| 词条 | Stepan Bandera |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | name = Stepan Bandera Степан Андрійович Бандера | honorific-suffix = | image = SBandera-colour.jpg | imagesize = | smallimage = | birth_name = Stepan Andriyovych Bandera | birth_date = 1 January 1909 | birth_place = Uhryniv Staryi, Galicia, Austria-Hungary | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1959|10|15|1909|1|1}} | death_place = Munich, West Germany | order = | office = | term_start = | term_end = | citizenship = Austria-Hungary → Second Polish Republic → Stateless | nationality = Ukrainian | spouse = {{Interlanguage link|Yaroslava Bandera|uk|Бандера Ярослава Василівна|WD=}} | party = Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists | relations = Brother: {{Interlanguage link|Vasyl Bandera|uk|Бандера Василь Андрійович|WD=}} | children = Three | parents = Father: {{Interlanguage link|Andrii Bandera|uk|Бандера Андрій Михайлович|WD=}} Mother: {{Interlanguage link|Myroslava Bandera|uk|Бандера Мирослава Володимирівна|WD=}} | residence = | alma_mater = Lviv Polytechnic | occupation = Politician | footnotes = | nickname = | allegiance = {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ukraine | branch = OUN (1929—1940) UPA, OUN-B (1940—1959) | rank = | unit = | commands = | battles = World War II | awards = Hero of Ukraine (stripped) | signature = Stepan Bandera sign svg.svg }}Stepan Andriyovych Bandera ({{lang-uk|Степан Андрійович Бандера}}, {{lang-pl|Stepan Andrijowycz Bandera}}; 1 January 1909 – 15 October 1959) was a head of a militant wing of Ukrainian independence movement[1][2] and a leader of the terrorist activity of Ukrainian nationalists.[1] Born in Austrian Galicia, into the family of a Greek-Catholic priest, he became nationalistic from an early age. After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary Galicia became a short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic, but was quickly annexed by Poland and was subjected to an extensive campaigns of Polonization and Pacification. He became radicalised during this time, and after Polish authorities refused his request to leave for Czechoslovakia for studying, he enrolled in Lviv Polytechnic where he organized several nationalistic organizations. He was imprisoned in 1934 and was sentenced to death, but his sentence was quickly commuted to life imprisonment. He escaped prison in 1939 when the Second Polish Republic collapsed after the joint Nazi-Soviet invasion and moved to the German-occupied zone. Bandera cultivated German military circles favorable to Ukrainian independence, and organized OUN expeditionary groups. When Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union he prepared the 30 June 1941 Proclamation of Ukrainian statehood in Lviv.[3] For his refusal to rescind the decree, Bandera was arrested by Gestapo, which put him under house arrest on 5 of July 1941[4] and later, between 1942 and 1943,[5] sent him to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.[6] In 1944, with Germany rapidly losing ground in the war in the face of the advancing Allied armies, Bandera was released, in the hope that he would be instrumental in deterring the advancing Soviet forces. He set up the headquarters of the re-established Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council in Berlin, but fled when the Soviet forces advanced to the city. He settled with his family in West Germany where he remained the leader of the OUN-B and worked with several anti-communist organizations such as the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations[7][8] as well as with the British intelligence agencies.[7] Fourteen years after the end of the war, in 1959, Bandera was assassinated by KGB agent Bohdan Stashynsky in Munich.[9][10] On 22 January 2010, the outgoing President of Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko, awarded Bandera the posthumous title of Hero of Ukraine.[11] The European Parliament condemned the award;[12] so did Russian,[13] as did Polish and Jewish politicians and organizations.[14][15][16] The incoming president, Viktor Yanukovych, declared the award illegal, since Bandera was never a citizen of the Ukraine, a stipulation necessary for getting the award. This announcement was confirmed by a court decision in April 2010.[17] In January 2011 the award was officially annulled.[18] Nonetheless in December 2018 the Ukrainian parliament has moved to again confer the award to Bandera.[19] Bandera remains a highly controversial figure in Ukraine,[20][21][22] with some hailing him as a liberator who fought both the Soviets and the Nazis while trying to establish an independent Ukraine,{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} while others consider him to be a Nazi collaborationist[23] and a war criminal[26] who was, together with his followers, largely responsible for the Volhynian genocide[24] and partially for the Holocaust in Ukraine.[25][26][27][28] Early lifeBandera was born in Uhryniv Staryi, Galicia, Austria-Hungary. He attended the Fourth Form Grammar School in Stryi.[29] After graduation from high school in 1927, he planned to attend the Ukrainian College of Technology and Economics in Podebrady in Czechoslovakia, but the Polish authorities did not grant him travel papers.[30] In 1928, Bandera enrolled in the agronomy program at the Lviv Polytechnic (then Politechnika Lwowska).[31]—one of the few programs open to Ukrainians at the time.[29] This was due to restrictions placed on minority enrollment—aimed primarily at Jews and Ukrainians—in both secondary schools (gymnasia) and university level institutions by the Polish government.[32] Pre-WWII activityEarly activitiesStepan Bandera had met and associated himself with members of a variety of Ukrainian nationalist organizations throughout his schooling—from Plast, to the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine ({{lang-ua|Українська Визвольна Організація}}) and also the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) ({{lang-ua|Організація Українських Націоналістів}}). The most active of these organizations was the OUN, and the leader of the OUN was Andriy Melnyk.