| 词条 | Sharon Statement |
| 释义 |
The Sharon Statement is the founding statement of principles for Young Americans for Freedom. The views expressed in the statement, while not considered "traditional conservative principles" at the time, played a significant role in influencing Republican leaders in the 1980s.[1] Written by M. Stanton Evans[2] and adopted on September 11, 1960, the statement is named for the location of the inaugural meeting of Young Americans for Freedom, held at William F. Buckley, Jr.'s estate in Sharon, Connecticut.[3] BackgroundIn the late 1950s conservative students on college campuses campaigned for policies to combat communism. Many of these students became supporters of Barry Goldwater's 1960 campaign for the GOP vice-presidential nomination. At the Republican National Convention, Goldwater, failing to secure the nomination, challenged attendees saying: "Let’s grow up conservatives. If you want to take the party back, then let’s get to work!"{{cn|date=April 2018}} In response, a meeting was organized at the home of William F. Buckley in Sharon, Connecticut.[3] In attendance at the Sharon Conference were about 90 students from 44 universities located in 24 states.{{cn|date=April 2018}} Amongst the attendees were several future conservative leaders including historian Lee Edwards, Howard Phillips, Don Lipsett (co-founder Philadelphia Society), Paul Niemeyer (United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit), National Review publisher William A. Rusher (National Review publisher), Allan Ryskind (publisher of Human Events) and M. Stanton Evans.[4] It was decided to organize a new organization which was named the Young Americans for Freedom (YAF). Evans was selected to draft the founding principles of the group, named Sharon Statement after Buckley's residence.[6] Evans said he was influenced by the works of conservative thinkers such as F. A. Hayek, Russell Kirk, William F. Buckley Jr., and Whittaker Chambers.{{cn|date=April 2018}} SummaryThe Sharon Statement consists of 400 words. It's an expression of National Review editor Frank Meyer’s "fusionism," described as a combination of traditional conservatism, libertarianism and anti-communism, the three prevailing variants of conservatism at the time. The inclusion of "God" in the document was controversial. The statement begins with the statement "“foremost among the transcendent values is the individual’s use of his God-given free will." It then proceeds to espouse five core principles which have directed the conservative movement since its adoption:[3]
Legacy{{external media|width=250px|align=right|headerimage=|video1=[https://www.c-span.org/video/?295406-1/50th-anniversary-sharon-statement 50th Anniversary of the Sharon Statement], C-SPAN video}}Two years later, in 1962, Tom Hayden wrote the Port Huron Statement. The manifesto for Students for a Democratic Society has been called the left's response to the Sharon Statement.{{cn|date=April 2018}} In 2010, fifty years after the adoption of the Sharon Statement, the Mount Vernon Statement was written. The Mount Vernon Statement shares the same sentiment of the Sharon Statement. However where Sharon focuses on the "outworkings of liberty and self-government", Mount Vernon emphasizes a principle from the Declaration of Independence: that human freedom is based on "the laws of nature and nature’s God."{{cn|date=April 2018}} In a 2010 interview, Evans reflected on the impact of the Sharon Statement attributing the document and the movement it spawned to the fall of the Soviet Union while failing to address the "domestic spending issue" and “cultural issues, educational issues."[6] In his obituary of Evans journalist Adam Clymer called it a "seminal document" in the establishment of the conservative movement.[5] The Heritage Foundation described the Sharon Statement as "statement is a succinct summary of the central ideas of modern American conservatism".[6]References1. ^ {{cite book |last= Chafe|first= William|date= 2003|title= A History of Our Time: Readings in Postwar America|url= |location= New York, Oxford|publisher= Oxford University Press|page= 305|isbn= 9780195151053}} 2. ^Klatch, Rebecca E. (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=61oY9P7RrmcC A Generation Divided: The New Left, the New Right, and the 1960s] University of California Press. p. 21. {{ISBN|0-520-21714-4}}. 3. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Waters |first=Robert |date=2014 |title=American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia |url= |location= |editor1-last=Frohnen |editor1-first=Bruce |editor1-link=Bruce Frohnen |editor2-last=Beer |editor2-first=Jeremy |editor2-link= |editor3-last=Jeffrey |editor3-first=Nelson O. |publisher=Open Road Media |page= |author-link= |isbn=9781497651579 }} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://spectator.org/38936_young-americans-old-freedoms/|title=Young Americans, Old FreedomsThe American Spectator|website=spectator.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-07}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/us/m-stanton-evans-pioneer-of-conservative-movement-dies-at-80.html|title=M. Stanton Evans, Who Helped Shape Conservative Movement, Is Dead at 80|publisher=The New York Times|author=Adam Clymer|date=March 4, 2015|access-date=May 20, 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/initiatives/first-principles/primary-sources/the-sharon-statement |title=The Sharon Statement |work=The Heritage Foundation |date=September 11, 1960 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112215047/https://www.heritage.org/initiatives/first-principles/primary-sources/the-sharon-statement |archive-date=January 12, 2017}} Further reading
External links
6 : American political manifestos|1960 in the United States|Political statements|Conservatism in the United States|Sharon, Connecticut|1960 documents |
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