| 词条 | A Thousand Plateaus |
| 释义 |
| name = A Thousand Plateaus | title_orig = Mille plateaux | translator = Brian Massumi | image = File:A Thousand Plateaus (French edition).jpg | caption = Cover of the first edition | authors = Gilles Deleuze Félix Guattari | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = France | language = French | series = | subject = Philosophy | published ={{plainlist|
}} | media_type = Print (Hardcover and Paperback) | pages = 645 (French edition) 610 (English translation) | isbn = 978-0816614028 | preceded_by = Anti-Oedipus | followed_by = }} A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia ({{lang-fr|Mille plateaux}}) is a 1980 philosophy book by the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and the French psychoanalyst Félix Guattari. It is the second and final volume of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. While the first volume, Anti-Oedipus (1972), sought to "short-circuit" a developing "bureaucracy of analytic reason" in France (between Left political parties and psychoanalysis), the second was intended to be a "positive exercise" in nomadology.[1] Brian Massumi's English translation was published in 1987, one year after the twelfth "plateau" was published separately as Nomadology: The War Machine (New York: Semiotext(e), 1986). The book is considered to be a major statement of post-structuralism and postmodernism. Summary{{expand section|date=January 2019}}Like the first volume, the second volume of Capitalism and Schizophrenia was politically and terminologically provocative.[2] Deleuze and Guattari discuss concepts such as the rhizome, performativity in language, smooth and striated space, the State apparatus, face and faciality, the Body without Organs, minority languages, binary branching structures in language, deterritorialization and reterritorialization, pragmatics, lines of flight, assemblages, becoming, strata, War Machines, signs, and coding.[3] The book starts with an introduction titled "Rhizome" and ends with a conclusion called "Concrete Rules and Abstract Machines". In between are thirteen chapters or plateaux, each dated, sometimes precisely ("November 20, 1923: Postulates of Linguistics), sometimes less so ("10,000 BC: The Geology of Morals"). In the sixth chapter, "Year Zero: Faciality" (visagéité), the notion of face is discussed as an "overcoding" of body,[4]{{rp|170}} but also as being in dialectical tension with landscape (paysagéité).[4]{{rp|174}} Dimantling the face is no mean affair. Madness is a definite danger: Is it by chance that schizos lose their sense of the face, their own and others', their sense of the landscape, and the sense of language and its dominant significations all at the same time? [...] Dismantling the face is the same as breaking through the wall of the signifier and getting out of the black hole of subjectivity.[4]{{rp|188}} In the book, they discuss psychoanalysts (Freud, Jung, Lacan—who trained Guatarri,[4]{{rp|x}} and Melanie Klein), composers (Chopin, Debussy, Mozart, Pierre Boulez, and Olivier Messiaen), artists (Klee, Kandinsky, and Pollock), philosophers (Husserl, Foucault, Bergson, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, and Gilbert Simondon), historians (Ibn Khaldun, Georges Dumézil, and Fernand Braudel), and linguists (Chomsky, Labov, Benveniste, Guillaume, Austin, Hjelmslev, and Voloshinov).[3] They also speak of writers in the book. In "1874: Three novellas", for example, they discuss tales, including Henry James' In the Cage (1898), F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Crack-Up (1945) and "The Story of the Abyss and the Spyglass" by Pierrette Fleutiaux.[5]{{rp|192-207}} Franz Kafka and Marcel Proust are frequent references. Goethe, Herman Melville and Shakespeare are also discussed.[3] The book is written in a non-linear, allusive fashion. The reader is explicitly warned not to set down roots, but to begin again "from ground zero" at each plateau.[5]{{rp|25}} They evaluate and criticize the work of Sigmund Freud, referring to the case histories of Little Hans and the Wolf Man.[5]{{rp|26-38}} ReceptionA Thousand Plateaus is considered a major statement of post-structuralism and postmodernism.[6] Mark Poster writes that the work "contains promising elaborations of a postmodern theory of the social and political."[7] Writing in the foreword to his translation, Massumi comments that the work "is less a critique than a positive exercise in the affirmative 'nomad' thought called for in Anti-Oedipus." Massumi contrasts "nomad thought" with the "state philosophy... that has characterized Western metaphysics since Plato".