[29] Because of his determined personality, Stepan Bandera quickly rose through the ranks of these organizations, becoming the chief propaganda officer of the OUN in 1931, the second in command of OUN in Galicia in 1932–33, and the head of the National Executive or the OUN in 1933.[31] For Bandera, an inclusive policy of nation building was important and therefore, he focused on growing support amongst all classes of Ukrainians in Western parts of Ukraine. In the early 1930s, Bandera was very active in finding and developing groups of Ukrainian nationalists in both Western and Eastern Ukraine.[29] OUNStepan Bandera became head of the OUN national executive in Galicia in June 1933. He expanded the OUN's network in the Kresy, directing it against both Poland and the Soviet Union. To stop expropriations, Bandera turned OUN against the Polish officials who were directly responsible for anti-Ukrainian policies. Activities included mass campaigns against Polish tobacco and alcohol monopolies and against the denationalization of Ukrainian youth. He was arrested in Lviv in 1934, and tried twice: first, concerning involvement in a plot to assassinate the minister of internal affairs, Bronisław Pieracki, and second at a general trial of OUN executives. He was convicted of terrorism and sentenced to death.[31] The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.[31] He was held in Wronki Prison; in 1938 some of his followers tried unsuccessfully to break him out of the jail.[33] According to various sources, Bandera was freed in September 1939, either by Ukrainian jailers after Polish jail administration left the jail,[34] by Poles[35] or by the Nazis soon after the German invasion of Poland.[36][37][38] Soon thereafter Eastern Poland fell under Soviet occupation. Upon release from prison, Bandera moved to Kraków, the capital of Germany's occupational General Government. There, he came in contact with the leader of the OUN, Andriy Melnyk. In 1940, the political differences between the two leaders caused the OUN to split into two factions—the Melnyk faction led by Andriy Melnyk, which preached a more conservative approach to nation-building, (also known as the OUN-M), and the Bandera faction led by S. Bandera, which supported a revolutionary approach, (also known as the OUN-B).[39] Formation of Mobile GroupsBefore the independence proclamation of 30 June 1941, Bandera oversaw the formation of so-called "Mobile Groups" ({{lang-ua|мобільні групи}}) which were small (5–15 members) groups of OUN-B members who would travel from General Government to Western Ukraine and after German advance to Eastern Ukraine to encourage support for the OUN-B and establishing the local authorities ruled by OUN-B activists.[40] In total, approximately 7,000 people participated in these mobile groups, and they found followers among a wide circle of intellectuals, such as Ivan Bahriany, Vasyl Barka, Hryhorii Vashchenko, and many others.[41] Formation of the UPA{{Further|Ukrainian Insurgent Army}}World War IIOUN leaders Andriy Melnyk and Bandera were recruited before World War II into the Nazi Germany military intelligence Abwehr for espionage, counter-espionage and sabotage. Their goal was to run diversion activities after Germany's attack on the Soviet Union. Melnyk was given code name 'Consul I'. This information is part of the testimony that Abwehr Colonel Erwin Stolze gave on 25 December 1945 and submitted to the Nuremberg trials, with a request to be admitted as evidence.[42][43] In the spring of 1941, Bandera held meetings with the heads of Germany's intelligence, regarding the formation of "Nachtigall" and "Roland" Battalions. In spring of that year the OUN received 2.5 million marks for subversive activities inside the USSR.[40][44][45] Gestapo and Abwehr officials protected Bandera followers, as both organizations intended to use them for their own purposes.[46]On 30 June 1941, with the arrival of Nazi troops in Ukraine, Bandera and the OUN-B declared an independent Ukrainian State ("Act of Renewal of Ukrainian Statehood").[57] This declaration was accompanied by violent porgoms.[57] Some of the published proclamations of the formation of this state say that it would "work closely with the National-Socialist Greater Germany, under the leadership of its leader Adolf Hitler which is forming a new order in Europe and the world and is helping the Ukrainian People to free itself from Moscovite occupation." – as stated in the text of the "Act of Proclamation of Ukrainian Statehood".[40][45] Bandera's expectation that Nazi regime would post factum recognize an independent fascist Ukraine as the Axis ally proved to be wrong.[57] In 1941 relations between Nazi Germany and the OUN-B had soured to the point where a Nazi document dated 25 November 1941 stated that "... the Bandera Movement is preparing a revolt in the Reichskommissariat which has as its ultimate aim the establishment of an independent Ukraine. All functionaries of the Bandera Movement must be arrested at once and, after thorough interrogation, are to be liquidated...".[47] On 5 July, Bandera was transferred to Berlin. On 12 July, the prime minister of the newly formed Ukrainian National Government, Yaroslav Stetsko, was also arrested and taken to Berlin. Although released from custody on 14 July, both were required to stay in Berlin. On 15 September 1941 Bandera and leading OUN members were arrested by the Gestapo. In January 1942, Bandera was transferred to Sachsenhausen concentration camp's special barrack for high-profile political prisoners Zellenbau.[48] In April 1944, Bandera and his deputy Yaroslav Stetsko were approached by a Reich Main Security Office official to discuss plans for diversions and sabotage against the Soviet Army.[49] In September 1944[50] Bandera was released by the German authorities, and collaboration between OUN and Nazi Germany resumed at several levels;[57] it continued until the end of the war.[57] With German consent, Bandera set up headquarters in Berlin.