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词条 Santa Cruz County, California
释义

  1. History

  2. Geography

     Flora and fauna  Adjacent counties 

  3. Demographics

     2010  2000 

  4. Politics

     Voter registration  Cities by population and voter registration 

  5. Crime

     Cities by population and crime rates 

  6. Economy

      Housing Market    Land Use   Top employers  Winemaking and wineries 

  7. Education

     Four-year universities  Two-year college 

  8. Transportation

     Major highways  County routes  Public transportation  Airports 

  9. Communities

     Cities  Census-designated places  Unincorporated community  Population ranking 

  10. See also

  11. Notes

  12. References

  13. External links

{{Distinguish|Santa Cruz County, Arizona}}{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2014}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Santa Cruz County, California
| settlement_type = County
| official_name = County of Santa Cruz
| image_skyline = {{photomontage
| photo1a = Santa Cruz, California - Boardwalk.jpg
| photo2a = Bigbasinredwoods.jpg
| photo2b = Roaring Camp Shay1 04.jpg
| photo3a = DowntownWatsonville.JPG
| photo3b = Davenportbeach.jpg
| spacing = 1
| size = 300
| foot_montage = Images, from top down, left to right: The Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk in 2005, a walkway through redwood groves in Big Basin Redwoods State Park, the Roaring Camp and Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad in 2008, Downtown Watsonville in 2010, Davenport Beach in 2006.
}}
| image_flag = Flag of Santa Cruz County, California.svg
| image_seal = Seal of Santa Cruz County, California.png
| image_map = Map of California highlighting Santa Cruz County.svg
| mapsize = 200px
| map_caption = Location in the state of California
| image_map1 = Map of USA CA.svg
| mapsize1 = 200px
| map_caption1 = California's location in the United States
| coordinates = {{coord|37.03|-122.01|type:adm2nd_region:US-CA_source:UScensus1990|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{US}}}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = Central Coast
| subdivision_type3 = CSA
| subdivision_name3 = San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date = February 18, 1850[1]
| named_for = Mission Santa Cruz and the city of Santa Cruz, both named after the Exaltation of the Cross
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| seat_type = County seat
| seat = Santa Cruz
| seat1_type = Largest city
| seat1 = Santa Cruz
| unit_pref = US
| area_total_sq_mi = 607
| area_land_sq_mi = 445
| area_water_sq_mi = 162
| elevation_max_footnotes = [2]
| elevation_max_ft = 3234
| elevation_min_footnotes =
| elevation_min_ft =
| population_as_of = April 1, 2010
| population_footnotes = [3]
| population_total = 262382
| pop_est_as_of = 2016
| pop_est_footnotes = [4]
| population_est = 274673
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| timezone = Pacific Time Zone
|utc_offset = −8
| timezone_DST = Pacific Daylight Time
|utc_offset_DST = −7
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Area code
| area_code = 831
| blank_name_sec1 = FIPS code
| blank_info_sec1 = 06-087
| blank1_name_sec1 = GNIS feature ID
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{GNIS 4|277308}}
| website = {{URL|www.co.santa-cruz.ca.us}}
}}Santa Cruz County, California, officially the County of Santa Cruz, is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 262,382.[3] The county seat is Santa Cruz.[4]

Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is on the California Central Coast,[5] south of the San Francisco Bay Area region. The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay, with Monterey County forming the southern coast.

History

Santa Cruz County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. In the original act, the county was given the name of "Branciforte" after the Spanish pueblo founded there in 1797. A major watercourse in the county, Branciforte Creek, still bears this name. Less than two months later on April 5, 1850,[6] the name was changed to "Santa Cruz" ("Holy Cross").

Mission Santa Cruz, established in 1791 and completed in 1794, was destroyed by the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake, but a smaller-scale replica was erected in 1931.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|607|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|445|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|162|sqmi}} (27%) is water.[7] It is the second-smallest county in California by land area and third-smallest by total area. Of California's counties, only San Francisco is physically smaller.

