| 词条 | Râmnicu Vâlcea | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{ROU}} |timezone=EET |utc_offset=+2 |timezone_DST=EEST |utc_offset_DST=+3 |map_caption = Location of Râmnicu Vâlcea| official_name=Râmnicu Vâlcea| image_skyline=TudorVladimirescuStrRV.JPG| image_shield=ROU VL Ramnicu Valcea CoA1.jpg| |nickname=Hackerville |pushpin_map=Romania |subdivision_type1=County| subdivision_name1=Vâlcea| |subdivision_type2=Status| subdivision_name2={{Autolink|County capital}} |settlement_type=County capital|| |leader_title=Mayor| leader_name=Mircia Gutău |leader_party=Ecologist Party of Romania |established_title = First mention |established_date = 1388 |area_total_km2=89.52 |population_as_of=2011 |population_total=92,573 |population_footnotes=[1] |population_density_km2=auto |coordinates = {{coord|45|6|17|N|24|22|32|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m=250 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 240xxx |area_code= (+40) 02 50 |registration_plate = VL |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = Cfb |website={{URL|http://www.primariavl.ro/}} }} Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, {{IPA-ro|ˈrɨmniku ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a}}) (population: 92,573) is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania (in the historical province of Oltenia). Geography and climateRâmnicu Vâlcea is situated in the central-south area of Romania. Set at the foothills of the Southern Carpathians, the city is located at about {{convert|12|km|mi}} from the Cozia Mountains and about {{convert|40|km|mi}} from the Făgăraş and Lotrului Mountains. The southern limit of Râmnicu Vâlcea is formed by the Getic Plateau and the Oltului Valley. The Olt River crosses the town of Râmnicu Vâlcea as well as the E81 road of European interest and one of the main national railway routes. The climate is defined as Dfa" (humid continental with warm summers) bordering Cfa" (humid subtropical). Precipitation amount is higher in the summer, although not high enough in order to be a "Dwa" type climate. {{Weather box| collapsed = | open = f | metric first = yes | single line = f | location = Râmnicu Vâlcea, 1981-2010 | Jan high C = 3.9 | Feb high C = 6.2 | Mar high C = 11.5 | Apr high C = 17.5 | May high C = 22.9 | Jun high C = 26.3 | Jul high C = 28.6 | Aug high C = 28.4 | Sep high C = 23.3 | Oct high C = 17.3 | Nov high C = 10.2 | Dec high C = 4.6 | year high C = | Jan low C = -4.1 | Feb low C = -2.9 | Mar low C = 1.0 | Apr low C = 6.0 | May low C = 10.8 | Jun low C = 14.1 | Jul low C = 15.8 | Aug low C = 15.6 | Sep low C = 11.4 | Oct low C = 6.7 | Nov low C = 1.5 | Dec low C = -2.5 | year low C = | Jan precipitation mm = 34.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 32.4 | Mar precipitation mm = 33.9 | Apr precipitation mm = 56.4 | May precipitation mm = 74.1 | Jun precipitation mm = 83.2 | Jul precipitation mm = 77.2 | Aug precipitation mm = 81.3 | Sep precipitation mm = 55.9 | Oct precipitation mm = 47.8 | Nov precipitation mm = 46.5 | Dec precipitation mm = 53.0 | year precipitation mm = | Jan precipitation cm = | Feb precipitation cm = | Mar precipitation cm = | Apr precipitation cm = | May precipitation cm = | Jun precipitation cm = | Jul precipitation cm = | Aug precipitation cm = | Sep precipitation cm = | Oct precipitation cm = | Nov precipitation cm = | Dec precipitation cm = | year precipitation cm = | unit precipitation days = | Jan precipitation days = 10 | Feb precipitation days = 8.7 | Mar precipitation days = 9.7 | Apr precipitation days = 12.2 | May precipitation days = 13 | Jun precipitation days = 12.4 | Jul precipitation days = 9.6 | Aug precipitation days = 9.5 | Sep precipitation days = 8.9 | Oct precipitation days = 8.2 | Nov precipitation days = 9.6 | Dec precipitation days = 11.4 | year precipitation days = | source = World Weather Information[2] }} History{{See also|Buridava|Buridava (castra)}}{{Historical populations|source = Census data |1912 |9628 |1930 |15648 |1948 |17238 |1956 |18984 |1966 |23867 |1977 |66321 |1992 |113624 |2002 |107656 |2011 |92573 }} The area has been inhabited since Dacian and Roman times, and was the site of a castrum. A new fortress was built on the location during the Middle Ages. Râmnicu Vâlcea was first attested during the rule of Prince Mircea cel Bătrân, as "the princely town of Râmnic" (4 September 1388), and confirmed as the seat of a Vâlcea County during the same period (8 January 1392). The town seal dates to 1505. Cetăţuia, the actual fortress, served as the residence of Oltenian Bans and, from 1504, of the Orthodox bishops of the Râmnic Diocese; in 1543, Prince Radu de la Afumaţi was killed in Cetăţuia by a boyar conspiracy. During the rules of Matei Basarab and Constantin Brâncoveanu, it became an important cultural center. It