[8]Deleuze critic Eugene Holland suggests that the work complicates the slogans and oppositions developed in its predecessor. Whereas Anti-Oedipus created binaries such as molar/molecular, paranoid/schizophrenic, and deterritorialization/reterritorialization, A Thousand Plateaus shows how such distinctions are operations on the surface of a deeper field with more complicated and multidimensional dynamics. In so doing, the book is less engaged with history than with topics like biology and geology.[9] Massumi writes that A Thousand Plateaus differs drastically in tone, content, and composition from Anti-Oedipus. In his view, the schizoanalysis the authors practice is not so much a study of their "pathological condition", but a "positive process" that involves "inventive connection".[10] Bill Readings appropriates the term "singularity" from A Thousand Plateaus, "to indicate that there is no longer a subject-position available to function as the site of the conscious synthesis of sense-impressions."[11] The sociologist Nikolas Rose writes that Deleuze and Guattari articulate "the most radical alternative to the conventional image of subjectivity as coherent, enduring, and individualized".[12] In 1997, the physicists Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont argued that the book contains many passages in which Deleuze and Guattari use "pseudo-scientific language".[13] Writing about this "science wars critique," Daniel Smith and John Protevi contend that "much of their chapter on Deleuze consists of exasperated exclamations of incomprehension."[14] Similarly, in a 2015 interview, British philosopher Roger Scruton characterized A Thousand Plateaus as "[a] huge, totally unreadable tome by somebody who can’t write French."[15][16] At the beginning of a short essay on postmodernism, Jean-François Lyotard lists examples of what he describes as a desire "to put an end to experimentation", including a displeased reaction to A Thousand Plateaus that he had read in a weekly literary magazine, which said that readers of philosophy "expect [...] to be "gratified with a little sense". Behind this "slackening" desire to constrain language use, Lyotard identifies a "desire for a return to terror."[17]{{rp|71-72, 82}} Digital media theorist Janet Murray links the work to the aesthetic of hypertext.[18] Gaming and electronic literature expert Espen Aarseth draws parallels between Deleuze and Guattari's idea of the rhizome and semiotician Umberto Eco's idea of the net.[19] Christopher Miller criticizes Deleuze and Guattari's use of "second-hand" anthropological sources without providing the reader with contextualization of the colonialist "mission" that led to their writing. Timothy Laurie says that this claim is inaccurate, but that Deleuze & Guattari should extend that same "rigor" to uncovering the political and economic entanglements which contextualize academic philosophy.[20]{{rp|10}} InfluenceA Thousand Plateaus was an influence on the political philosophers Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's book Empire (2000).[21]The sociologist John Urry sees Deleuze and Guattari's metaphor of the nomad as having "infected contemporary social thought."[22] The philosopher Manuel DeLanda, in A New Philosophy of Society (2006), adopts Deleuze's theory of assemblages, taken from A Thousand Plateaus.[23] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Brian Massumi|chapter=Translator's Foreword: Pleasures of Philosophy|title=A Thousand Plateaus|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|location=Minneapolis|date=1987|page=xi}} 2. ^{{cite journal|author=Stivale, Charles J.|title=The Literary Element in "Mille Plateaux": The New Cartography of Deleuze and Guattari|journal=Substance|volume=13|issue=44–45|date=1984|pages=20–34|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|jstor=3684772|doi=10.2307/3684772}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book |author1=Melehy, Hassan|author2=Deleuze, Gilles |author3=Guattari, Félix |title=A Thousand Plateaus |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |location=Minneapolis |year=1987 |pages=589–610|chapter=Index |isbn=978-0-8166-1402-8}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |author1=Deleuze, Gilles |author2=Guattari, Félix |title=A Thousand Plateaus |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |location=Minneapolis |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8166-1402-8}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book |author1=Deleuze, Gilles |author2=Guattari, Félix |title=A Thousand Plateaus |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |location=Minneapolis |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-8166-1402-8}} 6. ^See, for example, Steven Best and Douglas Kellner, Postmodern Theory (Guilford Press, 1991), which devotes a chapter to Deleuze and Guattari. 