The county is situated on a wide coastline with over {{convert|29|mi|km|adj=off}} of beaches.[8] It is a strip of about {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=off}} wide between the coast and the crest of the Santa Cruz Mountains at the northern end of the Monterey Bay. It can be divided roughly into four regions: the rugged "north coast"; the urban City of Santa Cruz, Soquel, Capitola, and Aptos; mountainous Bonny Doon, San Lorenzo River Valley; and the fertile "south county", including Watsonville and Corralitos. Agriculture is concentrated in the coastal lowlands of the county's northern and southern ends. Most of the coastline is flanked by cliffs.

Flora and fauna

Santa Cruz County is home to the following threatened or endangered species:[9]

  • California clapper rail – endangered (1970)[10]
  • California red-legged frog – threatened (1996)[11]
  • California tiger salamander – Central California DPS, threatened (2004)[12]
  • Coho salmon – Central California Coast ESU is endangered (2005)[13]
  • Marbled murrelet – threatened (1992)[14]
  • Mount Hermon June beetle – endangered (1997)[15]
  • Ohlone tiger beetle – endangered (2001)[16]
  • San Francisco garter snake – endangered (1967)[17]
  • Santa Cruz long-toed salamander – endangered (1967)[18]
  • Santa Cruz tarweed – threatened (2000)
  • Smith's blue butterfly – endangered (1976)
  • Southern sea otter – threatened (1977)[19]
  • Steelhead – Central California Coast DPS is threatened (2011)[20]
  • Tidewater goby – endangered (1994)
  • Western snowy plover – threatened (1993)
  • Yellow-billed cuckoo – threatened (2014)[21]
  • Zayante band-winged grasshopper – endangered (1997)[22]

Año Nuevo State Marine Conservation Area, Greyhound Rock State Marine Conservation Area and Natural Bridges State Marine Reserve are marine protected areas off the coast of Santa Cruz County. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems.

Adjacent counties

{{Annotated image | float=right
| image = Santa Cruz County adjacents.svg
| image-width = 300 | width = 294 | height=337
| image-bg-color = #8080c0; font-size:smaller
| annotations ={{annotation|105|180|Santa Cruz}}{{annotation|180|120|Santa Clara}}{{annotation|30|53|San
Mateo}}{{annotation|261|242|San
Benito}}{{annotation|219|294|Monterey}}{{annotation|24|203|Pacific
Ocean}}{{annotation|120|263|Monterey
Bay}}
| caption = Counties and bodies of water adjacent to Santa Cruz County, California
}}{{clear}}

Demographics

The county of Santa Cruz has experienced demographic fluctuations in recent history. Between 1990 and 2000, population increased 11.3%. This is primarily not because of immigration or migration, but because of new births.[23]

In 1980, Santa Cruz county was 21% Latino, which rose to 28% in 1990 and 39% in 2000. The area between Watsonville in south Santa Cruz County and Salinas Valley of northern Monterey County is primarily Latino.[23]

2010

{{US Census population
|1850= 643
|1860= 4944
|1870= 8743
|1880= 12802
|1890= 19270
|1900= 21512
|1910= 26140
|1920= 26269
|1930= 37433
|1940= 45057
|1950= 66534
|1960= 84219
|1970= 123790
|1980= 188141
|1990= 229734
|2000= 255602
|2010= 262382
|estyear=2017
|estimate=275897
|estref=[33]
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[34]
1790–1960[35] 1900–1990[36]
1990–2000[37] 2010–2015[3]
}}

The 2010 United States Census reported Santa Cruz County had a population of 262,382. The racial makeup of Santa Cruz County was 190,208 (72.5%) White, 2,766 (1.1%) African American, 2,253 (0.9%) Native American, 11,112 (4.2%) Asian, 349 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 43,376 (16.5%) from other races, and 12,318 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 84,092 persons (32.0%).[38]

2000

As of the census[39] of 2000, there were 255,602 people, 91,139 households, and 57,144 families residing in the county. The population density was 574 people per square mile (222/km2). There were 98,873 housing units at an average density of 222 per square mile (86/km2).

