| 词条 | Laguna de la Restinga | |||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Laguna de la Restinga | iucn_category = II | photo = La Restinga.JPG | photo_caption = | location = Isla Margarita, Venezuela | nearest_city = | map = Venezuela |relief = 1 | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in Venezuela | map_width = | coords = {{coords|10|59|20|N|64.|09|10|W|type:landmark_region:VE_dim:5000|display=inline,title}} | area = {{convert|188|km2}} | established = 6 February 1974 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = INPARQUES | url = http://www.inparques.gob.ve/index.php?parques=view&codigo=pn_0012&sec=1 | embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 4 September 1996 | designation1_number = 857[1]}} }} Laguna de la Restinga is a national park on the Isla Margarita, Nueva Esparta state, Venezuela. The main part of the park is a large salt lagoon, rich in fish and birdlife. It is on the Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance,{{sfn|ParksWatch|2003}} and is classified as an Important Bird Area.{{sfn|Parque Nacional Laguna ... Global Species}} LocationThe park lies between the eastern part of Margarita island and the Macanao Peninsula, which are connected only by a thin bar, or strip of land.{{sfn|Auzias|Labourdette|2009|p=354}} The bar stretches more than {{convert|15|mi}} from La Guardia on the main island to Punta Tigre on the peninsula.{{sfn|Greenberg|1997|p=139}} The park was created by government decree on 6 February 1974, and initially covered an area of {{convert|10700|ha}}.{{sfn|Balfelt|1977|p=77}} It features a {{convert|2500|ha}} saline lagoon fringed by mangroves and holding large mangrove islands, with {{convert|18|km}} of channels.{{sfn|Auzias|Labourdette|2009|p=355}} The shallow lagoon is separated from the sea to the north by a bar of sand and sea shells.{{sfn|IUCN|1982|p=399}} To the south a broad channel connects the lagoon with the sea. The west coast is rocky, with cliffs and small beaches. The climate is arid or semi-arid, with mean annual temperature of {{convert|27|°C}} and mean annual precipitation of {{convert|300|to|400|mm}}.{{sfn|IUCN|1982|p=399}} FloraThe park is in Venezuelan Dry Forest biogeographical province. Inside the lagoon there are mangrove forests covering {{convert|910|ha}} containing red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia nitida) and {{convert|1|ha}} of white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa). The sandbar has buttonwood mangrove (Conocarpus erectus) and various types of grass. The land surrounding the saltwater is covered by xerophytes.{{sfn|IUCN|1982|p=399}} The semi-desert tropical climate supports thornwood and shrub forest.{{sfn|Balfelt|1977|p=77}} FaunaThe lagoon, at most {{convert|8|ft}} deep, is home to red snappers, gruntfish, sardines, swordfish and black mullets. Oysters cling to the mangrove roots. Birds that feed in the lagoon include scarlet ibis, red-legged tinamous, frigatebirds, blue herons, green herons, great egrets, ground doves, cormorants and flamingos.{{sfn|Greenberg|1997|p=139}} Three endemic land species are present: the deer Odocoileus carriacou margaritae, the rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus margaritae and the snake Leptotyphlops albifrons margaritae.{{sfn|IUCN|1982|p=399}} TourismTourists can reach the embarkation pier in the lagoon by bus from Porlamar. Five seat motorboats from there take visitors for a trip through the interconnecting channels through the mangroves, some with romantic names like Mi Dulce Amor (My Sweet Love) or Túnel de los Enamorados (Lovers Tunnel). The boats take visitors to an open-air shack serving fresh fried fish on a shell beach.{{sfn|Kohnstamm|Kohn|2007|p=253}} GalleryReferences{{commonscat|Laguna de la Restinga National Park}}Citations1. ^{{Cite web|title=Laguna de la Restinga|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/857|accessdate=25 April 2018}} Sources{{refbegin}}
|last1=Auzias|first1=Dominique|last2=Labourdette|first2=Jean-Paul|title=Vénézuela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OW8DAPeSBUYC&pg=PA354|accessdate=2012-08-31 |date=2009-11-18|publisher=Petit Futé|isbn=978-2-7469-3431-3}}
|last=Balfelt|first=Arne|title=Nature Conservation Status Survey for Middle America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyIPAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA41|accessdate=2012-08-31 |date=May 1977|publisher=Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE|id=GGKEY:JC6L53R9F20}}
|last=Greenberg|first=Arnold|title=Venezuela Alive |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F7iKEMRJKxcC&pg=PT139|accessdate=2012-08-31 |date=1997-10-01|publisher=Hunter Publishing, Inc|isbn=978-1-55650-800-4}}
|author=IUCN |title=Iucn Directory of Neotropical Protected Areas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjhlcSkdKjUC&pg=PA399|accessdate=2012-08-31 |year=1982|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-0-907567-62-2}}
|last1=Kohnstamm|first1=Thomas|last2=Kohn|first2=Beth|title=Vénézuela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ek_-oO0xYoIC&pg=PA253|accessdate=2012-08-31 |year=2007|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74104-545-1}}
|title=Parque Nacional Laguna de La Restinga IBA|work=Global Species |accessdate=2012-11-21}}
|author=ParksWatch|title=Worldwide Wetland Day, Ramsar Sites in Venezuela: What is Their State of Conservation? |publisher=ParksWatch|accessdate=2012-11-10}}{{refend}}{{-}}{{Isla Margarita}}{{National parks of Venezuela}} 9 : National parks of Venezuela|Isla Margarita|Geography of Nueva Esparta|Important Bird Areas of Venezuela|Marine reserves|Ramsar sites in Venezuela|Protected areas established in 1974|1974 establishments in Venezuela|Tourist attractions in Nueva Esparta |
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