| 词条 | James Francis Tait |
| 释义 |
James Francis Tait was an English physicist and endocrinologist. He worked with his wife, Sylvia Agnes Sophia Tait from 1948 until her death in 2003,[1] a partnership described by the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography as "one of the most successful examples of husband-wife collaboration."[2] Together, they discovered and identified the hormone aldosterone. Early lifeTait was born in Stockton on Tees in 1926,[3] the son of Herbert and Constance Tait (née Brotherton). His parents ran a small grocery shop, but his father died when he was 10.[4] Tait attended Darlington Queen Elizabeth 1 Grammar School, where he took Physics, Chemistry, Maths and English Literature for the Higher School Certificate. He went to Leeds University to read Physics, graduating in 1945. He joined Whiddington's research group at Leeds. completing his PhD thesis entitled The energy distribution of electrons in discharge tubes in 1947.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} CareerTait joined the department of medical physics at Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, as a lecturer, where he started to work on adrenal steroids, building on work by Ralph Dorfman. They went on to discover a biologically active compound that they called electrocortin (later renamed aldosterone) in collaboration with Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein who had received the Nobel Prize for similar work on cortisol. The discovery was published in 1952. In 1958, the Taits moved to the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, where they worked with Gregory Pincus.[4] Tait developed mathematical methods to calculate hormone secretion rates from changes in the ratio of radioactively labelled to unlabelled hormone in urine. This developed into a new field of study – hormone dynamics. Tait undertook periods of leave at the Physiology Department at the University of Melbourne in Australia and at the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health at UM. Following Pincus' death, Tait became joint chairman of the scientific council of the Worcester Foundation. In 1970, the Taits returned to the Middlesex Hospital as joint heads of the Biophysical Endocrinology Unit. Tait was also Joel Professor of Physics as Applied to Medicine. They worked on adrenal zona glomerulosa cells. The Taits retired in 1982 and moved to East Boldre where they continued their scientific research using two Apple IIe computers running in parallel. In 2003, a scientific meeting was organised in London to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of Aldosterone, but Sylvia died shortly beforehand and Tait was undergoing diabetes treatment in the Royal Bournemouth Hospital. Tait subsequently moved to Harrogate and continued his scientific interests and writing. He authored or co-authored over 150 scientific papers during his career. Tait died in Harrogate hospital on 2 February 2014.[4] Awards and honours
References1. ^{{cite journal|author1=Derek A Denton |author2= I MacIntyre|journal= Biographical Memoirs of the Royal Society|volume= 52|pages= 379–399|title=Sylvia Agnes Sophia Tait|publisher=The Royal Society publishing|date= 1 December 2006}} 2. ^{{cite web|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|access-date=2016-04-11|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/89/101089837/|title=Sylvia Tait}} 3. ^{{cite web|publisher= Ancestry.co.uk|url=http://interactive.ancestry.co.uk/8782/ons_b19261az-1234?pid=37665744&backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.ancestry.co.uk%2f%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3fgss%3dangs-c%26new%3d1%26rank%3d1%26msT%3d1%26gsfn%3dJames%2bFrancis%26gsfn_x%3d0%26gsln%3dTait%26gsln_x%3d0%26msbdy%3d1922%26msbdy_x%3d1%26msbdp%3d10%26msbpn__ftp%3dStockton-on-Tees%252c%2bDurham%252c%2bEngland%26msbpn%3d1652410%26msbpn_PInfo%3d8-%257c0%257c0%257c3257%257c3251%257c0%257c0%257c0%257c5263%257c1652410%257c0%257c%26_83004003-n_xcl%3df%26cpxt%3d1%26cp%3d11%26MSAV%3d0%26uidh%3deg5%26pcat%3dBMD_BIRTH%26h%3d37665744%26recoff%3d3%2b4%2b5%26db%3dONSBirth84%26indiv%3d1%26ml_rpos%3d1&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true"|access-date=2016-04-11|title=Register of Births}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Obituary:Professor James F Tait: Scientist whose work on steroids helped medical research into heart disease and oral contraception| work=The Independent|date=21 February 2014}} 5. ^Vinson, Gavin P.; Coghlan, John P. (2018). "James Francis Tait. 1 December 1925—2 February 2014". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. doi:[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0015 10.1098/rsbm.2018.0015] Sources
6 : 1926 births|2014 deaths|Alumni of the University of Leeds|British endocrinologists|Fellows of the Royal Society|People from Stockton-on-Tees |
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