| 词条 | Sajjad Zaheer |
| 释义 |
| name = Sajjad Zaheer | image = | imagesize = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_date = {{birth date|1899|11|05|df=y}} | birth_place = Lucknow, United Provinces, India | death_date = {{death date and age|1973|09|11|1899|11|05|df=y}} | death_place = Alma Ata, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (then in USSR, now Kazakhstan) | occupation = Marxist ideologue, writer and poet in Urdu | nationality = Indian, Pakistani (briefly) | ethnicity = | citizenship = Indian, Pakistani (briefly) | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genre = Ghazal, Drama | subject = | movement = Progressive Writers' Movement | notableworks = Angaaray | spouse = Razia Sajjad Zaheer | partner = | children = 4, including Nadira Babbar | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = }} Syed Sajjad Zaheer ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq| سید سجاد ظہیر }}}}) ( 5 November 1899 – 13 September 1973) was an Urdu writer, Marxist ideologue and radical revolutionary who worked in both India and Pakistan. In the pre-independence era, he was a member of the Communist Party of India. Upon independence and partition, he moved to the newly created Pakistan and became a founding member of the Communist Party of Pakistan. Background and familyZaheer was born in Lucknow, India, into a Muslim family.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} His forebears, who had come to India as from Iran, had received an estate in Avadh (Oudh). Zaheer's father, Syed Wazir Hasan, had received an English education and become a barrister. He later became a judge and retired as Chief Justice of Oudh, receiving a knighthood.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Zaheer's mother was Sakina-tul-Fatima. Zaheer was one of their seven children (five sons and two daughters).{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} One of his brothers, Syed Ali Zaheer, was the India's Ambassador to Iran.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Zaheer was the uncle of Nurul Hasan, a Congress Minister in the Union Government and later a Governor.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} CareerAfter initial education in India, Zaheer studied law in England and became a barrister.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He never practiced law and never earned a regular living.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} He was one of the founding members of the Progressive Writers Association and remained an full-time member of the Communist Party of India throughout his life.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Revolutionary writerA collection of short stories, Angaaray (embers), which had stories by Sajjad Zaheer, Ahmed Ali, Rashid Jahan and Mahmud-uz-Zafar was published in 1932 and banned in 1933 by the British Government of India "for hurting the religious susceptibilities of a section of the community."[1] This gave rise to the All-India Progressive Writers' Movement & Association of which both Sajjad Zaheer and Ahmed Ali were co-founders.[2] The first official conference of the Association was held in Lucknow in 1936, which was presided over by Munshi Premchand.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Emigration to Pakistan and jailIn 1947, the British departed from India after partitioning the country and creating Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} The landlords of Oudh, led by Mohammad Amir Ahmad Khan, had supported and financially backed the Muslim League.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Zaheer, who was a leading member of the Communist Party of India, now became one of the founding members of the Communist Party of Pakistan, which he founded along with Faiz Ahmad Faiz in 1948.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Zaheer and Faiz Ahmad Faiz were convicted and jailed in Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case along with Mohammad Husain Ata, Zafarullah Poshni, and others.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Major General Akbar Khan was allegedly the main conspirator.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} The Rawalpindi conspiracy was a Soviet-backed plot, hatched by the recently founded Communist Party of Pakistan (co-founded by Zaheer), to seize power in Pakistan and establish a communist state.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Return to IndiaSajjad Zaheer was extradited to India in 1954 by the Government of Pakistan, and revived his activities in India through Progressive Writers' Association, Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) and Afro-Asian Writers' Association.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Personal lifeSajjad and his wife Razia Sajjad Zaheer had four daughters, including Naseem Bhatia, who holds a PhD in History (ancient history) from a Russian university.[3] She became vice-chancellor of Jai Narain Vyas University.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} DeathZaheer died aged 68 on 13 September 1973 while attending a conference of Afro-Asian writers at Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, which at that time was a Soviet republic.{{Citation needed|date= July 2018}} Published writings{{Unreferenced section|date= July 2018}}
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Angaaray|url=http://www.penguinbooksindia.com/en/content/angaaray|publisher=Penguin Books India}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/913850929|title=Communism in Pakistan : politics and class activism 1947-1972|last=1961-|first=Ali, Kamran Asdar,|publisher=|year=|isbn=9781784532000|location=London|pages=83|oclc=913850929}} 3. ^[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9KirgUTvXXcC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=naseem+bhatia&source=bl&ots=487D7uHwwP&sig=kmQh3jUViywmOcOI2yikinl8gys&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi5w6Sp6ofTAhXFNY8KHcx3BFwQ6AEISjAJ#v=onepage&q=naseem%20bhatia&f=false] Further reading
| last = Zaheer | first = Sajjad | authorlink = Sajjad Zaheer | title = The Light: The History of the Movement for Progressive Literature in the Indo-Pakistan Sub Continent | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-19-547155-5}}
External links
23 : 1904 births|1973 deaths|Pakistani writers|Pakistani dramatists and playwrights|Urdu poets|Pakistani politicians|Indian Marxist writers|Muhajir people|Pakistani communists|Alumni of New College, Oxford|Alumni of the University of London|University of Lucknow alumni|Indian Communist writers|Communist Party of Pakistan politicians|People extradited to India|20th-century poets|Writers from Lucknow|Novelists from Uttar Pradesh|Poets from Uttar Pradesh|20th-century Indian novelists|20th-century Indian poets|20th-century Indian short story writers|20th-century Indian essayists |
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