| 词条 | Assia Wevill |
| 释义 |
| name = Assia Wevill | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1927|05|15}} | birth_place = Berlin, Germany | birth_name = Assia Esther Gutmann | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1969|03|23|1927|05|15}} | death_place = London, England | death_cause = Suicide | nationality = German | other_names = | partner = Ted Hughes | occupation = | spouse = Sgt. John Steele Richard Lipsey David Wevill | children = 1 | education = | alma_mater = University of British Columbia, Vancouver }}Assia Esther Wevill (15 May 1927 – 23 March 1969) was a German woman who escaped the Nazis at the beginning of World War II and emigrated to Mandate Palestine, then later the United Kingdom, where she had a relationship with the English poet Ted Hughes. She killed herself and their four-year-old daughter Shura using a gas oven, similar to Hughes's first wife Sylvia Plath six years earlier.[1] Early lifeAssia Gutmann was the daughter of a Jewish physician of Latvian origin, Dr. Lonya Gutmann, and a German Lutheran mother, Elisabeth "Lisa" (née Gaedeke).[2] Her sister Celia was born 22 September, 1929. She spent most of her youth in Tel Aviv. Cited by friends and family as a free-spirited young woman, she would go out to dance at the British soldiers' club, where she met Sergeant John Steele, who became her first husband and with whom she moved to London in 1946.{{cn|date=August 2018}} According to her biographers, Yehuda Koren and Eilat Negev, "she had entered an essentially loveless marriage with an Englishman at the age of 20 – largely to enable her family to emigrate to England."[3] The couple later emigrated to Vancouver, Canada, where Assia enrolled in the University of British Columbia and met her second husband, Canadian economist Richard Lipsey.[4] In 1956, on a ship to London, she met the 21-year-old poet David Wevill. They began an affair and Assia divorced Lipsey; she married Wevill in 1960.[5] CareerAssia was a refugee from Nazi Germany and was linguistically gifted. She had a successful career in advertising[6] and was an aspiring poet who published, under her maiden name Assia Gutmann, an English translation of the work of Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai.[7][8] Ted HughesIn 1961, poets Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath rented their flat in Chalcot Square, Primrose Hill, London, to Assia and David Wevill, and took up residence at North Tawton, Devon. Hughes was immediately struck with Assia, as she was with him. He later wrote: We didn't find her - she found us. She sniffed us out... She sat there... Slightly filthy with erotic mystery... I saw the dreamer in her Had fallen in love with me and she did not know it. That moment the dreamer in me Fell in love with her, and I knew it.[9] Plath noted their chemistry. Soon afterward, Ted and Assia began an affair. At the time of Plath's suicide, Assia was pregnant with Hughes's child, but she had an abortion soon after Plath's death. The actual relationship, who instigated it, and its circumstances have been hotly debated for many years.[10] After Plath's suicide, Hughes moved Assia into Court Green (the North Tawton, Devon home he had bought with Plath), where Assia helped care for Hughes's and Plath's two children, Frieda and Nicholas. Assia was reportedly haunted by Plath's memory; she even began using things that had once belonged to Plath.[11] In their biography of Wevill, Lover of Unreason, Koren and Negev maintain that she used Plath's items not from obsession, but for the sake of practicality since she was maintaining a household for Hughes and his children. On 3 March 1965 at age 37, Wevill gave birth to Alexandra Tatiana Elise, nicknamed Shura, while still married to David Wevill. Ostracized by her lover's friends and family,[12][10] and eclipsed by the figure of Plath in public life, Assia became anxious and suspicious of Hughes's infidelity, which was real enough. Hughes began affairs with Brenda Hedden, a married acquaintance who frequented their home, and Carol Orchard, a nurse 20 years his junior, whom he would later marry in 1970. Assia's relationship with Hughes was also fraught with complexities, as shown by a collection of his letters to her that have been acquired by Emory University.[13] She was continually distraught by his reluctance to marry her and establish a home together, while treating her as a "housekeeper".[14] Most of Hughes's friends indicate that while he never publicly claimed Shura as his daughter, his sister Olwyn said that she believed the child was his.[15] DeathOn 23 March 1969, Assia gassed herself and four-year-old Shura in their London home on 3 Okeover Manor, Clapham Common. She had first sealed the kitchen door and window, then dissolved sleeping pills in a glass of water, chased with whiskey, and then turned on the gas stove. She and Shura were found by the family's German au-pair, Else Ludwig, lying together on a mattress in the kitchen. LegacyIn advertisingAssia composed the 90-second "Sea Witches" advertisement for a ladies' hair-dye product for both television and cinemas, called a "breakthrough in type" and a "huge success" by her biographers, Koren and Negev, that was "applauded in theaters." The advert can be viewed in some classic ad compilations or sometimes as an online posting.[6] In literature
She wanted the silent heraldry Of the purple beach by the noble wall. He wanted Cabala the ghetto demon With its polythene bag full of ashes.