[51] Postwar activityAccording to Stephen Dorril, author of MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service, OUN-B was re-formed in 1946 under the sponsorship of MI6. The organization had been receiving some support from MI6 since the 1930s.[52] One faction of Bandera's organization, associated with Mykola Lebed, became more closely associated with the CIA.[53] Bandera himself was the target of an extensive and aggressive search carried out by CIC.[54] It failed having described the objective as "extremely dangerous" and "constantly en route, frequently in disguise".[55] Some American intelligence reported that he even was guarded by former SS men.[56] His organization perpetrated many crimes, including hundred of thousands of murders,[57] counterfeiting, and kidnapping. After the Bavarian state government initiated a crackdown on it, Bandera agreed with the BND offering them his service, despite CIA warning the West Germans against cooperating with him.[58] Views towards other ethnic groupsPolesIn May 1941 at a meeting in Kraków the leadership of Bandera's OUN faction adopted the program "Struggle and action for OUN during the war" ({{lang-uk|"Боротьба й діяльність ОУН під час війни"}}) which outlined the plans for activities at the onset of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union and the western territories of the Ukrainian SSR.[59] Section G of that document –"Directives for organizing the life of the state during the first days" ({{lang-uk|"Вказівки на перші дні організації державного життя"}}) outline activity of the Bandera followers during summer 1941.[60] In the subsection of "Minority Policy" the OUN-B ordered the removal of hostile Poles, Jews, and Russians via deportation and the destruction of their respective intelligentsias, stating further that the "so-called Polish peasants must be assimilated" and to "destroy their leaders."{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} In late 1942, when Bandera was in a German concentration camp, his organization, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, was involved in a Massacres of Poles in Volhynia, and in early 1944, ethnic cleansings also spread to Eastern Galicia. It is estimated that more than 35,000 and up to 60,000[61] Poles, mostly women and children along with unarmed men, were killed during the spring and summer campaign of 1943 in Volhynia, and up to 100,000 if other regions (Eastern Galicia) are included.[62][63] Despite the central role played by Bandera's followers in the massacre of Poles in western Ukraine, Bandera himself was interned in a German concentration camp when the concrete decision to massacre the Poles was made and when the Poles were killed. According to Yaroslav Hrytsak, during his internment, from the summer of 1941, he was not completely aware of events in Ukraine and moreover had serious differences of opinion with Mykola Lebed, the OUN-B leader who remained in Ukraine and who was one of the chief architects of the massacres of Poles.[64][65] Bandera was thus not directly involved in those massacres.[64]{{Unreliable source?|Info=Interview and not peer-review, paywall|date=November 2016}} JewsUkrainian nationalism did not historically include antisemitism as a core aspect of its program and saw Russians as well as Poles as the chief enemy with Jews playing a secondary role.[66] Nevertheless, Ukrainian nationalism was not immune to the influence of the antisemitic climate in the Eastern and Central Europe,[66] that had already become highly racialized in the late 19th century, and had developed an elaborate anti-Jewish discourse.[67]Hostility to both the Soviet central government and the Jewish minority were highlighted at the OUN-B's Conference in Kraków in May 1941, at which the leadership of Bandera's OUN faction adopted the program "Struggle and action of OUN during the war" ({{lang-uk|"Боротьба й діяльність ОУН під час війни"}}) which outlined the plans for activities at the onset of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union and the western territories of the Ukrainian SSR.[59] The program declared that: The Jews in the USSR constitute the most faithful support of the ruling Bolshevik regime, and the vanguard of Muscovite imperialism in Ukraine. The Muscovite-Bolshevik government exploits the anti-Jewish sentiments of the Ukrainian masses to divert their attention from the true cause of their misfortune and to channel them in a time of frustration into pogroms on Jews. The OUN combats the Jews as the prop of the Muscovite-Bolshevik regime and simultaneously it renders the masses conscious of the fact that the principal foe is Moscow.[68] Section G of the program – "Directives for organizing the life of the state during the first days" ({{lang-uk|"Вказівки на перші дні організації державного життя"}}) outlined activity of the Bandera followers during mid-1941.[60] In a subsection on "Minority Policy", the leaders of OUN-B ordered: Moskali [i.e. ethnic Russians], Poles, and Jews that are hostile to us are to be destroyed in struggle, particularly those opposing the regime, by means of: deporting them to their own lands, eradicating their intelligentsia, which is not to be admitted to any governmental positions, and overall preventing any creation of this intelligentsia (e.g. access to education etc)... Jews are to be isolated, removed from governmental positions in order to prevent sabotage... Those who are deemed necessary may only work under strict supervision and removed from their positions for slightest misconduct... Jewish assimilation is not possible.[69][70][71] Later in June, Yaroslav Stetsko sent to Bandera a report in which he stated "We are creating a militia which will help to remove the Jews and protect the population."[72][73] Leaflets spread in the name of Bandera in the same year called for the "destruction" of "Moscow", Poles, Hungarians and Jewry.[74][75][76] In 1941–1942 while Bandera was cooperating with the Germans, OUN members did take part in anti-Jewish actions. German police at 1941 reported that "fanatic" Bandera followers, organised in small groups were "extraordinarily active" against Jews and communists.