“Ash Ketchum”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Ash Ketchum, known as {{nihongo|Satoshi|サトシ}} in Japan, is a fictional character in the Pokémon franchise owned by Nintendo. He is the main protagonist of the Pokémon anime and certain manga series as well as on various merchandise related to the franchise. In Japanese, the character is voiced by Rica Matsumoto. In the English dub, he was voiced by Veronica Taylor from 1998 to 2006. Since the ninth season of the anime series, he is voiced by Sarah Natochenny for the remainder of the anime.

His English name is derived from the Japanese name (as the letters 'ash' are included in 'Satoshi') and his English motto, "Gotta Catch 'Em All". Ash's dream is to become a Pokémon Master. He is loosely based on Red, the player character from the Generation I games Pokémon Red, Green, Blue and Yellow as well as the Generation III games Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen versions. The character's first official appearance in a game was in Pokémon Puzzle League.

As the protagonist of the Pokémon anime, Ash has appeared in all episodes of the anime, all the films and several of the television specials.

Due to the huge popularity, success, and longevity of the Pokémon anime series around the world since its debut, Ash has gone on to become one of the most well-known and recognizable animated characters of all-time (due to his status as the protagonist of the Pokémon anime), though is often overshadowed in representation by the almost universally identifiable franchise mascot, Pikachu. He is now widely considered a figurehead character of the wave of anime in the late 90s; which is credited by most anime fans as having popularized anime in the west, alongside the likes of Goku of Dragon Ball Z and Sailor Moon of the show with the same name. He is also considered a major pop icon character for Japanese pop culture in the United States. Despite this, he has been largely criticized for being stuck in a 'floating timeline', as well as for his inability to win any major Pokémon leagues as of yet.

Ash's outfits through the anime,^[3] especially his various hats, are also considered to be just as iconic as him,^[4] and also have good reception,^[5]^[6] in particular, his first costume from the Original Series.

Concept and creation

Named after creator Satoshi Tajiri,^[7] Satoshi, whose name can be taken to mean "wisdom" or "reason", was designed by Ken Sugimori and Atsuko Nishida,^[7] and intended to represent how Tajiri was as a child, obsessed with catching bugs. During localization of both for North American audiences, the character's name was changed in the anime to "Ash Ketchum", the first name taken from one of the possible default names players could select for the player character in Pokémon Red and Blue, and the surname tying into the former tagline (and as of Pokémon XY revived) for the series, "Gotta catch 'em all!".^[8]

Tajiri noted in an interview that between Japanese and U.S. reactions to the series, Japanese consumers focused on the character Pikachu, while the U.S. purchased more items featuring Ash and Pikachu, his Pokémon, together. He stated that he felt the character represented the concept of the franchise, the human aspect, and was a necessity.^[9] The character was given a rival named Gary Oak (Shigeru Okido in the Japanese version, after Tajiri's idol/mentor, Nintendo legend Shigeru Miyamoto), loosely based on Red's rival Blue. In an interview Tajiri noted the contrast between the characters' relationship in the games and anime; while in the games they were rivals, in the anime, Shigeru represented Satoshi's master. When asked if either Satoshi would equal or surpass Shigeru, Tajiri replied "No! Never!"^[10] Ash's character design was initially overseen by Sayuri Ichishi, replaced by Toshiya Yamada during the Diamond and Pearl storyline arc. Ash received a redesign in the Best Wishes! series, which included larger brown irises. In the XY series, he received minor changes, such as a decrease in the size of the 'birthmarks' on his cheeks. Ash received a major design overhaul for the Sun and Moon anime series, which started airing in Japan on November 17, 2016.^[11]

Voice acting

In Japan throughout the anime media, Rica Matsumoto has always provided the original Japanese voice of Ash. For the English dubbing, Veronica Taylor provided the voice of Ash in the first eight seasons of the English adaption of the Pokémon anime, which was dubbed by 4Kids Entertainment. At the time of her audition, Taylor stated that the character was temporarily named Casey, which was the name later given to a recurring character in Johto. After the script was translated from Japanese, the lines were adapted to fit the movements of the character's mouth (called lip flap). All the voices were recorded separately, so Taylor was the only one in the booth when she recorded her lines, which took approximately six to eight hours per episode. Taylor was often the first person to record, so she had to "imagine how the previous line will be said". "Luckily, I work with a great director who helps with the interpretation of the line, matching of the lip flap, and consistency of the voice". Taylor enjoyed playing Ash because of his "low, husky voice" and "energy and excitement".^[12]

