number 24.[38]
  • Marquess of Tweeddale at number 6[35]
  • Lady Vane, the adulteress whose memoirs appeared in The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, died here in 1788.[35][38]
  • Sir Charles Welby at number 34[35]
  • Whig politician William Windham lived at number 20.[38]
  • Lord Westbury at number 30[35]
  • Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley, field marshal, at number 6[39]

References

1. ^{{citation |url=http://www.shepherdneame.co.uk/pubs/london/coach-horses |publisher=Shepherd Neame |title=Coach & Horses, London}}
2. ^{{NHLE |num=1357097 |desc=Coach and Horses public house |date=1 December 1987|accessdate=12 October 2013}}
3. ^1 {{citation |title=A Great and Monstrous Thing: London in the eighteenth century |author=Jerry White |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780674076402|pages=31,107}}
4. ^{{citation |chapter=Berkeley Square and its neighbourhood |title=Old and New London |volume= Vol. 4 |year=1878 |pages=326–338 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45201 |author=Edward Walford}}
5. ^{{citation |page=26 |title=The Lost Mansions of Mayfair |author=Oliver Bradbury |year=2008 |isbn=9781905286232}}
6. ^{{citation |page=316 | title=Nancy: The Story of Lady Astor |author=Adrian Fort |publisher=Random House |year=2012 |isbn=9780224090162}}
7. ^{{NHLE|num=1278328|desc=1 and 3 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
8. ^{{NHLE|num=1231000|desc=7 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
9. ^{{NHLE|num=1066628|desc=8 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
10. ^{{NHLE|num=1066658|desc=9 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
11. ^{{NHLE|num=1066629|desc=10 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
12. ^{{NHLE|num=1248394|desc=11 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
13. ^{{NHLE|num=1066630|desc=20 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
14. ^{{NHLE|num=1357121|desc=22 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
15. ^{{NHLE|num=1066623|desc=25 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
16. ^{{NHLE|num=1278284|desc=26 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
17. ^{{NHLE|num=1066624|desc=29 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
18. ^{{NHLE|num=1066625|desc=31 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
19. ^{{NHLE|num=1066626|desc=33 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
20. ^{{NHLE|num=1066627|desc=35 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
21. ^{{NHLE|num=1066631|desc=36 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
22. ^{{NHLE|num=1278289|desc=38 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
23. ^{{NHLE|num=1357122|desc=40 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
24. ^{{NHLE|num=1231091|desc=42 and 44 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
25. ^{{NHLE|num=1066622|desc=17 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
26. ^{{NHLE|num=1357120|desc=19 Hill Street, W1|access-date=20 March 2018|mode=cs2}}
27. ^1 {{citation |page=760 |title=The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2006 |isbn=9780521831796 |chapter=Elizabeth Montagu}}
28. ^{{citation |title=The Architectural Setting of Jane Austen's Novels |author=Nikolaus Pevsner |journal=Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes |volume=Vol. 31 |year=1968 |pages=404–422 |jstor=750649 |doi=10.2307/750649}}
29. ^{{citation |url=http://www.jasna.org/persuasions/printed/number28/wiltshire.pdf |journal=Persuasions |number=28 |page=86 |title=Exploring Mansfield Park: In the footsteps of Fanny Price |author=John Wiltshire |year=2003}}
30. ^{{citation |title=London: Being a Comprehensive Survey of the History, Tradition & Historical Associations of Buildings & Monuments, Arranged Under Streets in Alphabetical Order |author=George Hamilton Cunningham |publisher=J. M. Dent & Sons Limited |year=1927 |page=348 |chapter=Hill Street, Berkeley Square}}
31. ^{{citation |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/propertyadvice/propertymarket/3302744/Sly-smile-at-the-vile.html |title=Sly smile at the vile |journal=Daily Telegraph |date=29 May 2002 |author=Roger Wilkes}}
32. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-W0o1jVSU4C&pg=PA290&lpg=PA290 | title=The Mitfords: Letters between Six Sisters | publisher=HarperCollins | author=Mosley, Charlotte | year=2012 | page=290}}
33. ^{{NHLE|num=1066632|desc=Two bollards at North East and South East corners of junction with Chesterfield Hill, Hill Street W1 Mayfair|accessdate=13 October 2013}}
34. ^{{NHLE|num=1264577|desc=2 bollards at South East and South West corners of Hill Street intersection with South Audley Street W1|accessdate=13 October 2013}}
35. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 {{citation |title=Mayfair, Belgravia, and Bayswater |author=Geraldine Edith Mitton |isbn=9781465532039}}
36. ^{{cite book | last = Tute | first = Warren | title = The True Glory, The Story of the Royal Navy over a thousand years | publisher = Macdonald & Co | year = 1983 | pages = 81–83 | isbn = 0-356-10403-6 }}
37. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-210179-19-hill-street-w1-greater-london-authori | title=19, Hill Street W1, Westminster | publisher=British Listed Buildings | accessdate=10 October 2013}}
38. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{citation |chapter=Hill Street |page=215 |title=London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions |volume=Vol. 2 |author=Henry Benjamin Wheatley |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=9781108028073}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.owenandbarlow.com/pd_garnet_wolseley_1833-1913_autograph_letter_signed.cfm|title=Garnet Wolseley (1833-1913) Autograph Letter Signed|publisher=Owen and Barlow|accessdate=21 July 2014}}
{{coord|51|30|31|N|0|8|58|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}{{LB City of Westminster}}

2 : Streets in the City of Westminster|Mayfair
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