[77] However, when Bandera was in conflict with the Germans, the UPA under his authority sheltered Jews,[78] and included some Jewish fighters and medical personnel.[79][80] In the official organ of the OUN-B's leadership, instructions to OUN groups urged those groups to "liquidate the manifestations of harmful foreign influence, particularly the German racist concepts and practices."[81] Several Jews took part in Bandera's underground movement,[82] including one of Bandera's close associates Richard Yary who was also married to a Jewish woman. Another notable Jewish UPA member was Leyba-Itzik "Valeriy" Dombrovsky. (While two Karaites from Galicia, Anna-Amelia Leonowicz (1925–1949) and her mother, Helena (Ruhama) Leonowicz (1890–1967), are reported to have become members of OUN, oral accounts suggest that both women collaborated not of their own free will, but following threats from nationalists.[83]) By 1942, Nazi officials had concluded that Ukrainian nationalists were largely indifferent to Jews and were willing to both help them or kill them, if either better served the nationalist cause. A report, dated 30 March 1942, sent to the Gestapo in Berlin, claimed that "the Bandera movement provided forged passports not only for its own members, but also for Jews."[84] The false papers were most likely supplied to Jewish doctors or skilled workers who could be useful for the movement.[85] DeathOn 15 October 1959, Stepan Bandera collapsed outside of Kreittmayrstrasse 7 in Munich and died shortly thereafter. A medical examination established that the cause of his death was poison by cyanide gas.[86] On 20 October 1959, Stepan Bandera was buried in the Waldfriedhof Cemetery in Munich. His grave was desecrated on 17 August 2014 by unknown vandals, who toppled the 1.8 m cross.[87] Two years after his death, on 17 November 1961, the German judicial bodies announced that Bandera's murderer had been a KGB defector named Bohdan Stashynsky who acted on the orders of Soviet KGB head Alexander Shelepin and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev.[88] After a detailed investigation against Stashynsky, a trial took place from 8 to 15 October 1962. Stashynsky was convicted, and on 19 October he was sentenced to eight years in prison. FamilyBandera's brother Aleksandr (who had a PhD in Political Economy from the University of Rome) and brother Vasyl (a graduate in Philosophy, Lviv University) were arrested by Germans and interned in Auschwitz, where they were allegedly killed by Polish inmates in 1942.[89] Andriy Bandera, Stepan's father, was arrested by Soviets in late May 1941 for harboring an OUN member and transferred to Kiev. On 8 July he was sentenced to death and executed on the 10th. His sisters Oksana and Marta–Maria were arrested by the NKVD in 1941 and sent to a GULAG in Siberia. Both were released in 1960 without the right to return to Ukraine. Marta–Maria died in Siberia in 1982, and Oksana returned to Ukraine in 1989 where she died in 2004. Another sister, Volodymyra, was sentenced to a term in Soviet labor camps from 1946–1956. She returned to Ukraine in 1956.[90] LegacyThe Soviet Union actively campaigned to discredit Bandera and all other Ukrainian nationalist partisans of World War II.[91][92][93][94] In an interview with Russian newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda in 2005, former KGB Chief Vladimir Kryuchkov claimed that "the murder of Stepan Bandera was one of the last cases when the KGB disposed of undesired people by means of violence."[95] In late 2006 the Lviv city administration announced the future transference of the tombs of Stepan Bandera, Andriy Melnyk, Yevhen Konovalets and other key leaders of OUN/UPA to a new area of Lychakivskiy Cemetery specifically dedicated to victims of the repressions of the Ukrainian national liberation struggle.[96] In October 2007, the city of Lviv erected a statue dedicated to Bandera.[97] The appearance of the statue has engendered a far-reaching debate about the role of Stepan Bandera and UPA in Ukrainian history. The two previously erected statues were blown up by unknown perpetrators; the current is guarded by a militia detachment 24/7. On 18 October 2007, the Lviv City Council adopted a resolution establishing the "Award of Stepan Bandera."[98][99] On 1 January 2009 his 100th birthday was celebrated in several Ukrainian centres[100][101][102][103][104] and a postage stamp with his portrait was issued the same day.[105] On 1 January 2014 Bandera's 105th birthday was celebrated by a torchlight procession of 15,000 people in the centre of Kiev and thousands more rallied near his statue in Lviv.[106][107][108] The march was supported by the far-right Svoboda party and some members of the center-right Batkivshchyna.[109] Attitudes in Ukraine towards BanderaBandera continues to be a divisive figure in Ukraine. Although Bandera is venerated in certain parts of western Ukraine, and 33% of Lviv's residents consider themselves to be followers of Bandera,[110] in surveys of Ukraine as a whole he, along with Joseph Stalin and Mikhail Gorbachev, is considered among the three historical figures who produce the most negative attitudes.[111] A national survey conducted in Ukraine in 2009 inquired about attitudes by region towards Bandera's faction of the OUN. It produced the following results: In Galicia (provinces of Lviv, Ternopil, and Ivano-Frankivsk) 37% had a "very positive" opinion of Bandera, 26% a "mostly positive" opinion, 20% were "neutral", 5% "mostly negative", 6% "very negative", and 6% "unsure". In Volhynia, 5% had a very positive opinion, 20% a mostly positive opinion, 57% were neutral, 7% were mostly negative, 5% very negative and 6% were unsure. In Transcarpathia 4% of the respondents had a very positive opinion, 32% a mostly positive opinion, 50% were neutral, none had a mostly negative opinion, 7% had a very negative opinion and 7% were unsure. In contrast, in central Ukraine (comprising the capital Kiev, as well as the provinces of Zhytomyr, Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Poltava, Sumy, Vinnytsia, and Kirovohrad) attitudes towards Bandera's faction of the OUN were 3% very positive, 10% mostly positive, 24% neutral, 17% mostly negative, 21% very negative and 25% unsure. In Eastern Ukraine (the provinces of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia) 1% each had very positive or mostly positive attitudes towards Bandera's OUN, 19% were neutral, 13% mostly negative, 26% very negative and 20% unsure. In Ukraine's south (the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions plus Crimea) 1% each were very or mostly positive, 13% were neutral, 31% mostly negative, 48% very negative and 25% were unsure. In Ukraine as a whole, 6% of Ukrainians had a very positive opinion, 8% a mostly positive opinion, 23% were neutral, 15% had a mostly negative opinion, 30% had a very negative opinion, and 18% were unsure.