Taylor commented that Ash and the other characters "loosened up" after the first ten episodes of the anime; she believed the writers were more relaxed and no longer felt the pressure of making sure everything was done correctly. Taylor commented: "I enjoy playing Ash now much more than I did in the very beginning because I can have fun with him more, and we kind of know him and can work out how he really would react. We have the classic Ash responses and things like that."^[12] Sarah Natochenny replaced Taylor in season nine when The Pokémon Company International (known at that time as Pokémon USA) took over the licensing, prompting a shift in recording studios.^[13]

Appearances

Prior to the show

In episode 28 of the nineteenth season (Pokémon the Series: XYZ), 'Seeing the Forest for the Trees!,' It reveals the true story of why Ash Ketchum loved Pokémon, when Ash was a little boy, he went on a field trip. However, during the trip, it started to rain, and Ash got separated from his group. Ash was forced to take shelter under a hollow tree. However, he noticed a group of Pokémon who were also seeking shelter from the rain. So, he invited them inside the tree and the Pokémon kept him safe and warm.^[14] This experience is what inspired Ash into becoming a Pokémon trainer.

In episode 7 of the seventeenth season (XY series), 'Giving Chase at the Rhyhorn Race!,' it is also revealed that at some point in his childhood, Ash had attended a Pokémon Summer Camp, where he had previously met childhood friend Serena.^[15] At one point during the camp, Serena had hurt her knee from falling over after being startled by a Poliwag. Ash had used his handkerchief to wrap up her injury, which she had kept, and returns to Ash in this episode.

In the anime

The series starts with Ash's tenth birthday, which according to Pokémon trainer registration bylaws allowed him to become a full-fledged Pokémon trainer and obtain a starter Pokémon. As a ten-year-old hailing from Pallet Town in the Kanto region, Ash was offered a choice between three Pokémon as his starter: Bulbasaur, Squirtle and Charmander. While he was planning to choose Squirtle, he received the electric type Pokémon Pikachu from Professor Oak instead, because he woke up late and all the other starter Pokémon had been taken by other trainers. After receiving Pikachu and a Pokédex, Ash left Pallet Town to start his journey. Since then Ash has traveled the world of Pokémon, competed in many challenges, and caught newer Pokémon. He has met many companions, such as Misty and Brock.

Throughout the series, Ash's primary enemies are a criminal organization called Team Rocket, specifically the two comical and bumbling members, Jessie and James, and their talking Meowth, who is essentially the third member of the group. Ever since being defeated by Ash's Pikachu in the second episode, "Pokémon Emergency!", the three of them have obsessively never stopped chasing after them to steal Ash's Pikachu, maintaining the delusion that Pikachu is abnormally powerful and presenting it to their criminal boss would make them very rich. As the enduring comical villains of the series, the Team Rocket trio occasionally show signs of goodness, such as care and friendship with their Pokémon and each other, and despite their constant antagonism, they occasionally put their differences aside and work together with Ash against a common threat, such as in The Movie 2000, where they aid Ash in retrieving the three treasures in order to save the world.

During his travels, Ash still had a lot to learn as a trainer. He caught his Pokémon by merely befriending them, knew absolutely nothing about battling, and many of his gym badges were earned rather controversially. In fact, the only legitimate victories were over Lt. Surge, Koga, and Blaine, while the others were earned on technical convenience or given to him out of gratitude. Ash also shows a deep love for Pokémon in the series, protecting wild Pokémon or his own from getting injured or trying to help them, despite getting significantly hurt himself. He honed his skill as a Pokémon trainer and was able to get all 8 badges, enabling him to compete in the Indigo League. Ash was able to go to the 5th round, and achieve the Top 16 — one round further than his competitive rival Gary, who finished in the Top 32. However, due to his inexperience in handling his more powerful Pokémon, Ash was eliminated from his first Pokémon League competition in a very unflattering manner, which greatly disappointed him but he got over it and vowed to not make the same mistake in a league again.

Ash traveled to the Orange Islands with Misty and Tracey Sketchit, a Pokémon watcher, obtained all 4 badges, and competed in the Orange League to battle Drake, the Orange League Champion. Ash was able to win his battle against Drake, giving him his first League Championship as a Pokémon trainer. This particular Pokémon League exists only in the anime series, and not adapted from the video game series.