7. ^{{cite book |author=Poster, Mark |title=The Mode of Information: Poststructuralism and Social Context |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |year=1990 |page=135 |isbn=978-0226675961}} 8. ^{{cite book |author1=Massumi, Brian |author2=Deleuze, Gilles |author3=Guattari, Félix |title=A Thousand Plateaus |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |location=Minneapolis |year=1993 |page=xi |isbn=978-0-8166-1402-8}} 9. ^Eugene W. Holland, "Deterritorializing 'deterritorialization'—From the Anti-Oedipus to A Thousand Plateaus", SubStance #66 (Vol. 3, No. 9), 1991, accessed [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3685179 via JStor]. 10. ^{{cite book |author=Massumi, Brian |title=A User's Guide to Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Deviations from Deleuze and Guattari |publisher=MIT Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |year=1993 |pages=1–4 |isbn=978-0-262-63143-3}} 11. ^{{cite book |author=Readings, Bill |title=The University in Ruins |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |year=1997 |page=115 |isbn=978-0674929531}} 12. ^{{cite book |author=Rose, Nikolas |title=Inventing our Selves: Psychology, Power, and Personhood |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1996 |page=170 |isbn=978-0521646079}} 13. ^{{cite book |author1=Sokal, Alan |author2=Bricmont, Jean |title=Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science |publisher=Picador |location=New York |year=1999 |page=168 |isbn=978-0-312-20407-5 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=|title-link=Fashionable Nonsense }}: "Should the reader entertain any further doubts about the ubiquity of pseudo-scientific language in Deleuze and Guattari's work, he or she is invited to consult [...] pages 32-33, 142-143, 211-212, 251-252, 293-295, 361-365, 369-374, 389-390, 461, 469-473, and 482-490 of A Thousand Plateaus." 14. ^{{cite book|author1=Daniel Smith|author2=John Protevi|title=Gilles Deleuze|work=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|edition=Spring 2018|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|editor=Edward N. Zalta|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/deleuze/#SciWarCri|orig-year=First published in [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2008/entries/deleuze/ Summer 2008]|year=2018}} 15. ^{{cite web|work=Spiked Online|author=Roger Scruton|title=These left thinkers have destroyed the intellectual life|url=https://www.spiked-online.com/2015/12/10/these-left-thinkers-have-destroyed-the-intellectual-life/|accessdate=12 January 2018|date=10 December 2015}} 16. ^{{cite book |author=Roger Scruton |title=Fools, Frauds and Firebrands: Thinkers of the New Left |publisher=Bloomsbury |location=London |year=2015 |page=189 |isbn=978-1-4081-8733-3}} 17. ^{{cite book |author=Jean-François Lyotard |chapter=Answering the Question: What is Postmodernism?|translator=Régis Durand|title=The Postmodern Condition:A Report on Knowledge|publisher=University of Minnesota Press |location=Minneapolis |year=1993 |pages=71–82|isbn=978-0-8166-1173-7 |quote="Under the general demand for slackening and appeasement, we can hear the mutterings of the desire for a return of terror, for the realization of the fantasy to seize reality.}} 18. ^{{cite book |author=Murray, Janet |title=Hamlet on the Holodeck |publisher=Free Press |location=New York |year=1997 |page=132 |isbn=978-0684827230}} 19. ^{{cite book |author=Aarseth, Espen |title=Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |year=1997 |page=6 |isbn=978-0801855795}} 20. ^{{Citation | title= Epistemology as Politics and the Double-Bind of Border Thinking: Lévi-Strauss, Deleuze and Guattari, Mignolo | first= Timothy | last= Laurie | journal=Portal: Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= 1–20 | year= 2012 | url= https://www.academia.edu/2137504 | quote=Deleuze and Guattari do recognise many of these concerns in their discussions of ethnologists.| doi= 10.5130/portal.v9i2.1826 }} 21. ^{{cite book |author1=Hardt, Michael |author2=Negri, Antonio |title=Empire |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |year=2000 |page=424 |isbn=978-0674006713}} 22. ^{{cite book |author=Urry, John |title=Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty First Century |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2000 |page=27 |isbn=978-0415190893}} 23. ^{{cite book |author=DeLanda, Manuel |title=A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |location=New York |year=2006 |page=120 |isbn=978-0826491695}} External links
6 : 1980 non-fiction books|Anti-fascist books|Books about literary theory|Contemporary philosophical literature|Works by Félix Guattari|Works by Gilles Deleuze |
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。