There were 91,139 households out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the county, the population was spread out with 23.8% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $53,998, and the median income for a family was $61,941. Males had a median income of $46,291 versus $33,514 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,396. About 6.7% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.50% of those under age 18 and 6.30% of those age 65 or over.

Santa Cruz county residents tend to be well-educated. 38.3% of residents age 25 and older hold a bachelor's degree at least, significantly higher than the national average of 27.2% and the state average of 29.5%.[40][41]

Politics

Santa Cruz County was a Republican stronghold for most of the 19th and 20th centuries; from 1860 through 1980 the only Democrats to carry Santa Cruz were Woodrow Wilson in 1916, Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 and 1936, Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, and Jimmy Carter in 1976.[42] However, the opening of UCSC in 1965 caused the county’s political landscape to dramatically change.

Today, it is a strongly Democratic county in presidential and congressional elections. The last Republican to carry the county was Ronald Reagan in 1980, and the last Republican to win a majority in the county was Richard Nixon in 1968.

{{Hidden begin
|titlestyle = background:#ccccff;
|title = Presidential elections results
}}
Santa Cruz County vote
by party in presidential elections[43]
YearGOPDEMOthers
17.26% 22,4389.48% 12,325
19.98% 24,0474.60% 5,533
19.76% 25,2442.93% 3,747
24.86% 30,3542.15% 2,628
27.34% 29,62711.17% 12,105
26.94% 27,76616.54% 17,046
21.86% 24,91620.08% 22,893
36.77% 37,7281.71% 1,750
45.20% 41,6521.52% 1,404
43.53% 37,34718.77% 16,111
43.09% 31,8725.85% 4,325
49.88% 34,7993.76% 2,624
50.79% 25,3658.19% 4,087
41.27% 18,8360.21% 94
59.61% 24,8580.45% 187
63.58% 22,1090.27% 93
67.13% 24,3531.08% 391
57.68% 15,3955.37% 1,433
53.80% 11,1020.86% 178
50.93% 11,4531.56% 350
46.12% 8,2601.80% 322
40.06% 6,0054.93% 739
68.53% 8,2750.93% 112
60.84% 5,40230.14% 2,676
66.28% 5,2859.18% 732
44.76% 4,2287.48% 707
0.04% 359.76% 4,274
54.71% 2,88614.14% 746
60.66% 2,62613.81% 598
53.19% 2,1736.78% 277
48.24% 1,9693.75% 153
44.82% 1,84318.41% 757
{{Hidden end}}

The last Republican to represent a significant portion of Santa Cruz in Congress was Burt L. Talcott, who was defeated in 1976 by Leon Panetta.[44]

Santa Cruz County is split between California's 18th and 20th congressional districts, represented by {{Representative|cacd|18}} and {{Representative|cacd|20}}, respectively.[45]

In the State Assembly, Santa Cruz County is split between the 29th and 30th Assembly districts, represented by {{Representative|caad|29|fmt=spfl}} and {{Representative|caad|30|fmt=spfl}}, respectively. In the State Senate, Santa Cruz County is entirely in {{Representative|casd|17|fmt=sdistrict}}.

In 2008, 71.4% of voters in Santa Cruz County voted against Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban legal recognition of same-sex marriages.{{cn|date=September 2018}}

Voter registration

{{Clear}}

Cities by population and voter registration

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

Economy

In the 19th century, Santa Cruz's economy was based on milling lumber, making lime cement from limestone, and tanning leather. By the mid 19th century, Santa Cruz was the second largest manufacturing area in the state. As natural resources depleted, tourism became the more important economic sector in the area.[51]

In 1989, Santa Cruz was named as a surplus labor area by the U.S. Department of Labor.[52] A surplus labor area has an unemployment rate 20% higher than national unemployment. As of 2018, Santa Cruz City and Watsonville city are still on this list.[53]

10% of jobs in Santa Cruz County are food producing/processing jobs. These employees make less than an average of $10 a hour.[23]

As of 2003, 21% of residents work outside of Santa Cruz County. This is down form the 28% outside employment rate of 1989.[23]

The agriculture businesses are significant enough to be prominent in local politics, where they influence issues of water, pesticide use, and labor.[23]

