| 词条 | Ken (magazine) |
| 释义 |
Ken was a short-lived illustrated magazine first issued on April 7, 1938. It was a controversial, political, large format magazine with full page photo spreads, published every two weeks on Thursdays.[1] It contained both articles and stories. History and profileKen was founded in March 1938 by publisher David A. Smart and editor Arnold Gingrich, who earlier had founded Esquire.[2][3] Initial publication was delayed due to difficulties in assembling an editorial team. Jay Allen was the first editor hired, and he began to assemble a staff drawing heavily from the political left. Smart and Gingrich found his work unsatisfactory and quickly fired Allen and most of his new men, replacing him with George Seldes; but as Seldes's left-wing views provoked unrest from potential advertisers, he was soon downgraded although not fired. Smart and Gingrich then took more direct editorial control and launched the magazine with contributors including Seldes, Ernest Hemingway, John Spivak, Raymond Gram Swing, Manuel Komroff, critic Burton Rascoe, and sportswriter Herb Graffis.[2] Sam Berman contributed caricatures, and David Low cartoons.[4] Microbe Hunters author Paul de Kruif had been brought on as an editor, but was not able to devote full-time to the project.[2] Seldes's memoir Witness to a Century says that Seldes, de Kruif, and Hemingway were like-minded writers and editors (progressive, republican, anti-fascist) who were invited to co-edit the new magazine.[5]{{rp|326-332}} Seldes's view was that Ken failed when its owners abandoned the publication's planned editorial independence to fall in line with advertiser pressure to suppress unflattering investigative reportage such as consumer advocacy and republican critique of fascism, including the Hitler and Mussolini regimes' fight against the republic in the Spanish Civil War. Seldes quotes de Kruif and Hemingway as resigning angrily when this shift happened.[5]{{rp|326-332}} The context of the 1930s as laid out by Seldes was an American press beholden to big business through advertising revenue and the threat of loss thereof, in an era when non-communist progressivism including democratic republicanism and trade unions was being red-baited by big business favorably disposed to fascism and Nazism as supposedly necessary counters to the Bolshevik menace.[5] In short, it was an era when the nominally free press was actually beholden to rich corporate interests whose quest for sufficient anti-communism left them too cozy with right-wing authoritarianism—and who did not tolerate honesty in consumer advocacy because it was bad for sales.[5] This was an era when even reportage on something as fundamental as the link between tobacco and cancer was suppressed by publication owners because it threatened their tobacco advertising revenue,[5] and in which "the Spanish government was red-baited to death."[5]Some of the politicians with photo layouts in the magazine included Presidents Calvin Coolidge, Grover Cleveland, Thomas Harding, Franklin D. Roosevelt and as well as many prominent people in the German politics of the era.[1] The publication was investigated in 1938 by the House Un-American Activities Committee for being Communist leaning.[6] However, its editor Arnold Gingrich denied that the publication had any political slant. Seldes maintained throughout his life that "To these people [i.e, people like the House Un-American Activities Committee under Dies and later the McCarthyites ] 'one step left of center' meant 'leftist,' and 'leftist' meant 'red,' and 'red' of course meant 'Communist'" (despite that when Seldes was cleared by McCarthy, the press did not report it).[5] Ken ceased publication in the fall of 1939.[3][7] Seldes stated that caving in to corporate advertiser pressure did not work, as not many ads were sold even afterward. Ernest Hemingway's involvementThe first fourteen issues of Ken featured articles by Ernest Hemingway on the Spanish Civil War. In the first issue, of which his article begins on page 36, it is revealed in a caption that Hemingway was initially contracted and announced to be an editor of Ken, but had thus far taken no part in the editing of the magazine, nor in the formation of its policies. The caption goes on to reveal "If he sees eye to eye with us on Ken, we would like to have him as an editor. If not, he will remain as a contributor until he is fired or quits."[8] The disclaimer was written at Hemingway's insistence, as he felt that Kens politics might be "liberal-phoney" [that is, pseudo-progressive rather than progressive] and did not wish to be too closely associated with it.[2] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.collectorsquest.com/blog/2008/06/24/vintage-ken-magazine-not-for-the-decorator/ |title=Vintage Ken Magazine: Not For The Decorator |author=The Dean |date=June 24, 2008 |work=Collector's Quest |accessdate=June 29, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224020621/http://www.collectorsquest.com/blog/2008/06/24/vintage-ken-magazine-not-for-the-decorator/ |archivedate=December 24, 2011 |df= }} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,788230,00.html|title=Press: Insiders|date=March 21, 1938|work=Time|accessdate=June 29, 2014 |subscription=yes}} 3. ^1 {{cite news|title=Ken's End|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,761662,00.html|accessdate=February 21, 2016|work=Time|date=July 10, 1939}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Ken|author=Chris Mullen|work=The Visual Telling of Stories|accessdate=June 29, 2014}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Citation |last=Seldes |first=George |author-link=George Seldes |title=Witness to a century: encounters with the noted, the notorious, and the three SOBs |publisher=Ballantine Books |location=New York |year=1987 |isbn=0345353293 |postscript=.}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States, Thursday October 6, 1938 (hearing transcript)|author=Subcommittee of the Special Committee To Investigate Un-American Activities, United States House of Representatives|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D. C.|work=Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States|date=1938|lccn=41011564|oclc=3350505|ol=7053152M|id=Dewey 335.0973, Library of Congress E743.5 .A4|pages=1221–1227 |url=https://archive.org/stream/investigationofu193802unit#page/1222/mode/2up|accessdate=18 November 2012}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Michael Denning|title=The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY8pUkLRM1YC&pg=PA94|accessdate=November 7, 2015|year=1998|publisher=Verso|isbn=978-1-85984-170-9|page=94}} 8. ^{{cite journal|title=Ken Magazine|date=April 7, 1938|volume=1|issue=1}} External links
5 : Defunct American political magazines|Biweekly magazines|Defunct magazines of the United States|Magazines established in 1938|Magazines disestablished in 1939 |
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