| 词条 | John McClelland (soldier) |
| 释义 |
John McClelland (1766–1849) was an officer in the War of 1812. He was the son of American Revolutionary War officer Lieutenant-Colonel John B. McClelland, who was a casualty of Colonel Crawford's ill-fated Sandusky Expedition. Early lifeMcClelland was born in September 1766 in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania (later to become Bedford, afterward Westmoreland, and finally Fayette County) to Lt. Colonel John B. McClelland (1734–1782) and Martha Dale (1741–1822), near the Brown Settlement at Redstone Creek, which was referred to as Union Township at the time. He married Rachel Orr (1770–1843) in 1787. Like his father and his older brothers Hugh and Alexander, John actively participated in the American Revolutionary War.[1][2] In 1781, at the age of fifteen, McClelland (sometimes spelled "McClellan") enlisted at Guilford Township (now Franklin County, Pennsylvania) in the Eighth Company of the First Battalion of Cumberland County Militia, commanded by Colonel James Johnston; 6th Class, reporting to Captain James Young. Whiskey RebellionDuring the early 1790s, John McClelland took part in the Whiskey Rebellion, as a member of the "Whiskey Boys", a group of citizens who were infuriated that Congress had imposed a biased tax on whiskey, intended to pay back government bond holders.[3] While smaller distilleries were to pay taxes by the gallon, larger distillers could take advantage of a flat fee, putting the smaller distilleries at an obvious disadvantage. Their discontent stemmed from factors similar to that which characterized their experience leading up to the Revolutionary War: a sense of isolation and alienation from government authorities that failed to consider their needs and interests. The excise tax, passed in July 1791, placed a considerable burden on western farmers who converted excess grain into whiskey, which was easier to transport and much more marketable. Despite continued petitions from western counties, Congress refused to repeal the tax and westerners reacted by ignoring the tax, harassing tax collectors, destroying property, and raising liberty poles. A meeting of key residents of the western counties of Pennsylvania, the proceedings of which plainly indicated that the feeling of opposition had intensified, took place on August 21 and 22, 1794. The following delegates were present: John Canon, William Wallace, Shesbazer Bentley, Benjamin Parkison, John Huey, John Badollet, John Hamilton, Neal Gillespie, David Bradford, Rev. David Phillips, Matthew Jamison, James Marshel, James Robinson, James Stewart, Robert McClure, Peter Lyle, Alexander Long, Samuel Wilson, Edward Cook, Albert Gallatin, John Smilie, Bazil Bowel, Thomas Gaddis, and John McClellan. In July 1794, approximately 7,000 local militiamen marched on Pittsburgh, whose citizens they believed supported the tax. The mob banished several of the townspeople and news of the uprising prompted George Washington to raise a 15,000-man force to march on Western Pennsylvania. McClelland, serving as Chair of the Committee, attempted to reconcile by submitting the following appeal on September 1, 1794.
Washington's troops didn't reach Pittsburgh until October, however, and the rebel army had already dispersed. Federal officers arrested 150 men they identified as being involved in the rebellion. Of these, twenty-four were taken to Philadelphia for trial, but only two were convicted. Nevertheless, they were then given presidential pardons due to their exceptional service throughout the American Revolutionary War. War of 1812During the War of 1812, John McClelland (not to be confused with Private John McClelland, born abt. 1793) served in the Pennsylvania Militia, Company of Infantry, under the command of Captain John Barrickman[4][5] (occasionally misspelled as Banickman) of the First Regiment, Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General Richard Crooks, in the service of the United States. Along with U.S. regulars and militia from Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, the First Regiment, Second Brigade, under the command of Captain John Barrickman, defended Fort Meigs in May, and again in July, 1813. After two failed siege attempts, the British Army attacked Fort Stephenson (now Fremont, Ohio). The attack on Fort Stephenson also failed, causing heavy British losses, and forcing their retreat to Canada. Barrickman ultimately promoted McClelland to the rank of Ensign,[6][7] Third Company. Later lifeAlthough he operated a general store prior to the war, and owned property in Monongalia County, Virginia (now West Virginia), John McClelland lived in Uniontown with his wife Rachel, daughter Sarah (1786–1826), and son Andrew (1797–1868) on his farm near Morgantown Road, for nearly thirty years after the war. He died August 15, 1849, in Georges Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania and is buried at Tent Presbyterian Cemetery (275 Tent Church Road, Uniontown, Pennsylvania 15401). Notes1. ^Pennsylvania Secretary of the Commonwealth, Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Volume 6 p. 111. 2. ^Daughters of the American Revolution, Patriot Index: McClellan, John (A075040) 3. ^Pennsylvania Secretary of the Commonwealth, Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, Volume 4 pp. 212-215, 233 4. ^Pennsylvania Secretary of the Commonwealth, Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, Volume 7 p. 47 5. ^Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, War of 1812 Index of Soldiers Undated (Series 2.61, M, Pages 41,53,66,77) 6. ^Barrickman, Captain John Barrickman's Diary: Account and General Record Book in the War of 1812 pp. 24,33,40. 7. ^Egle, Notes & Queries, Historical, Biographical & Genealogical: Volume 1900 p. 164 References
8 : 1766 births|1849 deaths|American military personnel of the War of 1812|American people of Scotch-Irish descent|American Presbyterians|Pennsylvania militiamen in the American Revolution|People from Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|People of colonial Pennsylvania |
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