There are mandated living wages for Santa Cruz county, and individually in the cities of Watsonville and Santa Cruz. These occurred after The Santa Cruz Living Wage Coalition campaigned to set up ordinances.[23]

The low wage sector of Santa Cruz experiences workplace abuse. Data from 2015 show that in the county, 38% of Agricultural workers have experienced overtime pay violation, 14% of tipped workers reported tips stolen by their employers, and 50% of service sector workers reported violations on receiving breaks. It is California law for employers to make written workplace policies available. However, in a county wide survey, 30% of workers reported that they did not receive an employee handbook.[54]

Service sector laborers have a resource for navigating labor law through the Economic Justice Alliance of Santa Cruz County, a local organization that educates community members on issues of "sustainable wages and working conditions." [55]

Housing Market

In 2002, the National Association of Realtors reported that Santa Cruz was the most unaffordable place to live in the United States.[23] This statement remains true with 2017 data that shows that Santa Cruz is the least affordable county for renters.[56]

In Santa Cruz County, 60% of residents rent and a median monthly rent is $3000. UCSC's No Place Like Home Project reports that in Santa Cruz County, 2.5 minimum wage jobs would be needed to afford renting a 2 bedroom apartment. UCSC's "No Place Like Home" project identifies four main rental markets: agricultural workers, UCSC students, Silicon Valley tech workers, and short term vacation rentals. Short term rentals in particular have been a rising concern to local politicians, who have proposed parking restrictions to discourage short term renters.[57]

Rent control has been attempted as a policy in Santa Cruz three times between the 1970s and 1980s, but it never passed. National policies since the 1980s have deregulated rental markets, which decreased the rights of tenants and exacerbated frustrations for renters all across the country as well as in Santa Cruz.[56]

27% of surveyed Santa Cruz County renters experience "overcrowding" in their homes, which is described as when there is more than one person per room of a house, which includes all rooms not just bedrooms.[56]

One of the constraints on Santa Cruz's development are environmental protections. The restrictions on land prevent development from responding to housing and employment demands, which is an issue particularly politically relevant in the Watsonville jurisdiction. This conflict between residents wanting to protect the environment and those wanting more housing is also racially divided, as most residents favoring environmental protection are white, while the population on the side of developing housing is more heavily Latino.[23] A 2010-2011 report by a Santa Cruz County grand jury states that Watsonville had no policy for assessing environmental hazards, and would give out land use and building permits without any investigations of the environmental conditions of the land in question.[58]

One of the housing solutions that residents have resorted to is the occupation of accessory dwelling units. Commonly known as "mother-in-law" units, these secondary housing spaces on residential property used to be illegal to build. In 2002, Santa Cruz leaders changed the law and encouraged construction with affordable mortgages. The goal was to contain urban sprawl while still finding housing alternatives for residents in light of the crisis that was exacerbated by UCSC growth and Silicon Valley encroachment.[59]

Land Use

Debates about land use in Santa Cruz were particularly important after the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, which destroyed the central business district of Santa Cruz. This event led to the loss of an estimated 2,000 jobs.[60]

Already contentious debates about land were present in the area due to its large tourism industry and the relatively new UCSC campus, but after the quake both private interests and public servants had a stake in how rebuilding would go. This led to a necessary compromise, a public-private partnership that debated the how to rebuild the pacific garden mall space, with considerations of green space, timely implementation, and supporting local business and economy. Many constituents felt left out of this process, and reported that the political elite and economic elite were monopolizing control over the rebuilding movement.[60]

Top employers

According to the County's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[61] the top employers in the county are:

# Employer # of Employees
1University of California, Santa Cruz1,000-4,999
2Pajaro Valley Unified School District1,000-4,999
3County of Santa Cruz1,000-4,999
4Dominican Hospital1,000-4,999
5Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk1,000-4,999
6Cabrillo College500-999
7Santa Cruz City School District500-999
8City of Santa Cruz500-999
9Seagate Technology500-999
10Watsonville Community Hospital500-999
11West Marine500-999
12Plantronics500-999

Winemaking and wineries

{{Main|Santa Cruz Mountain AVA}}

Winemaking—both the growing of the grapes and their vinting—is an important part of the economic and cultural life of Santa Cruz County.

