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词条 Kusarikku
释义

  1. Mythology

  2. References

{{Mesopotamian myth|expanded=5}}Kusarikku ("Bull-Man"), sometimes inscribed GUD.DUMU.dUTU, GUD.DUMU.AN.NA and sometimes phonetically ku-sa-rik-ku(m), synonymous with the Sumerian GU4/gud-alim and perhaps also alim (see below for caveat), was an ancient Mesopotamian mythological demon shown in artistic representation from the earliest (late Uruk) times with the arms, torso and head of a human and the ears, horns and hindquarters bovine.[1] He is portrayed as walking upright and characterized as a door keeper to protect the inhabitants from malevolent intruders. He is one of the demons which represented mountains. He is pictured in late iconography holding a banduddû, "bucket". On a stela of Meli-Šipak, the land grant to Ḫasardu kudurru, he is pictured carrying a spade.[2]

Mythology

In the Sumerian myth, Angim or "Ninurta's return to Nippur", the god "brought forth the Bison (gud-alim) from his battle dust" and "hung the Bison on the beam". He is one of Tiāmat's offspring vanquished by Marduk in the Epic of Creation, Enûma Eliš. In the prologue of the Anzû Myth, Ninurta defeats the kusarikku "in the midst of the sea". In an incantation against the evil eye of the Lamaštu, an incantation meant to soothe a crying child, kusarikku is portrayed as being negeltû, "roused", and gullutu, "frightened".[3] Along with Ugallu, Girtablullû, and others, he is one of the seven mythological apkallu or "sages" shown on neo-Assyrian palace reliefs, and with figurines – to guard against the influence of evil spirits.[4] The constellation of kusarikku, or gud-alim, corresponds to part of Centaurus.

He was associated with the god of justice, Šamaš, along with Girtablullû, the "Scorpion-Man", and alim, the "Bison". There were three species of ungulates in Mesopotamia: the Aurochs, the Bison, and the Water buffalo, and it is not always certain as to which of these was represented in some of the earlier text references.[5] There seems to have been a distinction between the Sumerian terms gud-alim, "bison-man", and alim, "human-faced bison".[6]

References

1. ^{{ cite book | title = Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Meek - Mythologie, Volume 8 | chapter = Mischwesen | editor = Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter De Gruyter | year = 1999 | page = 225 }}
2. ^{{ cite book | title = Das geistige Erfassen der Welt im Alten Orient Sprache, Religion, Kultur und Gesellschaft | chapter = The Four Winds and the Origin of Pazuzu | author = F. A. M. Wiggermann | editor = Claus Wilcke | publisher = Harrassowitz Verlag | year = 2007 | page = 154 }} kudurru BM 90829.
3. ^{{ cite book | title = Mesopotamian Magic: Textual, Historical, and Interpretative Perspectives | chapter = Magic at the cradle: A reassessment | author = K. Van Der Toorn | editor = I. Tzvi Abusch, K. Van Der Toorn | publisher = Styx | year = 1999 | page = 143 }}
4. ^{{ cite book | title = Studies in the Iconography of Northwest Semitic Inscribed Seals: Proceedings of a symposium held in Fribourg on April 17-20, 1991 | chapter = The Mesopotamian Influence on West Semitic Inscribed Seals: A Preference for the Depiction of Mortals | author = Tally Ornan | editor = Benjamin Sass, Christopher Uehlinger | publisher = Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht | year = 1993 | page = 56 }}
5. ^{{ cite book | title = Epics of Sumerian Kings: The Matter of Aratta | author = Herman L. J. Vanstiphout, Jerrold S. Cooper | publisher = Brill Academic Pub | year = 2004 | page = 163 }}
6. ^{{ cite book | title = Gudea's Temple Building: The Representation of an Early Mesopotamian Ruler in Text and Image | author = Claudia E. Suter | publisher = Styx | year = 2000 | page = 65 }}
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4 : Mesopotamian mythology|Enûma Eliš|Mesopotamian legendary creatures|Mesopotamian demons
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