| 词条 | Auburn hair |
| 释义 |
|title=Auburn |textcolor=white |hex=A52A2A |r=165|g=42|b=42| |c=10|m=91|y=86|k=20 |h=0|s=75|v=65 |source= }} Auburn hair is a variety of red hair, most commonly described as reddish-brown in color or dark ginger. Auburn hair ranges in shades from medium to dark. It can be found with a wide array of skin tones and eye colors, but as is the case with most red hair, it is commonly associated with light skin features. The chemical pigments that cause the coloration of auburn hair are frequently pheomelanin with high levels of eumelanin; however, the auburn hair is due to a mutated melanocortin 1 receptor gene in the people of Northwestern European descent and by a mutated TYRP1 gene in the Austronesians, both genes that reduce the melanin production of the hair cells. Differentiation"Auburn" can be used to describe many shades of reddish hair with similar definitions or hues. It is often conflated in popular usage with Titian hair. While Titian hair is a brownish shade of red hair, auburn hair is specifically defined as including the actual color red. Most definitions of Titian hair describe it as a brownish-orange color,[2][3] but some describe it as being reddish.[4] This is in reference to red hair itself, not the color red. Auburn encompasses the color maroon, but so too do chestnut and burgundy. In contrast with the two, auburn is more red in color, while chestnut is more brown, and burgundy is more purple; chestnut hair is also often referred to as "chestnut-brown". Etymology{{Annotated image |float=left |width=170 |height=190 |image=4 Gift Bringers of Otto III.jpg|caption=Early Slavs (Sclaveni) were described and shown as having an auburn (reddish) complexion by Byzantine sources |annotations= |image-top=-10 |image-left=-40 |image-width=-80}}The word "auburn" comes from the Old French word alborne, which meant blond, coming from Latin word alburnus ("off-white"). The first recorded use of auburn in English was in 1430.[5][6] The word was sometimes corrupted into abram, for example in early (pre-1685) folios of Coriolanus, Thomas Kyd's Soliman and Perseda (1588) and Thomas Middleton's Blurt, Master Constable (1601).[7] Geographic distributionAuburn hair is common among people of northern and western European descent, as well as North Africans,[8] but it is rare elsewhere. Auburn hair occurs most frequently in the following regions: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Ireland, Scotland, England, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Poland, north Iberia and Russia. This hair color is less common farther south and southeast, but can occur somewhat regularly in Southern Europe (more so in Spain, and to some extent Portugal and Italy). It can also be found in other parts of the world colonized by genetically European people, such as North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Siberia, etc. Auburn is sometimes seen among the indigenous people of Taiwan (Formosa), but it is absent in the later Han Chinese immigrants. It is more common among the Formosan aborigines than among the white people of Northwestern European descent; however, with them it is not due to the mutated MC1R gene but to the mutated TYRP1 gene, both of which reduce melanin production. See also{{Portal|Color}}
References1. ^Denny, J. [https://books.google.com/books?id=32y5SxafUDUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Anne+Boleyn:+A+New+Life+of+England's+Tragic+Queen&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Z9m7UuTINYnkoAT-3YJ4&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Anne Boleyn: A New Life of England's Tragic Queen.] Da Capo Press. 2004. page 19. 2. ^"Titian" in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary 3. ^"Titian" in The Free Dictionary 4. ^"Titian" on Dictionary.com 5. ^"Auburn" in the Online Etymology Dictionary 6. ^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190; Color Sample of Auburn Page 37 Plate 7 Color Sample C11 7. ^The Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Moffat|first1=Alistair|title=Celts' red hair could be attributed to the cloudy weather|url=http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/could-irelands-cloudy-weather-be-the-reason-for-the-stereotypical-red-hair-178077221-237789031.html|accessdate=31 December 2014}} External links
5 : Auburn hair|Hair color|Red hair|Shades of brown|Brown hair |
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