| 词条 | James Coward (RAF officer) |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = Air Commodore | name = James Baird Coward | honorific_suffix = AFC | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1915|5|18}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2012|7|25|1915|5|18}} | birth_place = | death_place = | placeofburial = | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | birth_name = | allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom}} | branch = Royal Air Force | serviceyears = 1937–1969 | rank = Air Commodore | servicenumber = 39412 | unit = No. 19 Squadron | commands = Air Officer Commanding Air Cadets | battles = World War II
| battles_label = | awards = Air Force Cross (AFC) | relations = | laterwork = | signature = | website = }} Air Commodore James Baird Coward, AFC (18 May 1915 – 25 July 2012) was a British senior officer in the Royal Air Force. He was Air Officer Commanding Air Cadets and Commandant of the Air Training Corps between 1962 and 1966. Early lifeCoward was born on 18 May 1915 in Teddington, Middlesex, England. He was educated at the independent St John's School, Leatherhead, Surrey.[1] Military careerCoward was commissioned into the Royal Air Force as an acting pilot officer (on probation) on 28 January 1937.[2] He joined No. 19 Squadron based at RAF Duxford as a pilot flying the Gloster Gauntlet, a single seat biplane.[1] His commission was confirmed and he was regraded as a pilot officer on 16 November 1937.[3] Having shown his artistic skill through caricatures of his comrades, he was tasked with painting the squadron badge on the canvas of the biplanes. However, after weeks of work, the Munich Crisis occurred and the biplanes, and their recently painted badges, were painted over in camouflage.[1] His squadron was the first to be equipped with the Supermarine Spitfire, which entered service on 4 August 1938.[4] He was promoted to flying officer on 16 June 1939.[5] With the outbreak of World War II, he was to serve as a pilot and staff officer. His squadron provided air support during the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk, between 27 May and 4 June 1940. On 2 June 1940, he was credited with the probable destruction of a German Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter aircraft.[1] During the Battle of Britain, on 31 August 1940, his squadron was scrambled from RAF Fowlmere to intercept a group of German Dornier Do 215s. He led the second section in attacking the bombers. The weapons of his Spitfire jammed and, having come under fire, the controls were damaged sending the aircraft into a dive. His left foot was almost severed from his leg. Upon bailing out, he couldn't stand the pain of the swift fall and deployed his parachute. During the now-slower descent he used the radio lead attached to his helmet to tie a tourniquet around his thigh and stem the bleeding. Upon landing in a field, he met a youth who quickly found a doctor. Within half an hour, he was taken to Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge to have his left leg amputated.[6] He was promoted to flight lieutenant on 3 September 1940.[7] Having taken five months to recover from the surgery,[1] he joined the personal staff of then Prime Minister Winston Churchill.[6] His main duty at Chequers, the Prime minister's country residence, was to judge if reports were urgent enough to warrant waking Churchill during the night.[8] At Chartwell, Churchill's private home, he coordinated the air surveillance to warn the prime minister of any impending attack from nearby Nazi occupied France.[14] He was promoted to squadron leader (temporary) on 1 December 1941.[9] Shortly after this, he left Churchill's staff to become an instructor at the fighter training unit[1] based in RAF Aston Down.[14] He went on to command the Aircraft Delivery Unit, part of Transport Command, at RAF Croydon.[1] In 1944, he transferred to the Air Ministry where he was in charge of operational fighter training.[14] On 5 March 1946, he was made a war substantive squadron leader.[10] After the war, he was posted as an Air Attaché to Norway in 1946.[6] He was promoted to flight lieutenant on 1 May 1947 with seniority from 1 December 1942.[11] He was promoted to squadron leader on 1 November 1947 with seniority from 1 August 1947.[12] He was given a permanent commission on 15 July 1948.[13] He was promoted to wing commander on 1 July 1952.[14] He was promoted to group captain on 1 July 1958.[15] He was promoted to air commodore on 1 July 1962.[16] Between September 1962 and June 1966, he was Air Officer Commanding Air Cadets and Commandant of the Air Training Corps.[17] Coward retired from the Royal Air Force on 8 September 1969.[18] Later lifeUpon retirement, Coward and his wife moved to Canberra, Australia.[14] There, he built one of the territory's first passively heated homes and converted a half-acre paddock into an organic garden.[6] He died on 25 July 2012 in Yass, New South Wales.[14] His wife survived him.[1] He is buried in Michelago, New South Wales, alongside the two daughters who predeceased him.[14] Honours and decorationsCoward received the 1939–45 Star with the rare Battle of Britain clasp.[19] He was awarded the Air Force Cross (AFC) in the 1954 New Years Honours.[20] Personal lifeCoward married Cynthia Bayon on 29 December 1939. Together they had four daughters, two of whom predeceased him.[19] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news|title=Air Commodore James Coward|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/air-force-obituaries/9515967/Air-Commodore-James-Coward.html|accessdate=6 September 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=2 September 2012}} 2. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34369 |date=9 February 1937 |page=895 }} 3. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34457 |date=23 November 1937 |page=7352 }} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Price|first=Alfred|title=The Spitfire Story|year=1982|publisher=Jane's Publishing Company Ltd|location=London|isbn=0-86720-624-1|pages=67}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Air Commodore J B Coward (39412)|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Coward_JB.htm|work=Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation|accessdate=11 September 2012|author=M B Barrass|date=4 September 2012}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Arthur|first=Max|title=Last of the Few: The Battle of Britain in the Words of the Pilots Who Won It|year=2010|publisher=Virgin Books|isbn=978-0753522271|pages=209–210|url=https://sites.google.com/site/littleshelfordhistory/little-shelford-people/spitfire-man-1|accessdate=7 September 2012}} 7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34996 |date=19 November 1940 |page=6633 |supp=y }} 8. ^{{cite journal|title=WAKE-UP MAN|journal=Journal of the International Churchill Societies|date=Autumn 1995|volume=1|issue=88|pages=5–6}} 9. ^{{London Gazette |issue=35383 |date=16 December 1941 |pages=7110–7112 |supp=y }} 10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=37530 |date=9 April 1946 |page=1847 |supp=y }} 11. ^{{London Gazette |issue=38049 |date=15 August 1947 |page=3897 |supp=y }} 12. ^{{London Gazette |issue=38108 |date=24 October 1947 |page=5063 |supp=y }} 13. ^{{London Gazette |issue=38514 |date=18 January 1949 |page=297 |supp=y }} 14. ^{{London Gazette |issue=39586 |date=27 June 1952 |page=3581 |supp=y }} 15. ^{{London Gazette |issue=41433 |date=1 July 1958 |page=4142 |supp=y }} 16. ^{{London Gazette |issue=42721 |date=29 June 1962 |page=5299 |supp=y }} 17. ^{{cite web|last=Mackie|first=Colin|title=Royal Air Force Senior Appointments|url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Royal%20Air%20Force%20Senior%20Appointments.pdf|accessdate=8 September 2012}} 18. ^{{London Gazette |issue=44939 |date=23 September 1969 |page=9711 |supp=y }} 19. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|title=Air Commodore James Baird Coward Obituary|author=Kristen Alexander and Air Commodore (Retd) Mark Lax RAAF|url=http://www.richcoward.com/blog/2012/08/air-commodore-james-baird-coward-obituary/|accessdate=7 September 2012|date=27 August 2012}} 20. ^{{London Gazette |issue=40053 |date=29 December 1953 |page=33 |supp=y }} External links
8 : 1915 births|2012 deaths|Royal Air Force officers|People educated at St John's School, Leatherhead|Air Cadet Organisation|Royal Air Force pilots of World War II|The Few|Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom) |
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