| 词条 | Bank of America Plaza (Dallas) | ||||
| 释义 |
| name = Bank of America Plaza | image = Bank of America Plaza, July 2017.jpg | former_names = Dallas Main Center Interfirst Bank Plaza Republic Bank Plaza First Republic Bank Plaza NCNB Plaza NationsBank Plaza | location = 901 Main Street Dallas, Texas 75202 | coordinates = {{coord|32.7799|-96.8038|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} | start_date = 1983 | completion_date = 1985 | building_type = Commercial offices | architectural = {{convert|280.7|m|abbr=on}} | roof = {{convert|279|m|abbr=on}} | observatory = {{convert|268.4|m|abbr=on}} | floor_count = 74 | elevator_count = | cost = {{US$|146 million}} | floor_area = {{convert|1844000|sqft|abbr=on}} | architect = JPJ Architects | structural_engineer= Brockette Davis Drake LeMessurier Consultants | main_contractor = | developer = | owner = Dallas Main LP | management = Peloton Commercial Real Estate | references = [1][2][3][4] }} Bank of America Plaza is a 72-story, {{convert|280.7|m|abbr=on}} late-modernist skyscraper located in the Main Street District in the city's downtown core in Dallas, Texas, United States. It is the tallest skyscraper in the city, the 3rd tallest in Texas and the 32nd tallest in the United States. It contains {{convert|1900000|sqft|abbr=on}} of office space. The building was designed by JPJ Architects and developed by Bramalea Limited of Toronto. The original owner was a joint venture arrangement including Prudential Insurance, Bramalea Limited, and First National Bank of Dallas under parent company InterFirst Corporation.[5] Construction commenced in 1983 and the tower was completed in 1985. HistoryThe building was designed by JPJ Architects and developed by Bramalea Limited of Toronto. The original owner was a joint venture arrangement including Prudential Insurance, Bramalea Limited, and First National Bank of Dallas under parent company InterFirst Corporation.[5] Construction commenced in 1982 and the tower was completed in 1985. The development was originally called the Dallas Main Center, but has taken many names over its short history. Upon opening the tower was called InterFirst Bank Plaza and has been renamed several times because of the mergers and acquisitions in the banking industry. In 1986 the tower was renamed First Republic Bank Plaza after InterFirst Corporation's merger with Republic Bank Corporation. First Republic Corporation later failed and was sold in 1988 to Charlotte-based North Carolina National Bank by the Resolution Trust Corporation becoming NCNB Texas. The tower was renamed NCNB Plaza.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} In 1991, in order to reflect its growing national portfolio NCNB rebranded themselves and the tower took the name NationsBank Plaza, and finally the building was renamed Bank of America Plaza in 1998 after NationsBank acquired San Francisco-based Bank of America and taking their name and operating under their charter.[6] DesignArchitectureOriginal plans for the development, initially called Dallas Main Center, called for two 72-story towers, a 600-room hotel, and a parking garage. Original designs for the tower were capped with stepped pyramid crowns and were initially intended to be clad in a silver glazing with gold accent band curtain wall. In order to gain FAA approval to build the tower, the stepped pyramid was removed. Another design change altered the curtain wall materials, which were replaced with blue glazing and grey marble accent bands.[7] As a result of the collapse of the price for oil, real estate, and banking industry in Texas in the mid-eighties, the twin tower and hotel were never completed. The hotel site remains a surface parking lot, and the site of the second 72-story tower was purchased by the City of Dallas after a 2006 bond election. The surface parking lot was converted into Belo Garden Park. LightingThe building's facetted facade is accented at night by nearly {{convert|2|mile|km|0}} of green argon lighting running primarily at the edges and corners of the tower. Green was chosen over red or blue because it is more visible from a distance. It has also been reported that the second tower, if built would have been accented with purple lighting. Several months later, many of the argon tubes had burnt out due to a combination of several high voltage phenomena--one of which is referred to as the "corona effect" that discharges high voltage at the ends of the tube connections burning them out. After an intensive study, the developer shut down the entire lighting system and replaced it with a "mid-point grounded" system and larger, 18 mm tubes. Cold temperatures continued to plague the replacement system's performance. In a renovation project that began in May 2013, the original green argon lighting was replaced with multi-colored LED tubes. The renovations were 90 percent complete by November 14, 2013, when the LED outline was showcased at the re-lighting ceremony. This was made possible by Innovative Lighting in Irving, and Turner Construction.