The wines of the David Bruce Winery and Ridge Vineyards were selected for tasting in the Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 (Tabor, p.167-169).

Education

Four-year universities

  • University of California, Santa Cruz (public) in Santa Cruz, California
  • Bethany University (private, now defunct)[62] in Scotts Valley, California

Two-year college

  • Cabrillo College (public) in Aptos, California

Transportation

Major highways

  • State Route 1
  • State Route 9
  • State Route 17
  • State Route 35
  • State Route 129
  • State Route 152
  • State Route 236

County routes

  • County Route G12

Public transportation

Santa Cruz County is served by the Santa Cruz Metropolitan Transit District bus system.

An Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach "Highway 17 Express" bus between Santa Cruz and San Jose is jointly operated by Amtrak, the SCMTD and the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. Greyhound Lines bus service also serves Santa Cruz County.

Airports

Watsonville Municipal Airport is a public general aviation airport. There are two air carriers based at the airport offering on-demand air charter:

  • AirMonterey, LLC[63] (Corporate Aircraft)
  • Specialized Helicopters, LLC[64] (Helicopters)

There is a notable private airport, Monterey Bay Academy Airport, which is a former military base.

The nearest airports for scheduled commercial travel include San Jose International Airport, Monterey Regional Airport, San Francisco International Airport, and Oakland International Airport.

Communities

Cities

  • Capitola
  • Santa Cruz (county seat)
  • Scotts Valley
  • Watsonville

Census-designated places

{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
  • Amesti
  • Aptos
  • Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley
  • Ben Lomond
  • Bonny Doon
  • Boulder Creek
  • Brookdale
  • Corralitos
  • Davenport
  • Day Valley
  • Felton
  • Freedom
  • Interlaken
  • La Selva Beach
  • Live Oak
  • Lompico
  • Mount Hermon
  • Pajaro Dunes
  • Paradise Park
  • Pasatiempo
  • Pleasure Point
  • Rio del Mar
  • Seacliff
  • Soquel
  • Twin Lakes
  • Zayante
{{div col end}}

Unincorporated community

  • Opal Cliffs
  • Felton Grove

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Santa Cruz County.[65]

† county seat
RankCity/Town/etc.Municipal typePopulation (2010 Census)
1† Santa Cruz City 59,946
2Watsonville City 51,199
3Live Oak CDP 17,158
4Scotts Valley City 11,580
5Capitola City 9,918
6Soquel CDP 9,644
7Rio del Mar CDP 9,216
8Interlaken CDP 7,321
9Ben Lomond CDP 6,234
10Aptos CDP 6,220
11Pleasure Point CDP 5,846
12Boulder Creek CDP 4,923
13Twin Lakes CDP 4,917
14Felton CDP 4,057
15Amesti CDP 3,478
16Day Valley CDP 3,409
17Seacliff CDP 3,267
18Freedom CDP 3,070
19La Selva Beach CDP 2,843
20Bonny Doon CDP 2,678
21Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley CDP 2,381
22Corralitos CDP 2,326
23Brookdale CDP 1,991
24Lompico CDP 1,137
25Pasatiempo CDP 1,041
26Mount Hermon CDP 1,037
27Zayante CDP 705
28Davenport CDP 408
29Paradise Park CDP 389
30Pajaro Dunes CDP 144

See also

{{Portal|California}}
  • Hiking trails in Santa Cruz County
  • List of museums in the California Central Coast
  • List of school districts in Santa Cruz County, California
  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Cruz County, California

==Sources==

  • Taber, George M. Judgment of Paris: California vs. France and the historic 1976 Paris Tasting that Revolutionized Wine. NY: Scribner, 2005.