[112] 2014 Russian intervention in UkraineDuring the 2014 Crimean crisis and unrest in Ukraine, pro-Russian Ukrainians, Russians (in Russia) and some Western authors[113] alluded to the (in their opinion) bad influence of Bandera on Euromaidan protesters and pro-Ukrainian Unity supporters in justifying their actions.[114] Russian media used this to justify Russia's actions.[26] Putin welcomed the annexation of Crimea by declaring that he "was saving them from the new Ukrainian leaders who are the ideological heirs of Bandera, Hitler's accomplice during World War II".[26] Pro-Russian activists claimed "Those people in Kiev are Bandera-following Nazi collaborators".[26] And Ukrainians living in Russia complained of being labelled a "Banderite" (even when they were from parts of Ukraine where Bandera has no popular support).[115] Groups who do idolize Bandera did take part in the Euromaidan protests, but were a minority element.[115][116] Hero of Ukraine awardOn 22 January 2010, on the Day of Unity of Ukraine, the then-President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko awarded to Bandera the title of Hero of Ukraine (posthumously) for "defending national ideas and battling for an independent Ukrainian state."[117] A grandson of Bandera, also named Stepan, accepted the award that day from the Ukrainian President during the state ceremony to commemorate the Day of Unity of Ukraine at the National Opera House of Ukraine.[117][118][119][120] Reactions to Bandera's award vary. This award has been condemned by the Simon Wiesenthal Center[121] and the Student Union of French Jews.[122] On the same day, numerous Ukrainian media, such as the Russian language Segodnya, published articles in that regard mentioning the case of Yevhen Berezniak, a widely known Ukrainian Soviet World War II veteran, considering to renounce his own Hero of Ukraine title.[123] The representatives from several antifascist organizations in neighboring Slovakia condemned the award to Bandera, calling Yushchenko's decision a provocation was reported by RosBisnessConsulting referring to Radio Praha.[124] On 25 February 2010, the European Parliament criticized the decision by then president of Ukraine, Yushchenko to award Bandera the title of Hero of Ukraine and expressed hope it would be reconsidered.[125] On 14 May 2010 in a statement, the Russian Foreign Ministry said about the award: "that the event is so odious that it could no doubt cause a negative reaction in the first place in Ukraine. Already it is known a position on this issue of a number of Ukrainian politicians, who believe that solutions of this kind do not contribute to the consolidation of Ukrainian public opinion".[126] On the other hand, the decree was applauded by Ukrainian nationalists, in western Ukraine and by a small portion of Ukrainian-Americans.[127][128] On 9 February 2010, the Poland's Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz said at a meeting with the head of Russia's Federation Council Sergei Mironov, that adaptation of the Hero title of Ukraine to Bandera is an internal matter of the Ukrainian government.[129] On 3 March 2010, the Ivano-Frankivsk regional council called on the European Parliament to review this resolution.[130] Taras Kuzio, a senior fellow in the chair of Ukrainian studies at the University of Toronto, has suggested Yushchenko awarded Bandera the award in order to frustrate Yulia Tymoshenko's chances to get elected President during the Ukrainian Presidential elections 2010.[131]President Viktor Yanukovych stated on 5 March 2010 he would make a decision to repeal the decrees to honor the title as Heroes of Ukraine to Bandera and fellow nationalist Roman Shukhevych before the next Victory Day,[132] although the Hero of Ukraine decrees do not stipulate the possibility that a decree on awarding this title can be annulled.[133] On 2 April 2010, an administrative Donetsk region court ruled the Presidential decree awarding the title to be illegal. According to the court's decision, Bandera wasn't a citizen of the Ukrainian SSR (vis-à-vis Ukraine).[134][135][136][137] On 5 April 2010, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine refused to start constitutional proceedings on the constitutionality of the President Yushchenko decree the award was based on. A ruling by the court was submitted by the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea on 20 January 2010.[138] In January 2011, the presidential press service informed that the award was officially annulled.[18][139] This was done after a cassation appeals filed against the ruling by Donetsk District Administrative Court was rejected by the Higher Administrative Court of Ukraine on 12 January 2011.[140][141] Former President Yushchenko called the annulment "a gross error".[142] CommemorationThere are Stepan Bandera museums in Dubliany, Volia-Zaderevatska, Staryi Uhryniv, and Yahilnytsia. There is a Stepan Bandera Museum of Liberation Struggle in London, part of the OUN Archive,[143] and The Bandera's Family Museum (Музей родини Бандерів) in Stryi.