[7] ArtAlexander Liberman's sculpture "Venture" (1985) was located in the front plaza of the building until April 2013. The {{convert|38|ft|m|adj=on}} tall sculpture is composed of twelve wide steel tubes of approximately 1” thickness cut into various lengths and stacked end-to-end and painted red. The current building owners removed the sculpture to make room for a valet parking entry to the building. The sculpture was donated to the City of Dallas in hopes that it would soon be relocated and on display as part of the city's 300-piece public art program. During the 2013 renovation of the building's lighting, the nearby OMNI Hotel's LED system was host to the 2nd edition of the Video Association of Dallas' EXPANDED CINEMA video exhibition. One work in the program, "Ar City" by Dallas-based artist Michael A. Morris, poetically addressed the transition from the argon lighting to the new LED system, drawing attention to the absence of the green light on the skyline by reproducing the color with the OMNI's lights and musing on the uses of liquid argon.[8][9][10] Broadcast and communications centerThe top two floors function as a broadcast communications tower using the building itself as a broadcast tower structure. ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX and The CW operate television transmission facilities on the 72nd floor and 74th level roof as well as most federal law enforcement agencies. All point-to-point microwave and fixed-service antennas are concealed within a specifically designed glass communications parapet on the top floor. The base of the 73rd floor parapet opens to the 72nd floor data and communications center below allowing for easy and safe access during installation and servicing of wireless devices. It also protects the hardware from weather. The building operates a sophisticated in-building distributed antenna system as well as a shared tenant data center. James Chiles designed this facility in 1985 one year prior to his rooftop antenna design of Renaissance Tower in 1986.[11] Amateur radio operators also install repeater systems on this building. Floor directoryThe 72nd-73rd floor is house to the broadcasting and communication and it is used for television facilities including FOX, ABC, CNN and TBS. Access to the 73rd floor is used for the shuttle elevator that transfers to the 70th and 71st floors respectively. The express elevator takes you to the 70th floor, which houses the observatory. It sends you from the Lower lobby to level 70 in about 40 seconds. 13 is considered an unlucky number in the North American culture, so what would have been the lobby is used as the 3rd floor. The 5th floor was replaced by level 4 that is compensate for the skipped floor number which considers that 13 skipped at that time. The lower level contains retail such as shops and restaurants and it also connects to the underground. The double deck elevator is used to serve both odd and even floors.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} In popular cultureExterior shots of the building were used as the home of JRE Industries in Season 11 of the 1980s television series Dallas.[12] See also{{Portal|Dallas-Fort Worth}}
References1. ^{{CTBUH|630}} 2. ^{{Emporis|118414}} 3. ^{{SkyscraperPage|135}} 4. ^{{Structurae|20011643}} 5. ^1 {{cite web | last=Seidel |first=Jeff | title=Interfirst Corporation | url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/coi01 |website=Texas State Historical Association}} 6. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/business/business/2015/04/14/dallas-green-building-turns-30-with-a-storied-past-to-match-its-height|title=Dallas’ green building turns 30 with a storied past to match its height}} 7. ^1 {{cite web | author= | title=Blogs Dallas Morning News Dallas' Tallest Tower was Always Planned as a Skyline Standout | url=http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/2013/05/downtown-dallas-tallest-tower-was-always-planned-as-a-skyline-standout.html/}} 8. ^{{cite web | author=Raquel Chapa | title=Ar City, Dallas VideoFest | url=http://videofest.org/2013/09/ar-city/#.U3-fYFhdWy9/}} 9. ^{{cite web | author=Michael A. Morris | title=Ar City | url=https://vimeo.com/85507288/}} 10. ^{{cite web | author=Mona Kasra | url=http://videofest.org/expanded-cinema-multiplicity/#.U3-mqFhdWy9/}} 11. ^http://interchange.puc.state.tx.us/WebApp/Interchange/Documents/45683_1_884257.PDF 12. ^{{cite web | author= | title=Dallas locations - buildings used in the series | url=http://www.ultimatedallas.com/episodeguide/locations3.html | work=Ultimate Dallas | year=2010 | accessdate=2010-04-06}} External links{{Commons category|Bank of America Plaza (Dallas)}}
5 : Bank of America buildings|Downtown Dallas|Skyscraper office buildings in Dallas|Office buildings completed in 1985|Buildings and structures in Dallas |
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