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.counties.org/general-information/chronology |title= Chronology |publisher= California State Association of Counties|accessdate=February 6, 2015}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=1196|title=Mount Bielewski|publisher=Peakbagger.com|accessdate=April 18, 2015}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06087.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 6, 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=May 31, 2011 |df=mdy }}
5. ^{{cite web |publisher=California Department of Recreation |url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=872 |title=Central Coast |work=California State Parks |accessdate=July 26, 2014}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/CA_Consolidated_Chronology.htm|title=California: Consolidated Chronology of State and County Boundaries|year=2003 |publisher=The Newberry Library|accessdate=May 15, 2012}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 4, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thingstodoinsantacruz.com/outdoor-activities/|title=Fun Outdoor Things To Do In Santa Cruz|author=|date=|website=www.thingstodoinsantacruz.com|accessdate=March 14, 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.santacruzpl.org/endangered/7/|title=Endangered Species in Santa Cruz County - Santa Cruz Public Libraries|first=Santa Cruz Public|last=Libraries|date=|website=www.santacruzpl.org|accessdate=March 14, 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=B04A |title=Species Profile California Clapper Rail |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-29}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile?spcode=D02D |title=Species Profile California red-legged frog |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-29}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=D01T |title=Species Profile California tiger salamander |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-29}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/multiple_species/2011_status_review_california_coastal_chinook_and_central_california_coast_coho.pdf |title=North-Central California Coast Recovery Program 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation of California Coastal Chinook Salmon ESU, Central California Coast Coho Salmon ESU |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |year=2011 |accessdate=December 3, 2013}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=B08C |title=Species Profile Marbled murrelet |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-29}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=I0OV |title=Species Profile Mount Hermon June beetle |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-29}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=I0OW |title=Species Profile Ohlone tiger beetle |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-29}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=C002 |title=Species Profile San Francisco garter snake |publisher= US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-29}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=D000 |title=Species Profile Santa Cruz long-toed salamander |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-29}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=A0A7 |title=Species Profile Southern Sea Otter |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-29}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/status_reviews/salmon_steelhead/steelhead/2011_status_review_central_california_coastal_steelhead_northern_california_steelhead.pdf |title=North-Central California Coast Recovery Domain 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation of Central California Coastal Steelhead DPS Northern California Steelhead DPS |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |year=2011|accessdate=December 3, 2013}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=B06R |title=Species Profile Yellow-billed cuckoo |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-30}}
22. ^{{cite web |url= |title=Species Profile Zayante band-winged grasshopper |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=2015-01-30}}
23. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite journal|last=Manuel|first=Pastor Jr.|last2=Benner|first2=Chris|last3=Rosner|first3=Rachel|date=May 2003|title=An "option for the poor": A research audit for community-based regionalism in California's central coast|url=|journal=Economic Development Quarterly, Thousand Oaks|volume=17|issue=2|pages=|via=}}
24. ^1 U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. American FactFinder {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |date=September 11, 2013}}. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
25. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. American FactFinder {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/|date=September 11, 2013}}. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
26. ^Other = Some other race + Two or more races
27. ^Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
28. ^U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. American FactFinder {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/|date=September 11, 2013}}. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
29. ^U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. American FactFinder {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |date=September 11, 2013}}. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
30. ^U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. American FactFinder {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/|date=September 11, 2013}}. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
31. ^U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. American FactFinder {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/|date=September 11, 2013}}. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
32. ^U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. American FactFinder {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/|date=September 11, 2013}}. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
33. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 4, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=mdy}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=October 4, 2015}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ca190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|accessdate=October 4, 2015}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|accessdate=October 4, 2015}}
