| 词条 | Hydra effect |
| 释义 |
The hydra effect or hydra paradox owes its name to the Greek legend of the Lernaean Hydra which grew two heads for each one cut off, and is used figuratively for counter-intuitive effects of actions to reduce a problem which result in stimulating its multiplication. Most notably scientists have proposed that ecological systems can exhibit a hydra effect when "a higher death rate in a particular species ultimately increases the size of its population". The hypothesis is suggested to have implications for the eradication of pests, and resource management. There are also said to be indications that reducing the death rate can shrink a population.[1] The hydra effect has also been used about negative outcomes when shutting down torrent sites which come back in more incarnations, and is cited by those opposing the war on drugs and targeted killing as counter-productive effects.[2][3][4] In 2016 the site Torrentz shut down its operations without further information for the cause of the shut down. However, within two weeks, there were 3 torrent sites that were built as replacements for Torrentz, which stands as a perfect example of the hydra effect.[5] Similarly, after the torrent website The Pirate Bay was shut down in December 2014, it reincarnated with hundreds of copies within a week.[6] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|last1=Abrams|first1=Peter|title=Hydra paradox: When culling animals makes them thrive|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630232-700-hydra-paradox-when-culling-animals-makes-them-thrive/|website=New Scientist|date=27 May 2015}} {{Unintended consequences}}2. ^{{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Liat|title=Shutting down huge pirate sites has no 'positive effect'|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-05/15/european-piracy-study|website=Wired UK|accessdate=26 June 2015}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Blum|first=Gabriella and Philip Heymann|title=Law and Policy of Targeted Killing|journal=Harvard National Security Journal|date=June 2010|volume=1|page=165|url=http://harvardnsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Vol-1_Blum-Heymann_Final.pdf|accessdate=11 February 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://studentsforliberty.org/blog/2014/09/04/the-hydra-effect/|title=The Hydra Effect and the War on Drugs|author=Elias Garcia|date=4 September 2014|access-date=23 May 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Torrentz Remains Down, But The Clone Wars Are On|url=https://torrentfreak.com/torrentz-remains-down-but-the-clone-wars-are-on-160813/|website=TorrentFreak|first=Ernesto |last=Van der Sar}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=https://torrentfreak.com/hundreds-of-pirate-bay-copies-emerge-is-the-hydra-alive-141227/ |title=Hundreds of Pirate Bay Copies Emerge, Is The Hydra Alive?|author=Ernesto|date=27 December 2014|access-date=23 May 2015}} 2 : BitTorrent|Internet culture |
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