He then traveled on to the Johto region with Brock and Misty, hoping to meet with Gary and finally defeat him in the Johto League. He won 8 badges and competed in the Johto Conference. Ash beat Gary again, in the 1st round of the conference, and was able to make it to the quarter-finals, and achieve Top 8. However he lost against his new rival Harrison in the 2nd round. Ash then moved on and traveled through the Hoenn region, along with Brock and two new characters: May, an aspiring Pokémon coordinator, and her younger brother Max, and together they ended up bringing down the rival teams Team Magma and Team Aqua. He was able to get all 8 badges, and then competed in the Hoenn Conference. Ash was able to defeat his 1st new rival Morrison, in the 2nd round, also entering in the quarter-finals, and achieving Top 8 again. However he lost in the 3rd round against his 2nd new rival Tyson.

Having gone through several leagues and gotten a lot stronger, Ash decided to challenge the Kanto "Battle Frontier" and its 7 Brains (leaders). Ash defeated all of the Brains and acquired all the 7 Battle Frontier symbols, becoming a "Strong Battle Frontier champion" and qualifying for becoming a Frontier Brain himself. However, Ash, wanting to learn more about Pokémon and get even stronger, decided to continue his journey, not as a Frontier Brain, but as a trainer. However, having acquired all 7 symbols, he left with the privilege of becoming a Frontier Brain if and when he wants in the future.

Ash, along with Brock, traveled to Sinnoh, befriended a new traveling companion, Dawn, and also found a brutal new rival in Paul; and through their journey they encountered and defeated Team Galactic. Ash won all 8 Sinnoh gym badges and competed in the Sinnoh conference at the Lily of the Valley Island. He eventually faced Paul in the quarter-finals of the Sinnoh League Festival and finally defeated him, marking the first time Ash has ever made it into the semi-finals in a Pokémon League. Afterwards, however, Ash was matched against Tobias, a trainer who famously swept all eight Sinnoh League gyms and all other opponents with only his legendary Pokémon Darkrai. Ash was eventually defeated by Tobias, but not without having defeated his Darkrai, as well as his Latios, which is also a legendary Pokémon, whom Ash also defeated in a draw with his final Pokémon, making Ash the only known trainer to have defeated two of Tobias' legendary Pokémon, something that not even Tobias' opponent in the finals could achieve. Ash concluded his participation in the Sinnoh League with an impressive new ranking. He bade farewell with Dawn in Twinleaf Town, and parted ways with Brock for the last time.

Once again, Ash continued his journey to the Unova region, with only his Pikachu. Here, he met and traveled with two new companions: a female trainer named Iris, and a Pokémon Connoisseur named Cilan, who, like Brock before him, is a gym leader. Throughout Unova, Ash met and competed against more rivals than before, including Trip, Bianca, Stephan, Cameron, and Virgil, most of whom he befriended. Unlike previous seasons, Ash notoriously displayed a drop in skill and competence, and instead regressed back to a beginner, showing little of his previous expertise and relearned many of the basics of catching Pokémon (though this may have been due to over-excitement of entering a new region with exclusive Pokémon, and slowly wore off as the seasons went on). However, Ash still managed to win all eight gym badges in Unova and then entered the Unova League, where he defeated his arrogant rival, Trip, in the first match, but was defeated by Cameron in the quarter-finals, one match below his previous Pokémon League ranking. Cameron was then defeated by Virgil, who went on to win the League with his team of Eevee evolutions.

Also unlike previous seasons, Ash battled against a much more malevolent Team Rocket, as well as the evil Team Plasma. After his latest attempt to compete in the Unova League, and foiling both Team Rocket and Team Plasma's attempts to enslave Pokémon to conquer the world, Ash's friends traveled with him back to Kanto, where they parted to go own their ways and bade each other farewell.

Ash then ventured to the Kalos region to challenge the Kalos League, as well as learn more about Mega Evolution, a transformation that can take certain fully evolved Pokémon to a more powerful temporary form. While there, he began traveling with the siblings Clemont and Bonnie, along with Serena, whom he had met during a Pokémon summer camp in Pallet Town when they were much younger. They met new rivals like Sawyer, Shauna, Tierno, Trevor, and Alain. While in Kalos, Ash befriended and acquired new Pokémon, including Froakie, which later evolved into a powerful Greninja. Although Ash did not yet have a Pokémon that can mega-evolve (at least not in his current party), the group discovered that his Greninja was capable of "Bond Phenomenon", a transformation where Ash and Greninja connect mentally and Greninja's body changes to a color scheme resembling Ash. Like Mega Evolution, the transformation is temporary and makes "Ash-Greninja" much more powerful and well capable of defeating mega-evolved Pokémon. Currently, no other known Pokémon in existence is capable of Bond Phenomenon, and several rivals took great interest in competing with it in the Kalos League with their own mega-evolving Pokémon.

