“Iveco SuperAV”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Iveco SuperAV is an eight-wheel drive tactical vehicle developed by the Italian commercial vehicle company Iveco. A version made by BAE Systems was selected by the United States Marine Corps for the Amphibious Combat Vehicle program.^[1]

Design

Mobility

The SuperAV is an 8x8 wheeled amphibious vehicle. It is powered by an Iveco Cursor 13 6L turbocharged multifuel diesel engine coupled with a ZF 7HP902 gearbox (seven forward and one reverse). It has a top speed of {{convert|105|kph|mph|abbr=on}} on land and {{convert|10|kph|mph|abbr=on}} on water. The vehicle's range is {{convert|500|mi|km|abbr=on}} on land and {{convert|40|mi|km|abbr=on}} on water. The wheels have a central tire inflation system and run-flat tires. The SuperAV is fully amphibious, able to operate in and over sea state 3. It can be air transported by a C-130 Hercules or an Airbus A400M.^[2]^[3]

Protection

Iveco claims the SuperAV has the highest protection level in its class. It incorporates a high hardness monocoque steel hull, able to protect the crew from small arms fire, artillery shell splinters, landmines, and IEDs. Add-on armor kits are available. The vehicle has NBC protection and automatic fire suppression systems.^[2]^[3]

Armament

The SuperAV can be fitted with weapons systems up to 40 mm in remote weapons stations or turrets. If a two-man manned turret is installed, troops capacity is reduced from 12 to 8.^[2]^[3] If a remote turret is installed, troops capacity is only reduced to 10.

Versions

The SuperAV is available as an armoured personnel carrier, anti-tank vehicle, mortar carrier, engineer vehicle, recovery vehicle, ambulance, and command post vehicle.^[2]

History

In 1999, the Brazilian Army made a requeriment for the developmenton of a new family of APC and IFV, by 2009 a contract was signed with Iveco Latin America for the production 2044 units of the VBTP-MR Guarani 6x6 APC, the 8x8 variant was later adapt in to the SuperAV.^[2]

In 2010, the SuperAV was offered to the Italian Army for their requirement for an amphibious vehicle to replace the AAVTP-7A1^[2] and was selected.^[4]

ACV

In 2011, Iveco entered an agreement with BAE Systems to offer the SuperAV to the United States Marine Corps in their Marine Personnel Carrier program.^[2] In August 2012, the SuperAV was selected along with three other vehicles for further demonstration and study.^[5] BAE had to redesign the original SuperAV to make it compatible with the Marine Corps mandate that any designs be based on existing platforms. The MPC submission was modified to carry three crew and nine 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) tall marines standing, each weighing {{convert|220|lb|kg|abbr=on}} with gear. It had a V-shaped hull to withstand strong bomb blasts and could travel up to {{convert|10|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}} from a dock landing ship to shore and back. Unit cost was $3.5 million.^[6] The vehicle swam through the water using two counter-rotating propellers, each with {{convert|65,000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of thrust per propeller.^[7]

On 8 May 2013, BAE and Iveco successfully completed 12 days of evaluations on the SuperAV for the MPC program at Camp Pendleton. The evaluations included a water performance demonstrations in various sea conditions, as well as human factors and stowage capacity. The SuperAV, weighing 26 tons, exceeded all vehicle requirements, performing personnel exit drills in less than 17 seconds and showcasing advanced interior layout and compartmentalization that allowed for the stowage of more than three days of supplies without jeopardizing the survivability of the vehicle and personnel. Similar tests conducted by Iveco confirmed the vehicle's ability to be launched and recovered from ships and transition in surf zones. BAE and Iveco then prepared for survivability demonstrations in the summer.^[8]^[9]

The Marine Personnel Carrier was put on hold in June 2013,^[10] restarted in February 2014,^[11] and then restructured as Phase 1 of the Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) program,^[12] which includes the previous MPC competitor entries.^[13] BAE submitted the SuperAV as their ACV 1.1 entry on 20 May 2015.^[14]

The BAE/Iveco version of the SuperAV submitted to the Marines carries a crew of three with 11 embarked Marines; key to the design is its ability to already meet ACV 1.2 requirements, being configured for 13 seats, having the ability to launch and recover from a well deck, and being able to integrate an unmanned turret with a heavy cannon. Iveco's H-Drive System provides power to individual wheels, simulating a tracked vehicle, so it can continue operating if any wheels are damaged or blown off and has better mobility in soft soil or sand. Since the H-Drive System eliminates axles through use of a string of three shafts on each side, a V-shaped hull is able to be used for blast protection, and the floor is also not connected to the hull, instead bolting onto the bottom of the seats, creating less headroom for occupants but absorbing more energy from an underbody blast. Space in the interior is taken up by pipes, wires, and things needed to make systems run, but that is because the space behind the seats is reserved for Marines' gear. Fuel tanks are external for passenger protection, and unlike the AAV, the SuperAV doesn't expel black smoke upon engine start and has a quietly running engine. The SuperAV uses a 690 hp engine to propel the vehicle at {{convert|6|knot|mph km/h}} in water and on land at up to {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}; reserve buoyancy is 21 percent.^[4]^[15] It weighs 31.5 tons ({{convert|63,000|lb|kg|abbr=on}}) with a {{convert|6,000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} payload capacity, and has a range of {{convert|10|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}} at sea followed by {{convert|200|mi|km|abbr=on}} on land, or {{convert|350|mi|km|abbr=on}} entirely on land.^[16]