was here where the first paper mill and printing press in Romania were built (see Anthim the Iberian). The city was heavily damaged during the Habsburg takeover of Oltenia between 1718 and 1739, and its purpose was again reduced to that of a fortress. During the Wallachian Revolution, on 29 July 1848, Deşteaptă-te, române! (the national anthem of Romania), with lyrics written by Andrei Mureşanu and music composed by Anton Pann (whose memorial house lies in the center of the town), was sung for the first time in Râmnicu Vâlcea. Gheorghe Magheru gathered his military force in Râureni, now part of the city, in an attempt to face the anti-revolutionary forces of Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire. In the 1980s, the city was completely rebuilt in a style combining Socialist realism with local vernacular architecture. The city was the center and peak point of the path of total darkness of the Solar eclipse of 11 August 1999. PoliticsThe mayor of Râmnicu Vâlcea is Mircia Gutău of the Romanian Ecologist Party, following the 2016 local election. The previous mayor, Emilian Frâncu, was sentenced to four years' imprisonment in March 2014 for corruption-related offenses.[3] The Râmnicu Vâlcea Municipal Council, elected at the June 2016 local government elections, is made up of 22 councillors, with the following party composition:
Industry and commerceOltchim S.A.Oltchim S.A. Ramnicu Valcea was one of the largest chemical companies in Romania.[4] It provided chemical products since 1966, it was an exporter in chlorosodics, polyether polyols and propylene oxide markets in Eastern and Central Europe, and it was the second largest PVC producer in the area.[5]In 2009 and 2010, the company lowered production and laid off employees because of the financial crisis . It became one of the first companies to receive aid from the government.[6] In 2012, the company was declared bankrupt.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} CybercrimeRâmnicu Vâlcea has gained notoriety as a global centre of cybercrime,[7][8][9] including but not limited to EBay and Craigslist scammers who steal thousands of dollars per transaction from foreign buyers, generating millions of dollars in revenue. Wealthy profiteers provide revenue for a strong luxury car industry. Due to the cybercrime, the city has been nicknamed Hackerville. SportsRâmnicu Vâlcea is home to CS Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea, which is a women's handball club that competes in the Liga Naţională and the Women's Champions League. VillagesThe city administers thirteen villages: Aranghel, Căzănești, Copăcelu, Dealu Malului, Fețeni, Goranu, Lespezi, Poenari, Priba, Râureni, Săliștea, Stolniceni and Troian. Goranu, Fețeni, Lespezi and Săliștea were a separate commune, Goranu, until 1996, when they were merged into the city. Natives
See also
References1. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.valcea.insse.ro/phpfiles/Comunicat%20-%20DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011%20VALCEA.pdf | title = 2011 Census | date = February 2, 2012 | accessdate = March 12, 2012 | publisher = INSSE | language = Romanian}} 2. ^{{cite web |url= http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=2095 |title= |publisher= |access-date=November 25, 2016 }} 3. ^{{ro icon}} "Primarul din Râmnicu Vâlcea, Emilian Frâncu, condamnat definitiv la 4 ani de închisoare cu executare", Jurnalul Național, March 26, 2014 4. ^Oltchim S.A. 5. ^{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://www.oltchim.ro/en/index.php?name=about-us|work=Oltchim Website}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Boc promite ca va scoate Oltchim S.A. din criza|url=http://www.business24.ro/oltchim/stiri-oltchim/boc-promite-ca-va-scoate-din-criza-a-oltchim-sa-ramnicu-valcea-1460099|work=business24.ro}} 7. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/01/ff_hackerville_romania/all/1 | title= How a Remote Town in Romania Has Become Cybercrime Central |first= Yudhijit|last= Bhattacharjee |date=31 January 2011 | work=Wired magazine}} 8. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.theatlanticwire.com/features/view/feature/Romanian-Mountains-Seedy-Epicenter-of-Global-Cybercrime-3156 | work=Atlantic Wire | first=Eli| last= Rosenberg | title =Romanian Mountains: Seedy Epicenter of Global Cybercrime |date=7 February 2011 }} 9. ^{{cite news | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Ian |last=Wylie | title =Romania home base for EBay scammers | url= http://articles.latimes.com/2007/dec/26/business/fi-ebay26|date=26 December 2007}} External links{{commons category|Râmnicu Vâlcea}}
5 : Râmnicu Vâlcea|Cities in Romania|Populated places in Vâlcea County|Capitals of Romanian counties|Localities in Oltenia |
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