In a stark contrast to the Unova seasons (at least in the beginning), Ash displayed a greater deal of maturity and skill throughout the Kalos seasons, even becoming something of a mentor to his traveling companions. Like before, Ash earned all eight gym badges qualifying him to compete in the Kalos League, and with his newest Pokémon, Ash defeated many opponents and their mega-evolved Pokémon, advancing all the way to the finals, breaking his previous highest ranking, but was defeated by Alain.^[16] After the tournament, Ash and his friends got involved in Team Flare, the local evil organization, final operation to take over Kalos. During the crisis, Ash was captured by Team Flare along with his Pokémon as the leader of Team Flare, Lysandre, wanted to use him and Greninja for his plans, making this the first time an evil organizations wanted to use Ash for their schemes, unlike Team Rocket and the other previous evil organizations, Team Magma and Team Galactic, who had him captured so he didn't get in their way or used him as a hostage minus two, Team Aqua and Team Plasma. Ash's other Pokémon were used by Team Flare as hostages in an attempt to get Ash and Greninja to cooperate. Team Flare used a mini version of their device, capable of controlling Zygarde, in an attempt to control Ash along with Greninja for their Bond Phenomenon while Pikachu and the rest of Ash’s Kalos Pokémon watched in shock. However, Ash, who was able to hear Pikachu's voice, and Greninja resisted Team Flare's control as they could't break their fighting spirit and the bond they share for their friends and each other then used Bond Phenomenon to break free from their restraints. After Alain freed Ash's Pokémon from their restraints, Ash and his Pokémon were ready to stop Team Flare once and for all with Alain, who was once a Team Flare member, but decided to help stop them as he saw through his mistakes and due to his friendship with Ash as well, helping. Once Team Flare was stopped, Ash released Greninja to help protect Kalos from other threats. Ash and Greninja also wanted to keep themselves and their friends, especially Pikachu and the rest of the Kalos members, out of harm ways knowing that someone like Team Flare would not only try to use their abilities for evil, but would also use anyone close to them as hostages in an attempt to get what they want. Ash then bade farewell to his friends, before returning to Pallet Town once again.

During a vacation with his mother on Melemele Island in the Alola Region, Ash had an encounter with Tapu Koko, one of the local Island Guardian Pokémon, who gave him a Z-Ring, an item that allows a trainer to bring forth super-powered attacks from their Pokémon. When Ash used the Z-Ring for the first time with Pikachu, it produced a massive surge of energy that overloaded and shattered the Z-Crystal that powered it, making Ash realize that he needed to learn to control it. In order to master the power of the Z-Ring, Ash then decided to stay in Alola and enrolls at the Pokémon School, living with Professor Kukui and studying with his new classmates: Lana, Mallow, Lillie, Sophocles and Kiawe while battling against Team Rocket & Team Skull. During his stay in Alola, Ash not only encountered many new varieties of Pokémon, some of which became part of his new Pokémon team, but also competed in the Alolan Island Challenges, each of which led to a Grand Trial against each of the Island Kahunas; emerging victorious in both the Challenges and Trials, Ash received different Z-Crystals. With the discovery of Pokémon from other dimensions, known as Ultra Beasts, emerging through wormholes, Ash and his classmates became part of the Ultra Guardians team, charged with capturing the Ultra Beasts and returning them to their own dimensions.

Ash has considerably improved his abilities as a trainer over the course of the series. However, his earnestness and determination remain the same. During the first season of the series, Ash trained to catch more Pokémon than his childhood rival, Gary Oak, although Gary was always shown to be the stronger trainer. He soon began to focus more on each of his Pokémon's abilities.

Achievements

Badges Obtained

Over his journey so far, Ash has collected 8 badges from each of the major regions of Kanto, Johto, Hoenn, Sinnoh, Unova and Kalos. In addition, he has also obtained 4 badges from the Orange Archipelago and defeated the Orange Islands Champion to gain the Winners' Trophy.^[17] He has also collected all 7 Frontier Symbols from Generation III's Battle Frontier, and has been offered a position as a future Frontier Brain, which he declined. In the Alola region, he has completed all the Island Grand Trials, Melemele, Akala, Ula'Ula and Poni Island.

Pokémon League Rankings

Ash has generally improved in his Pokémon League Performances over time, placing in the Top 16 in the Indigo Plateau Conference,^[18] Top 8 in the Silver Conference,^[19] Top 8 in the Ever Grande Conference,^[20] semi-finals in the Lily of the Valley Conference,^[21] Top 8 in the Vertress Conference and runner-up in the Lumiose Conference.

In the video games

The only video game Ash has truly appeared in to date is Pokémon Puzzle League, where he tries to become a Pokémon Puzzle Master. This game was never released in Japan.

