“Runglish”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Runglish, Rusinglish, Ruglish or Russlish ({{lang-ru|русинглиш / рунглиш}}, rusinglish / runglish), is a Russian–English macaronic language.

The term "runglish" was popularized in 2000 as a name for one of the languages aboard the International Space Station. Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalyov said: "We say jokingly that we communicate in 'Runglish,' a mixture of Russian and English languages, so that when we are short of words in one language we can use the other, because all the crew members speak both languages well." NASA has since begun listing Runglish as one of the on-board languages.^[1] Although less widespread than other pidgins and creoles, such as Tok Pisin, Runglish is spoken in a number of English-Russian communities, most notably the Russian-speaking community of Brighton Beach in Brooklyn, New York.^[2]

In literature

Some notable novels have foreshadowed the development of Runglish. A small subplot in Arthur C. Clarke's novel Odyssey Two concerned the crew of a Russo-American spaceship, who attempted to break down boredom with a Stamp Out Russlish!! campaign. As the story went, both crews were fully fluent in each other's languages, to the point that they found themselves crossing over languages in mid-conversation, or even simply speaking the other language even when there was no-one who had it as their native tongue present. Anthony Burgess' novel A Clockwork Orange has a famous form of Runglish called Nadsat. (See: Concordance: A Clockwork Orange) Less famously (but also in science fiction), Robert Heinlein’s novel ‘’The Moon is a Harsh Mistress’’ is written in the heavily Russian-influenced English (much Russian vocabulary, some Russian grammar) of a joint Australian/Russian penal colony on the Moon.

Official resistance

The Russian government declared 2007 to be the "Year of the Russian Language". It has been claimed that this was in part to give support to what is seen as proper Russian against such influences as the spread of English and Runglish.^[3] Yuri Prokhorov, the head of the Russian State Institute of Foreign Languages, stated that "Young people always develop fashionable ways of communicating. (But) it is Russian words used incorrectly that damages the purity of the language, not the introduction of foreign words."^[3]

Examples

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/perspace/profile_crew_1.html|title=The Expedition One Crew|publisher=spaceflight.nasa.gov}}
2. ^¹²³{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01E3DD133EF937A25755C0A9639C8B63|title=For the Thirsty Runglish Speaker: Try an Ized Cyawfeh|publisher=New York Times|date=14 June 2005 | first=Alan | last=Feuer | accessdate=23 May 2010}}
3. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1562947/English-invades-Russian-language.html|title=English invades Russian language|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date= 12 September 2007 | location=London | first=Adrian | last=Blomfield | accessdate=23 May 2010}}
4. ^{{cite web|last=Klepach|first=I.|title=Наши люди в Америке (Our people in America)|url=http://mainbruecke.com/reisen_ru.html|work=Mainbruecke|accessdate=14 September 2010|language=Russian|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512003433/http://mainbruecke.com/reisen_ru.html|archivedate=12 May 2011|df=}}
5. ^¹{{cite web|last=Mariupolsky|first=Konstantine|title=The inevitable birth of Runlgish – When Russian and English merge|date=26 May 2005|url=http://nycma.fcny.org/nycma/voices/170/briefs/briefs_3/|work=Voices that must be heard|publisher=New York Community Media Alliance|accessdate=14 September 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109222910/http://nycma.fcny.org/nycma/voices/170/briefs/briefs_3/|archivedate=9 November 2013|df=}}