38. ^{{USCensus2010CA}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=May 14, 2011 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=September 11, 2013 |df=mdy }}
40. ^{{Cite news| url = http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/story.php?sid=40953| title = Santa Cruz residents more educated than most| newspaper = Santa Cruz Sentinel| accessdate = February 6, 2008| last = Bookwalter| first = Genevieve| date = August 15, 2006| postscript = {{inconsistent citations}}}} {{dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
41. ^{{Cite web| url = http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06087.html| title = Santa Cruz County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau| accessdate = April 22, 2008| date = January 2, 2008| postscript = {{inconsistent citations}}}}
42. ^Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868–2004, pp. 152-155 {{ISBN|0786422173}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|date=|website=uselectionatlas.org|accessdate=March 14, 2018}}
44. ^{{cite web |title=Santa Cruz County Election Results, November 2004 (pdf) |url=http://www.ss.ca.gov/elections/sov/2004_general/sov_2004_entire.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=May 4, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502190456/http://www.ss.ca.gov/elections/sov/2004_general/sov_2004_entire.pdf |archivedate=May 2, 2006 |df=}}
45. ^{{Cite GovTrack|CA|18|accessdate=March 13, 2013}}
46. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 – Report of Registration {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727173649/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ror/ror-pages/ror-odd-year-2013/political-sub.pdf |date=July 27, 2013 }}. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
47. ^1 Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
48. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222315/http://stats.doj.ca.gov/cjsc_stats/prof09/00/11.pdf |date=December 2, 2013 }}. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
49. ^Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
50. ^1 2 United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. [https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/tables/8tabledatadecpdf/table-8-state-cuts/table_8_offenses_known_to_law_enforcement_by_california_by_city_2012.xls Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California)]. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
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54. ^McCay, S., Espinoza, R., & Mora, S. C. (2015). Working For Dignity: The Santa Cruz County Low-wage Worker Study (Rep.).
55. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ejasc.org/|website=Economic Justice Alliance of Santa Cruz County|accessdate=February 6, 2018}}
56. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://noplacelikehomeucsc.org/en/|title=No Place Like Home|last=|first=|date=|website=No Place Like Home UCSC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501193634/http://noplacelikehomeucsc.org/en/|archive-date=May 1, 2018|dead-url=yes|access-date=|df=mdy-all}}
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58. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Portals/0/County/GrandJury/GJ2011_final/City_of_Watsonville.pdf|title=City of Watsonville: Fastest Growing City Looking For Leadership and a Fire Truck|last=Santa Cruz Grand Jury Final Report 2010-2011|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}
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60. ^1 Gendron, R. A. (1998). Faultlines of power: The political economy of redevelopment in a progressive city after a natural disaster (Ph.D.). University of California, Santa Cruz,United States -- California. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/304420788/abstract/A979B788CDC42E7PQ/1
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/aud/cafr10/CAFR_2010.pdf|title=Auditor-Controller|author=|date=|website=www.co.santa-cruz.ca.us|accessdate=March 14, 2018}}
62. ^{{cite news|last=McCord|first=Shanna|work=Santa Cruz Sentinel|url=http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/localnews/ci_18268515|title=Bethany University will close: Private funding didn't materialize|date=June 14, 2011|accessdate=June 17, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616120808/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/localnews/ci_18268515|archive-date=June 16, 2011|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://flyairmonterey.com/|title=flyairmonterey.com|author=|date=|website=flyairmonterey.com|accessdate=March 14, 2018}}
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65. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-07-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6M1KRmETR?url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/ |archivedate=December 21, 2013 |df= }}

References

{{reflist|30em}}

External links

{{Commons category}}{{AmCyc Poster|Santa Cruz (county)|Santa Cruz County, California}}
  • {{Wikivoyage-inline|Santa Cruz County (California)|Santa Cruz County, California}}
  • Santa Cruz Wiki – The People's Guide to Santa Cruz, California
  • {{Official website}}
  • Historical resources for Santa Cruz County—from Santa Cruz Public Library
  • Santa Cruz County Conference & Visitors Council – Visitor Information
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406051244/http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/films/scfilms/scfilms.html List of movies shot in Santa Cruz County]
  • Santa Cruz Metropolitan Transit District
  • QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau
{{Geographic location
| Centre = Santa Cruz County, California
| North =
| Northeast = Santa Clara County
| East =
| Southeast = San Benito County
| South = Monterey County
| Southwest =
| West = Pacific Ocean
| Northwest = San Mateo County
}}{{Santa Cruz County, California}}{{California Central Coast}}{{California}}

5 : California counties|Santa Cruz County, California|Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area|1850 establishments in California|Populated places established in 1850
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