In Pokémon Red, Blue, Yellow, and the remakes of Red and Blue, a character very similar to Ash (named Red) appears as a playable character as well as in cameos in Pokémon Black 2, White 2, Gold, Silver, their remakes, Sun and Moon. The anime re-imagined Red as Ash Ketchum, the same way it re-imagined Red's rival Blue as Gary Oak and Ethan (the protagonist of the second generation Pokémon games as well as their remakes) as Jimmy. Although they are counterparts, they are not the same characters because they originate from different canons and thus developed from different experiences.

Though Pokémon Yellow has certain plot aspects that were inspired by the anime series, the player character is still named Red rather than Ash.{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}}

In Pokémon Sun and Moon's demo, the player character, Sun, receives a letter from Ash, along with his Greninja, which is capable of assuming its "Ash-Greninja" form through its ability Battle Bond. Ash also makes a cameo in Ghost Trial of the full game, where one may see a blurry photo of him and his Pikachu in the back room.

Printed adaptations

The portrayals of Ash in the manga The Electric Tale of Pikachu, and Ash & Pikachu, are very similar to the one in the anime. There are key differences in the manga, though. The Electric Tale of Pikachu is based on Ash's journey up until the end of the Orange Islands travel. Ash is usually seen traveling by himself during the course of this manga although he is joined by Misty and Brock in Indigo sometimes. Misty is the only one to join Ash in the Orange Islands. The Ash & Pikachu manga is similar, although it has the episodes from the anime like "The Fortune Hunters" and "A Goldenrod Opportunity" combined, but with a couple of changes. Manga author Toshihiro Ono cited Ash as one of his favorite characters to draw for the series, stating, "I want to go on a trip with Misty just like him! (And forget about job, rent, etc.)".^[22]

In Pokémon Adventures, Red depicts his appearance from what he wore in the games.

In other media

Although not parodied quite as frequently as the franchise mascot Pikachu, Ash still has many parodies and appearances in various other media, ranging from an unofficial fan-made film to several representations in web media, including many parodies on the YouTube channel Smosh.^[23]

Ash makes a brief cameo in the animated series The Simpsons, when, in the episode "Postcards From the Wedge," the character Bart Simpson is watching TV while doing his homework, and a parody of the Pokémon anime appears on TV, starring Ash (in what appears to be a loose parody of his Diamond & Pearl outfit) and Pikachu. Bart remarks "Wow, how does this show stay so fresh?", which is both a reference to the length of the anime, as well as referencing the length of The Simpsons itself in an ironic way. In the episode "The Perspiration Implementation" of the TV show The Big Bang Theory, Ash is mentioned by the character Sheldon Cooper when he attempts to ask a girl out by saying "And as Ash Ketchum said to Pikachu, I choose you.",^[24] which specifically references how Pikachu was Ash's first Pokémon. In the episode "Chinpokomon" of the animated show South Park, a parody of Ash makes an appearance, along with a parody of Team Rocket's James, as characters in a TV show parodying Pokémon. The title itself is a reference to Pokémon.

Ash also makes appearances in several segments of the show Robot Chicken, including "Poké Ball High Life" and "Pokémon Tennis." In the show The Norm Show, the character Tommy thinks that he is Ash, and faces off against the character Norm in the episode "Artie comes to town."^[25] In the Japanese Light Novel series Highschool DxD, the character of the familiar master Zatouji is a clear parody of Ash, even his catchphrase being "Gotta catch 'em all!"^[26] Ash also features in an ADHD Short segment called "Pikachu gets Pokémon rabies."^[27]

A man wearing Ash's original outfit also appears in a few Taiwanese Subway ads teaching passengers basic safety procedures.^[28]^[29]^[30] A man wearing Ash's original League Expo hat is also shown in the third episode of season 4 of the show Metalocalypse.^[31] In the episode "Johnny'mon" of the cartoon show Johnny Test, the character Blast Ketchup is a blatant parody of Ash Ketchum. The title is also a parody of Pokémon.