When her grave opened its ugly mouth why didn't you just fly, Why did you kneel down at the grave's edge to be identified accused and convicted?
your own hands, stronger than your choked outcry, Took your daughter from you. She was stripped from you, The last raiment Clinging round your neck, the sole remnant Between you and the bed In the underworld
In film and television
References1. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/24/books/24plath.html?em | title = Son of Sylvia Plath commits suicide | newspaper = The New York Times | first = Anahad | last = O'Connor | date = 23 March 2009 | accessdate = 23 March 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140225204249/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/24/books/24plath.html?em| archivedate=February 25, 2014| deadurl= no}} 2. ^[https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/books/sorry-affair-1-723105] 3. ^{{cite news|title=I'm going to seduce Ted Hughes|work=The Telegraph|author=Koren, Yehuda|author2=Negev, Eilat|last-author-amp=yes |date= September 9, 2006|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1528416/Im-going-to-seduce-Ted-Hughes.html}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Lipsey|first1=Richard|title=Microeconomics, growth and political economy|date=1997|publisher=Elgar|page=xiv and footnote 4, page xxxv}} 5. ^{{cite news | title = Haunted by the ghosts of love | newspaper = The Guardian | date = 10 April 1999 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/saturday_review/story/0,,307083,00.html | location = London | accessdate = 9 January 2007}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last=Koren|first=Yehuda|title=A Lover of Unreason|year=2006|publisher=Robson Books|location=London|isbn=1861059744|page=151}} 7. ^{{cite book |title=Selected Poems |first=Yehuds |last=Amichai |authorlink=Yehuda Amichai |translator=Assia Gutmann |location=London |publisher=Cape Goliard Press |year=1968}} 8. ^{{cite book |title=Selected Poems |first=Yehuds |last=Amichai |authorlink=Yehuda Amichai |translator=Assia Gutmann and Harold Schimmel, with collaboration of Ted Hughes |location=Harmondsworth |publisher=Penguin Books |year=1971}} 9. ^{{cite news|author=Hughes, Ted|title=Dreamers|work=Birthday Letters|publisher= Faber & Faber|date= 1998}} 10. ^1 {{cite news | title = 'I realised Sylvia knew about Assia's pregnancy - it might have offered a further explanation of her suicide' | first = Elizabeth | last = Sigmund | newspaper = The Guardian | url = https://www.theguardian.com/Archive/Article/0,4273,3857472,00.html | date = 23 April 1999 | accessdate = 10 October 2010}} 11. ^{{cite web | first = Tim | last = Morris | title = The People in Sylvia's Life | publisher = University of Texas, Arlington | url = http://www.uta.edu/english/tim/poetry/sp/the%20people%20in%20sylvia.htm | accessdate = 10 October 2010}} 12. ^{{cite news | title = Written out of history | first1 = Yehuda | last1 = Koren | first2 = Eilat | last2 = Negev | url = https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/oct/19/biography.tedhughes | newspaper = The Guardian | date = 19 October 2006 | accessdate = 10 October 2010}} 13. ^{{cite news | title = Ted Hughes Letters Go to Emory University | first = Julie | last = Bosman | newspaper = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/10/books/10hughes.html | date = 10 January 2007 | accessdate = 10 October 2010}} 14. ^{{cite news | title = Ted Hughes, the domestic tyrant | first = David | last = Smith | newspaper = The Observer | url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/10/books.shopping | date = 10 September 2006 | accessdate = 10 October 2010}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GVMiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|title=The Cambridge Companion to Ted Hughes|first=Terry|last=Gifford|date=30 June 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=30 May 2018|via=Google Books}} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=Scott|first1=A. O. |authorlink=A. O. Scott |date=17 October 2003|title=FILM REVIEW; A Poet's Death, A Death's Poetry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE2DF143EF934A25753C1A9659C8B63|accessdate=20 July 2018 |agency=The New York Times Company |publisher=The New York Times}} 17. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06j7pkl |title=BBC Two - Ted Hughes: Stronger Than Death |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=10 October 2015 |accessdate=10 October 2015}} Further reading
17 : 1927 births|1969 deaths|Female suicides|British emigrants to Canada|German emigrants to Canada|German people of Russian-Jewish descent|Murder–suicides in the United Kingdom|Filicides|People from Berlin|Socialites who committed suicide|Suicides by carbon monoxide poisoning|Suicides in London|German emigrants to Mandatory Palestine|People from Tel Aviv|People with acquired British citizenship|British people of Russian-Jewish descent|British people of German-Jewish descent |
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