“Kri language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Kri language

释义

Phonology
Consonants Finals
Morphology
Causative Infix Nominalising Infix
References
Further reading
External links

{{distinguish|text=the Cree language}}{{Infobox language
|name=Kri
|nativename=Krìì, meengq Kri
|states=Laos or Vietnam
|speakers=250
|date=2009
|ref=^[1]
|familycolor=Austro-Asiatic
|fam2=Vietic
|dia1=Kri
|dia2=Phóng
|dia3=Mlengbrou
|iso3=aem
|glotto=khap1242
|glottorefname=Kha Phong
|linglist=pkt-kha
|lingname=^[2]
}}

Kri (Krìì) is a recently described Vietic language. Kri speakers live in the Upper Ñrong (Nam Noy) valley of Khammouane Province, Laos, as well as other locations within the Nakai-Nam Theun Biodiversity Conservation Area. It is mutually intelligible with Pròòngq, which is spoken in several villages downstream from the Kri (Enfield & Diffloth 2009).

The Kri call themselves mleeng Kri, and their language meengq Kri. They are swidden cultivators who move every 2–3 years among pre-existing village sites (Chamberlain 1998).^[3] Houses are torn down after the death of a household member, and the housing materials are then used to construct a new house in a different location. Other than the Kri language, many adults, especially men, are also fluent in Vietnamese, Saek, Bru, and Lao.

Phonology

Consonants

The consonants in Kri are:

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m}}	n}}	ɲ}}	ŋ}}
Stop	implosive	ɓ}}	ɗ}}	ʄ}}
	tenuis	p}}	t}}	ʈʂ}}	c}}	k}}	ʔ}}
	aspirated	pʰ}}	tʰ}}	ʈʂʰ}}	kʰ}}
Fricative		s}}	h}}
Approximant		w}}	l}}	r~ʐ}}	j~ʝ}}	ɣ}}

^[4]

Finals

These are the consonants that may come at the end of a syllable in Kri:

Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Checked	[pˀ]}}	[tˀ]}}	[kˀ]}}
Nasal	[m]}}	[n]}}	[ɲ]}}	[ŋ]}}
Oral	[w]}}	[l]}} , {{IPA\|[r]}}	[j]}}	Vowel

Do note that they are all contrastive, and that vowels, nasal consonants, and oral consonants may have checked endings. The Oral endings also may become voiceless.

Morphology

Kri has a few morphological features, less than Khmu but more than Vietnamese.

Causative Infix

The -a- infix may be inserted into words with two initial consonants, between them. This infix turns intransitive verb into a transitive verb, adding an agent. It can also turn a noun into a verb. Here are some examples:

praang - to cross over

paraang - to take someone across.

slôôj- to be washed away by running water

salôôj- to discard into flowing water, to let something be washed away.

kleeh- to fall off

kaleeh- to pick off

blang- of the eyes, to become open (like a young dog's)

balang- to open one's eyes

ckaang- a hand span

cakaang- to measure something by hand spans

Nominalising Infix

The -rn- infix is placed after a single initial consonant. This infix makes a noun from a verb:

sat- to get one's foot stuck

srnat- a foothold

koq- to live

krnoq- a house

This shortens to -r- when between consonants:

kadôôlq- to rest the head on something

krdôôlq- a pillow

References

1. ^The Kri language
2. ^Names/varieties are listed as Kha Phong, Maleng Kari, Maleng Bro, Kha Nam Om, Phong, Phòòngq
3. ^Chamberlain, J.R. 1998, "The origin of Sek: implications for Tai and Vietnamese history", in The International Conference on Tai Studies, ed. S. Burusphat, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 97-128. Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University.
4. ^http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:107912:5/component/escidoc:204877/Enfield_2009_Phonology%20and%20sketch%20grammar%20of%20Kri.pdf

External links

http://sealsxxii.vjf.cnrs.fr/Documents/Abstract-Enfield.pdf

1 : Vietic languages

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。