[144][145] Monuments dedicated to Stepan Bander have been constructured in a number of western Ukrainian cities, including Staryi Uhryniv, Kolomyia, Drohobych,[146] Zalishchyky,[147] Mykytyntsi,[148] Uzyn,[149] Lviv, Buchach,[150] Hrabivka,[151] Horodenka,[152] Staryi Sambir,[153] Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk,[154] Strusiv,[155] Truskavets,[156] Horishniy, Velykosilky, Sambir, Velyki Mosty, Skole,[157] Turka,[158] Zdolbuniv,[159] Chortkiv,[160][161] Sniatyn,[162] and in such cities and villages as Berezhany, Boryslav, Chervonohrad, Dubliany, Kamianka-Buzka, Kremenets, Mostyska, Pidvolochysk, Seredniy Bereziv, Terebovlia, Verbiv, and Volia-Zaderevatska. In 2010 and 2011, Bandera was named an honorary citizen of a number of western Ukrainian cities, including Khust,[163] Nadvirna,[164] Ternopil,[165] Ivano-Frankivsk,[166] Lviv,[167] Kolomyia,[168] Dolyna,[169] Varash,[170] Lutsk,[171] Chervonohrad,[172] Terebovlia,[173] Truskavets,[174] Radekhiv,[175] Sokal,[176] Stebnyk,[177] Zhovkva,[178] Skole,[179] Berezhany,[180] Sambir,[181] Boryslav,[182] Brody,[183] Stryi,[184] and Morshyn.[185] There are Stepan Bandera streets in Lviv (formerly Mury street), Lutsk (formerly Suvorovska street), Rivne (formerly Moskovska street), Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chervonohrad (formerly Nad Buhom street),[186] Berezhany (formerly Cherniakhovskoho street), Drohobych (formerly Sliusarska street), Stryi, Kalush, Kovel, Volodymyr-Volynskyi, Horodenka, Dubrovytsia, Kolomyia, Dolyna, Iziaslav, Skole, Shepetivka, Brovary, and Boryspil, and a Stepan Bandera prospect in Ternopil (part of the former Lenin prospect).[187] On 16 January 2017 the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance stated that of the 51,493 streets, squares and "other facilities" that had been renamed (since 2015) due to decommunization 34 streets were named after Stepan Bandera.[188] Due to "association with the communist totalitarian regime", the Kiev City Council on 7 July 2016 voted 87 to 10 in favor of supporting renaming Moscow Avenue to Stepan Bandera Avenue.[189][190] Two feature films have been made about Bandera – Assassination: An October Murder in Munich (1995) and The Undefeated (2000), both directed by Oles Yanchuk – along with a number of documentary films. References1. ^1 David R. Marples. Stepan Bandera: The resurrection of a Ukrainian national hero, Europe-Asia Studies, 2006, 58:4, 555-566, DOI: 10.1080/09668130600652118. [https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130600652118] "A Second Extraordinary Congress of the OUN in April 1941 formally elected Bandera the leader of this more militant wing. As the head of terrorist activities in the recent past, he was considered the natural choice." 2. ^Richard Breitman. Hitler's Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, U.S. Intelligence, and the Cold War. DIANE Publishing, 2010, {{ISBN|1437944299}}, 9781437944297, p.82. "Bandera was, according to his handlers, “a professional underground worker with a terrorist background and ruthless notions about the rules of the game.... A bandit type if you like, with a burning patriotism, which provides an ethical background and a justification for his banditry. No better and no worse than others of his kind....”" 3. ^{{cite encyclopedia |author=Volodymyr Yaniv|encyclopedia= Encyclopedia of Ukraine|title= Bandera, Stepan|url= http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CA%5CBanderaStepan.htm|year= 2004|publisher= |volume= |location= |id= |quote= }} 4. ^Киричук Юрій. Історія УПА {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014124116/http://lib.oun-upa.org.ua/kyryczuk/ |date=14 October 2007 }}. — Тернопіль: Редакційно-видавничий відділ управління по пресі, 1991. (in Ukrainian) 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ru/books?id=6OXJCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA538&lpg=PA538|title=Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist : Fascism, Genocide, and Cult|last=Rossolinski|first=Grzegorz|date=2014|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=|isbn=9783838206844|location=|page=538|pages=|language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.org.ua/?termin=Bandera_S|title=БАНДЕРА СТЕПАН АНДРІЙОВИЧ|last=|first=|date=|website=History.org.ua|language=Ukrainian|access-date=2018-01-06}} 7. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/83597856|title=Stepan Bandera : mify, legendy, deĭstvitelʹnostʹ|last=Viktorovych.|first=Chastiĭ, Ruslan|date=2007|publisher=Folio|year=|isbn=966033656X|location=Kharʹkov|pages=382|oclc=83597856}} 8. ^Стецько, Я. И. З ідеями Степана Бандери за його життя і по смертi. — 2008. — P. 179−201 (in Ukrainian) 9. ^Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB, Basic Books, 1999. {{ISBN|0-465-00312-5}}, p. 362. 10. ^Кондратюк Костянтин. Новітня історія України. 1914−1945 рр.. — Львів: Видавничий центр ЛНУ імені Івана Франка, 2007. — 261 с. (in Ukrainian) 11. ^{{lang-ua| УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАИНЫ № 46/2010: О присвоении С.Бандере звания Герой Украины {{Cite web |url=http://www.president.gov.ua/ru/documents/10353.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=22 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125175510/http://www.president.gov.ua/ru/documents/10353.html |archive-date=25 January 2010 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}. President of Ukraine. Retrieved 22 January 2010.}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P7-TA-2010-0035+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN|title=Texts adopted - Thursday, 25 February 2010 - Situation in Ukraine - P7_TA(2010)0035|website=Europarl.europa.eu|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web | url = http://english.ruvr.ru/2010/01/26/3851355.html | title = Russia condemns Yushchenko for declaring Bandera a Hero of Ukraine | date = 26 January 2010 | accessdate = 3 May 2012 | publisher = Voice of Russia | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121114102737/http://english.ruvr.ru/2010/01/26/3851355.html | archive-date = 14 November 2012 | dead-url = yes | df = dmy-all }} 14. ^ , Simon Wiesenthal Center (28 January 2010) 15. ^ Student Union of French Jews, (1 February 2010) 16. ^{{cite journal |first= Eleonora |last= Narvselius |title= The 'Bandera Debate': The Contentious Legacy of World War II and Liberalization of Collective Memory in Western Ukraine |journal= Canadian Slavonic Papers |volume= 54 |issue= 3–4 |year= 2012 |pages= 469–490 |doi= |issn= 0008-5006 | url= https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/30630860/Bandera_Narvselius.