On 24 November 2015, the Marines selected the BAE Systems/Iveco SuperAV, along with the SAIC Terrex, to move on to the engineering and manufacturing development phase of the ACV 1.1 program. BAE was awarded a $103.8 million contract to build 16 vehicles by late 2016 for testing, which will begin in early 2017 and last one year. The company plans to build its ACV prototypes at its York, Pennsylvania facility. A final winner is planned to be chosen in 2018 to build 204 vehicles, with the first entering service in 2020 and all delivered by 2023.^[15]^[17]

On 19 June 2018, the Marine Corps announced that BAE Systems had been selected to deliver vehicles for the ACV 1.1 program to begin replacing the Amphibious Assault Vehicle; 30 low-rate production vehicles will be built with deliveries beginning in late 2019. The Marine Corps plans to buy 204 ACV 1.1 vehicles in this first phase of the effort with initial operating capability planned for early 2020, fielding in late 2020, and full operational capability scheduled for 2023. The design will be upgraded before moving on to the ACV 1.2 phase.^[1]^[18]^[19]

References

1. ^¹[https://www.military.com/dodbuzz/2018/06/19/bae-systems-will-make-marines-new-wheeled-amphibious-combat-vehicle.html BAE Systems Will Make Marines' New Wheeled Amphibious Combat Vehicle]. DoD Buzz. 19 June 2018.
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/iveco-superav-8x8-armoured-personnel-carrier/ |title="Iveco Superav 8x8 Armoured Personnel Carrier, Italy." |publisher=Army-technology.com |date=2011-06-15 |accessdate=2013-10-02}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}
3. ^¹²Superav - Military-Today.com
4. ^¹Marine ACV Competitors Show Off Prototypes as Program Downselect Nears - News.USNI.org, 28 September 2015
5. ^Personnel carrier development contracts awarded - Militarytimes.com, September 10, 2012
6. ^BAE’s ‘Supersized’ Personnel Carrier - Defensetech.org, 11 October 2013
7. ^Corps Eyes New Amphibious Assault Vehicles - Defensetech.org, 25 September 2014
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/news/US-Marine-Corps-Successfully-Test-Iveco-SuperAV-8x8-Marine-Personnel-Carrier_n000011463.aspx |title="US Marine Corps Successfully Test Iveco SuperAV 8x8 Marine Personnel Carrier." |publisher=Deagel.com |date=2013-05-08 |accessdate=2013-10-02}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2013/05/10/BAE-Iveco-MPC-evaluated/UPI-93361368211613/ |title="BAE, Iveco MPC evaluated." |publisher=Upi.com |date=2013-05-10 |accessdate=2013-10-02}}
10. ^Commitment to Swimming Vehicle Throws Off Marines’ Tight Modernization Schedule {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130915191052/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2013/October/Pages/CommitmenttoSwimmingVehicleThrowsOffMarines%E2%80%99TightModernizationSchedule.aspx |date=2013-09-15 }} - Nationaldefensemagazine.org, October 2013
11. ^Marines Budget Scramble: Commandant Resurrects MPC, ACV In Limbo - Breakingdefense.com, 17 February 2014
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://breakingdefense.com/2014/04/marines-about-to-announce-new-amphibious-combat-vehicle-plan-our-sneak-preview/ |title= A Sneak Peek At Marines’ New Amphibious Combat Vehicle |last1=Freedberg Jr. |first1=Sydney J. |date=2 April 2014 |website=breakingdefense.com |publisher=Breaking Media, Inc. |accessdate=2 April 2014}}
13. ^Marines upgrading, replacing amphibs under new strategy - Militarytimes.com, 24 September 2014
14. ^BAE Systems submits bid for US Marine Corps amphibious combat vehicle 1.1. program - Armyrecognition.com, 20 May 2015
15. ^¹BAE, SAIC Named as Finalists in Marines ACV Competition - Defensenews.com, 24 November 2015
16. ^Inside the amphibious vehicles that won the Marines' $225M contracts - Defensenews.com, 5 January 2016
17. ^Marine Corps Awards Amphibious Combat Vehicle 1.1 Contracts to BAE Systems and SAIC - News.USNI.org, 24 November 2015
18. ^[https://www.defensenews.com/land/2018/06/19/bae-wins-marine-corps-contract-to-build-new-amphibious-combat-vehicle/ BAE wins Marine Corps contract to build new amphibious combat vehicle]. Defense News. 19 June 2018.
19. ^[https://news.usni.org/2018/06/19/marines-pick-bae-to-build-amphibious-combat-vehicle-total-contract-worth-up-to-1-2b Marines Pick BAE to Build Amphibious Combat Vehicle; Contract Worth Up to $1.2B]. USNI News. 19 June 2018.