In the game Overwatch, the character Hanzo says the line "I choose you, spirit dragon," which is a reference to the phrase Ash frequently uses when sending out one of his Pokémon to battle, such as "Pikachu, I choose you!"^[32]

Ash also made a brief appearance on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, where he has a 'Pokémon battle' against Cartoon Donald Trump with Special Prosecutor Robert Mueller.^[33]^[34]

Reception

The book The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture cited Ash as an example of cultural identification, with the character going through similar motions players of the games had to in order to progress through them.^[35] It additionally emphasized the character's growth and development as the anime series progressed.^[36] UGO.com listed Ash fifteenth on their list of "The Coolest Helmets and Headgear in Video Games", stating "Love him or hate him, y’all know Ash Ketchum for his red and white cap".^[37] The Guinness Book of World Records 2011 Game Edition lists Ash as coming 37th out of 50 in a readers' poll of their favorite video game characters.^[38] Jian DeLeon of Complex magazine named him seventeenth on a list of "The 25 Most Stylish Anime Characters," and stated, "The first Ash outfit was hands down the best-and most memorable."^[39] However, he has been criticized by IGN for perpetuating floating timeline (i.e. not growing up), never succeeding, and for the ambiguity about his father, noting that the consistency could be seen having nothing as frustrating or comforting for fans.^[40]

Controversy

On August 18, 2016, the XYZ episode {{Nihongo4|Kalos League Victory! Satoshi's Greatest Decisive Battle|カロスリーグ優勝！サトシ頂上決戦|Karosurīgu yūshō! Satoshi chōjō kessen}} (Down to the Fiery Finish! in the English dub) faced criticism from fans when Ash lost the Kalos League against Alain. The fans specifically criticized the episode due to misleading trailers that suggested that Ash would win the battle and because Ash had lost all of the Pokémon Leagues in past seasons.^[16]^[41]^[42] Fans also disliked the outcome because they believed Ash's Greninja had many advantages over Alain's Charizard, including the fact that water-type Pokémon are capable of critically defeating fire-type Pokémon,^[43] and that the rare Bond Phenomenon Ash's Greninja was subject to was said to be far more powerful than a conventional Mega Evolution. Several animators of the series also expressed disappointment that Ash had lost.^[44] TV Tokyo's YouTube upload of the teaser of the next episode received an overwhelming number of dislikes as a result of the outcome.^[43] On IMDb, the episode became one of the lowest-rated episodes of the entire anime.^[45] A Change.org petition asking that an alternate ending be created in which Ash wins received more than 3,900 signatures.