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1496205381&Signature=okyB9iQMputgCIV%2FNO1o1e22ST4%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DThe_Bandera_Debate_The_Contentious_Legac.pdf}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/2001219.html|title=Донецький суд скасував указ Ющенка про присвоєння Бандері звання Героя|website=Радіо Свобода|access-date=2018-01-06}} 18. ^1 Рішенням суду президентський указ «Про присвоєння С.Бандері звання Герой України» скасовано {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110115074749/http://www.president.gov.ua/news/19103.html |date= 15 January 2011 }}, President.gov.ua. Retrieved 16 January 2011. 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=65070|title=Проект Постанови про звернення до Президента України щодо присвоєння звання Героя України Бандері Степану Андрійовичу (посмертно)|last=|first=|date=|website=w1.c1.rada.gov.ua|publisher=VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE official web portal|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-05}} 20. ^{{Citation|last=Reuters|first=Thomson|title=Ukrainians mark birthday anniversary of controversial nationalist|url=https://www.reuters.com/video/2016/01/01/ukrainians-mark-birthday-anniversary-of?videoId=366885439&videoChannel=14073|access-date=2018-11-27}} 21. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.euronews.com/2016/01/02/ukrainians-march-in-honour-of-controversial-nationalist-hero-stepan-bandera|title=Ukrainians march in honour of controversial nationalist hero Stepan Bandera|date=2016-01-02|work=euronews|access-date=2018-11-27|language=en}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/04/27/dear-ukraine-please-dont-shoot-yourself-in-the-foot-nationalists-russia-bandera-rada/|title=Dear Ukraine: Please Don't Shoot Yourself in the Foot|last=Cohen|first=Josh|website=Foreign Policy|language=en|access-date=2018-11-27}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/ukrainian/pressreview/story/2009/08/090803_vyborcza_bandera_oh.shtml|title=BBCUkrainian.com {{!}} Преса {{!}} Виборча: Для поляків – бандит, а для українців – герой|website=Bbc.co.uk|language=uk|access-date=2018-01-05}} 24. ^Henryk Komański and Szczepan Siekierka, Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w województwie tarnopolskim w latach 1939–1946 (2006) 2 volumes, 1182 pages, at pg. 203 (in Polish) 25. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880566030|title=Stepan Bandera : the life and afterlife of a Ukrainian nationalist : Fascism, genocide, and cult|last=Grzegorz,|first=Rossolinski,|date=2014|publisher=Ibidem-Verlag|isbn=9783838206868|location=Stuttgart, Germany|oclc=880566030}} 26. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/466441935|title=Holocaust in the Soviet Union.|last=1926-|first=Arad, Yitzhak,|date=2009|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=|isbn=9780803222700|location=Lincoln|page=89|pages=|oclc=466441935}} 27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.jg-berlin.org/beitraege/details/nazikollaborateur-als-neuer-held-der-ukraine-i276d-2010-04-01.html|title=Nazikollaborateur als neuer Held der Ukraine - Jüdische Gemeinde zu Berlin|website=Jg-berlin.org|language=de|access-date=2018-01-05}} 28. ^{{Cite journal|last=Himka|first=John-Paul|title=The Lviv Pogrom of 1941: The Germans, Ukrainian Nationalists, and the Carnival Crowd|url=https://www.academia.edu/1314919/The_Lviv_Pogrom_of_1941_The_Germans_Ukrainian_Nationalists_and_the_Carnival_Crowd|language=en}} 29. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://exlibris.org.ua/murders/r04.html |title=Murdered by Moscow. – [4] Stepan Bandera, His Life and Struggle (by Danylo Chaykovsky) |website=Exlibris.org.ua |date= |accessdate=2010-03-17}} 30. ^Ukrainian College of Technology and Economics in Podebrady 31. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/B/A/BanderaStepan.htm |title=Bandera, Stepan |website=Encyclopediaofukraine.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-17}} 32. ^{{citation |title=The Lemberg Mosaic (by Jakob Weiss) |publisher=Alderbrook Press New York}} | date=2011-02-01 33. ^{{pl icon}} Janusz Marciszewski, Uwolnić Banderę {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703045814/http://wielkopolska.naszemiasto.pl/turystyka/specjalna_artykul/15004.html |date=3 July 2009 }}, NaszeMiasto.pl 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://kray.ridne.net/bandera|title="Мої життєписні дані" (автобіографія Степана Бандери) - Наші Герої - архів матеріалів і фотографій ОУН-УПА|website=Kray.ridne.net|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 35. ^T. Snyder, Causes of Ukrainian Polish ethnic cleansing, Past&Present, nr 179, p. 205 36. ^The Lemberg Mosaic, Jakob Weiss, Alderbrook Press NY (2011) 37. ^Anna Reid, Borderland: a journey through the history of Ukraine, Phoenix, 2002, p. 158 38. ^S. Karnautska, Portret bez retushi, L'vovs'kaya pravda, 8 May 1991, p. 2 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/612921/Ukraine/30082/World-War-II-and-its-aftermath#ref=ref404610 |title=Ukraine :: World War II and its aftermath – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |website=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-17}} 40. ^1 2 ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х ч Ін-т історії України НАН України К. 2006 {{ISBN|966-02-2535-0}} 41. ^{{cite web|author= By Sviatoslav LYPOVETSKY |url=http://www.day.kiev.ua/264657/ |title=Eight decades of struggle /ДЕНЬ/ |website=Day.kiev.ua |date= |accessdate=2010-03-17}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-06/tgmwc-06-56-12.html|title=Nuremberg - The Trial of German Major War Criminals (Volume VI)|website=Nizkor.org|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9WGAexVXyHwC&pg=PA322|title=Canaris: The Life and Death of Hitler's Spymaster|first=Michael|last=Mueller|date=18 August 2018|publisher=Naval Institute Press|accessdate=18 August 2018|via=Google Books}} 44. ^Організація українських націоналістів і Українська повстанська армія. Інститут історії НАН України.2004р Організація українських націоналістів і Українська повстанська армія, Раздел 1 {{cite web|url=http://www.history.org.ua/LiberUA/Book/Upa/1.