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Veronica Taylor|url=http://www.supanova.com.au/guest/veronica-taylor/|website=Supanova Pop Culture Expo|accessdate=7 November 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107073235/http://www.supanova.com.au/guest/veronica-taylor/|archivedate=November 7, 2016|df=mdy-all}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=sarahnatochennyhome|url=https://www.sarahnatochenny.com/about|website=ABOUT|accessdate=7 November 2017}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.kotaku.com.au/2013/07/how-ash-ketchums-character-design-has-evolved-over-the-years/|title=How Ash Ketchum's Character Design Has Evolved Over The Years|last=Hernandez|first=Patricia|access-date=2017-05-17|language=en}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/2017/3/13/14909808/how-to-get-ash-hat-pikachu-pokemon-sun-and-moon|title=Pikachu’s getting some iconic headwear in Sun and Moon later this year|date=2017-03-13|website=Polygon|access-date=2017-05-17}}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/pop-culture-jackets/261188/the-18-coolest-jackets-in-movies-tv-games-and-comics|title=The 18 Coolest Jackets in Movies, TV, Games, and Comics|work=Den of Geek|access-date=2017-05-17|language=en}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/178748-ash-ketchum-from-pokemon-halloween-costume-ideas-for-2016-to-help-you-ketchum-all|title=Ash Ketchum From 'Pokemon' Halloween Costume Ideas For 2016 To Help You Ketchum All|last=Fayvinova|first=Dasha|access-date=2017-05-17}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Pokeani Data|work=|url=http://pokeani.com/episodefolda/anime-pokemonag.html|accessdate=March 20, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080321034904/http://pokeani.com/episodefolda/anime-pokemonag.html| archivedate= March 21, 2008 | deadurl= no}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Tobin|first=Joseph Jay|year=2004|title=Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon|publisher=Duke University Press|page=16|isbn=0-8223-3287-6}}
9. ^{{cite journal|journal=Time Asia |url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/99/1122/pokemon6.fullinterview1.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501094101/http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/99/1122/pokemon6.fullinterview1.html |archivedate=May 1, 2010 |accessdate=September 25, 2009 |date=November 22, 1999 |volume=154 |issue=20 |page=1 |title=The Ultimate Game Freak |deadurl=bot: unknown }}
10. ^¹{{cite journal|journal=Time Asia |url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/99/1122/pokemon6.fullinterview1.html |accessdate=September 25, 2009 |date=November 22, 1999 |volume=154 |issue=20 |title=The Ultimate Game Freak |page=2 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501094101/http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/99/1122/pokemon6.fullinterview1.html |archivedate=May 1, 2010 }}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/olliebarder/2016/09/19/ash-looks-very-different-in-the-new-pokemon-sun-and-moon-anime/#6b9abdeb317b|title=Ash Looks Very Different In The New 'Pokémon Sun And Moon' Anime|last=Barder|first=Ollie|access-date=2016-09-20}}
12. ^¹{{cite journal|date=August 2000 |title=Veronica Taylor interview |work=Animerica |publisher=Viz Media |volume=8 |issue=6 |url=http://www.veronicataylor.net/faqs.html |accessdate=December 10, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124054857/http://www.veronicataylor.net/faqs.html |archivedate=November 24, 2009 |deadurl=yes }}
13. ^{{cite news|last1=Haque|first1=Fahima|title='I'm a sensitive type of Pokemon': meet the voice behind Ash Ketchum|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/15/pokemon-ash-ketchum-voice-sarah-natochenny|accessdate=July 19, 2016|work=the Guardian|date=July 15, 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pokemon.com/us/pokemon-episodes/19_28-seeing-the-forest-for-the-trees/|title=Seeing the Forest for the Trees! - Watch Pokémon TV|author=|date=|website=www.pokemon.com}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.pokemon.com/uk/pokemon-episodes/17_07-giving-chase-at-the-rhyhorn-race/|title=Giving Chase at the Rhyhorn Race! {{!}} Watch Pokémon TV|website=www.pokemon.com|access-date=2017-03-19}}
16. ^¹{{cite news|last1=Ashcraft|first1=Brian|title=Ash From Pokémon Just Had The Battle Of His Life|url=http://kotaku.com/ash-from-pokemon-just-had-the-battle-of-his-life-1785441421|accessdate=August 19, 2016|date=August 18, 2016}}
17. ^{{Cite news|url=http://screenrant.com/pokemon-facts-trivia-things-never-knew-about-ash-ketchum-pikachu/?view=all|title=Pokémon: 15 Facts You Didn't Know About Ash Ketchum|date=2016-11-12|work=Screen Rant|access-date=2017-03-19|language=en-US}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/05/08/see-the-6-saddest-pokemon-moments|title=6 Saddest Pokemon Moments|last=Gettys|first=Tim|date=2014-05-08|website=IGN|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-19}}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nintendowire.com/news/2016/08/22/best-exploring-ash-ketchum-johto-league/|title=The very best? Exploring Ash Ketchum in the Johto League {{!}} Nintendo Wire|date=2016-08-22|work=Nintendo Wire|access-date=2017-03-19|language=en-US}}
20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nintendowire.com/news/2016/08/23/best-exploring-ash-ketchum-hoenn-league/|title=The very best? Exploring Ash Ketchum in the Hoenn League {{!}} Nintendo Wire|date=2016-08-23|work=Nintendo Wire|access-date=2017-03-19|language=en-US}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/08/12/ash-ketchum-might-actually-become-a-pokemon-master/|title=Ash Ketchum Might Actually Become a Pokemon Master|website=Comicbook.com|access-date=2017-03-19}}
22. ^{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000510020712/http://www.vizkids.com/pokemon/news_interview.shtml |title=Animerica Interview Toshihiro Ono |url=http://www.vizkids.com/pokemon/news_interview.shtml |archivedate=May 10, 2000 |publisher=VIZ Media |accessdate=August 5, 2009}}
23. ^{{Citation|last=Smosh 2nd Channel|title=I'M ASH KETCHUM! (Lunchtime w/ Smosh)|date=2010-11-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoD-G7ZyaF0|accessdate=2017-05-17}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-05-the-perspiration-implementation/|title=Series 09 Episode 05 – The Perspiration Implementation|date=2016-01-26|work=Big Bang Theory Transcripts|access-date=2017-05-17|language=en-US}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/132104-the-norm-show-the-complete-series/|title='The Norm Show: The Complete Series' Is a Cynical Sitcom, Yes, But It's Not Mean|work=PopMatters|access-date=2017-05-17}}
26. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.baka-tsuki.org/project/index.php?title=High_School_DxD:Volume_8_Afterword|title=High School DxD:Volume 8 Afterword - Baka-Tsuki|website=www.baka-tsuki.org|language=en|access-date=2017-05-17}}
27. ^{{Citation|last=Animation Domination High-Def|title=PIKACHU GETS POKEMON RABIES|date=2012-11-26|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sEHV8WZ4ew|accessdate=2017-05-17}}
28. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/games/1526459/pokemons-ash-mysteriously-appears-in-taiwanese-subway-ad-see-the-image|title=Pokemon's Ash Mysteriously Appears In Taiwanese Subway Ad, See The Image|work=CINEMABLEND|access-date=2017-05-19}}
29. ^{{Cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/06/20/ash-ketchum-gives-safety-tips-on-taiwans-subways/|title=Ash Ketchum Gives Safety Tips on Taiwan's Subways|website=Comicbook.com|access-date=2017-05-19}}
30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/wait-is-that-ash-ketchum-in-taiwanese-subway-safety-posters/vp-AAhl8U3|title=Wait Is That Ash Ketchum In Taiwanese Subway Safety Posters?|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2017-05-19}}
31. ^{{Cite web|url=http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/ShoutOut/Metalocalypse|title=Metalocalypse / Shout Out - TV Tropes|website=tvtropes.org|access-date=2017-05-19}}
32. ^{{Cite news|url=http://screenrant.com/overwatch-game-hanzo-archer-trivia/|title=Overwatch: 15 Things You Never Knew About Hanzo|date=2017-04-27|work=Screen Rant|access-date=2017-05-17|language=en-US}}
33. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbs.com/shows/the-late-show-with-stephen-colbert/video/MsGZGfS_ZwdRW8JUEg4y4tC1vK5uk1Fy/pok-mon-battle-cartoon-donald-trump-vs-ash-ketchum/|title=The Late Show with Stephen Colbert Video - Pokémon Battle: Cartoon Donald Trump Vs. Ash Ketchum|website=CBS|access-date=2017-11-15}}
34. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/pok%C3%A9mon-battle-cartoon-donald-trump-vs-ash-ketchum/vp-AAux2PA|title=Pokémon Battle: Cartoon Donald Trump Vs. Ash Ketchum|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2017-11-15}}
35. ^{{cite book |title=The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture |last=West |first=Mark I. |year=2008 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=0-8108-5121-0 |page=63}}
36. ^{{cite book |title=The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture |last=West |first=Mark I. |year=2008 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=0-8108-5121-0 |page=78}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ugo.com/games/the-coolest-helmets-and-headgear-in-video-games?page=4 |title=The Coolest Helmets and Headgear in Video Games - UGO.com |publisher=UGO.com |author=Marissa Meli |date=March 4, 2011 |accessdate=March 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312033812/http://www.ugo.com/games/the-coolest-helmets-and-headgear-in-video-games?page=4 |archivedate=March 12, 2011 }}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/23803/news/mario-is-the-best-videogame-character-of-all-time/ |title=Wii News: Mario is the best videogame character of all time |publisher=Official Nintendo Magazine |date=February 16, 2011 |accessdate=April 28, 2011}}
39. ^{{cite web|last=DeLeon|first=Jian|title=The 25 Most Stylish Anime Characters|url=http://www.complex.com/style/2013/01/the-25-most-stylish-anime-characters/ash-ketchum|date=January 23, 2013|work=Complex|accessdate=November 2, 2014}}
40. ^{{cite web|author=Lucas M. Thomas |url=http://ds.ign.com/articles/114/1149080p3.html |title=The Pokemon TV Retrospective – DS Feature at IGN |publisher=Ds.ign.com |date=July 7, 2010 |accessdate=April 28, 2011}}
41. ^{{cite news|last1=Parungo|first1=Nico|title=Pokemon XYZ: Internet Goes Crazy Over Ash's Pokemon League Result|url=http://www.thebitbag.com/pokemon-xyz-internet-goes-crazy-ashs-pokemon-league-result/173784|accessdate=August 19, 2016|date=August 19, 2016}}
42. ^{{cite news|title=【ネタバレ注意】アニメ「ポケモン」、サトシの勝敗のゆくえに視聴者ざわざわ　「いいかげんしろ」との声も|url=http://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/nl/articles/1608/19/news137.html|accessdate=August 19, 2016|date=August 19, 2016|language=ja}}
43. ^¹{{cite news|last1=Ashcraft|first1=Brian|title=The Internet Reacts To Pokémon's Biggest Loser|url=http://kotaku.com/the-internet-reacts-to-pokemons-biggest-loser-1785494176|accessdate=August 20, 2016|date=August 19, 2016}}
44. ^{{cite news|title=「騙された感（涙）」『ポケットモンスターXY＆Z』第38話のまさかすぎる展開に、世界中のアニポケファンが激怒!!|url=http://top.tsite.jp/news/anime-song/o/30225226/|accessdate=August 21, 2016|date=January 3, 2018|language=ja}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5918478/|title="Pokemon the Series: XY" Kalos League Victory! Satoshi's Greatest Decisive Battle! (TV Episode 2016)|accessdate=2017-02-25|publisher=IMDb}}{{Better source|date=June 2017}}