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=1 September 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717124952/http://www.history.org.ua/LiberUA/Book/Upa/1.pdf |archivedate=17 July 2011 }} стр. 17–30 45. ^1 І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко, Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 (No ISBN) 46. ^p.15 ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х ч Ін-т історії України НАН України К. 2006 {{ISBN|966-02-2535-0}} – У владних структурах рейху знайшлися сили яки з прагматичних міркувань стали на захист бандерівців. Керівники гестапо сподівалися використовувати їх у власних цілях а керівники абверу а радянському тилу. 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.infoukes.com/history/ww2/page-08.html |title=Ukrainian History – World War II in Ukraine |publisher=InfoUkes |date= |accessdate=2010-03-17}} 48. ^Berkhoff, K.C. and M. Carynnyk 'The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and Its Attitude toward Germans and Jews: Iaroslav Stets'ko's 1941 Zhyttiepys' in: Harvard Ukrainian Studies, vol. 23 (1999), nr. 3/4, pp. 149—184 . 49. ^{{cite journal|title=Завдання підривної діяльності проти Червоної армії обговорювалося на нараді під Берліном у квітні того ж року (1944) між керівником таємних операцій вермахту О.Скорцені й лідерами українських націоналістів С.бандерою та Я.Стецьком" |author=D. Vyedeneyev O. Lysenko OUN and foreign intelligence services 1920s–1950s|journal=Ukrainian Historical Magazine|volume=3|date=2009|page=137|url=http://www.history.org.ua/JournALL/journal/2009/3/11.pdf|format=PDF}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.history.org.ua/?l=EHU&verbvar=Bandera_S&abcvar=2&bbcvar=1|title=Інститут історії України|website=History.org.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,892820,00.html|title=WEST GERMANY: The Partisan|date=2 November 1959|accessdate=18 August 2018|website=Time.com}} 52. ^Dorril, Stephen, MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service, Simon and Schuster, 2002, pp. 224, 233 53. ^Dorril, Stephen, MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service, Simon and Schuster, 2002, p. 236 54. ^[https://www.archives.gov/iwg/reports/hitlers-shadow.pdf Richard Breitman, Norman J.W. Goda, Hitler’s Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, U.S. Intelligence, and the Cold War] p. 80. 55. ^[https://www.archives.gov/iwg/reports/hitlers-shadow.pdf Richard Breitman, Norman J.W. Goda, Hitler’s Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, U.S. Intelligence, and the Cold War] p. 79. 56. ^Per Anders Rudling, Historical representation of the wartime accounts of the activities of the OUN-UPA (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists-Ukrainian Insurgent Army), [in:] East European Jewish Affairs, Vol. 36, No. 2, December 2006, p. 173. 57. ^1 2 3 4 5 Per Anders Rudling, The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths, The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies, No. 2107, November 2011, ISSN 0889-275X, p. 17. 58. ^[https://www.archives.gov/iwg/reports/hitlers-shadow.pdf Richard Breitman, Norman J.W. Goda, Hitler’s Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, U.S. Intelligence, and the Cold War] p. 83–84. 59. ^1 І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. – Університет імені Шевченко \\Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 (No ISBN p.111 60. ^1 І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. – Університет імені Шевченко \\Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 (No ISBN p.56 . 61. ^Grzegorz Motyka, Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła, Kraków 2011, {{ISBN|978-83-08-04576-3}}, s.447, Ewa Siemaszko estimates victims to be 133,000 in Stan badań nad ludobójstwem dokonanym na ludności polskiej przez Organizację Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów i Ukraińską Powstańczą Armię, Bogusław Paź (red.), Ludobójstwo na Kresach południowo-wschodniej Polski w latach 1939–1946, Wrocław 2011, {{ISBN|978-83-229-3185-1}}, s.341. 62. ^To Resolve the Ukrainian Question Once and For All: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in Poland, 1943–1947, Timothy Snyder, Working Paper, Yale University, 2001 63. ^Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła", 2011, pages 447–448 64. ^1 Bandera – romantyczny terrorysta "Bandera – Romantic Terrorist, interview with Jaroslaw Hrycak. Gazeta Wyborcza, 10 May 2008. 65. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bGPjqNGPc40C&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=Mykola+Lebed+Volhynia&source=web&ots=b08X3Jn4wK&sig=l1_47PsElsp4-xm1Iv6S2FkcfAU&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result|title=Heroes and Villains: Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine|first=David R.|last=Marples|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Central European University Press|accessdate=18 August 2018|via=Google Books}} 66. ^1 Ukrainian Collaboration in the Extermination of the Jews during the Second World War: Sorting Out the Long-Term and Conjunctural Factors {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106044835/http://www.zwoje-scrolls.com/zwoje16/text11.htm |date=6 January 2012 }} by John-Paul Himka, University of Alberta. Taken from The Fate of the European Jews, 1939–1945: Continuity or Contingency, ed. Jonathan Frankel (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), Studies in Contemporary Jewry 13 (1997): 170–89. 67. ^p.16 [https://archive.org/details/warCriminalityABlankSpotInTheCollectiveMemoryOfTheUkrainian "War Criminality: A Blank Spot in the Collective Memory of the Ukrainian Diaspora."] Spaces of Identity 5, no. 1 (April 2005) by John-Paul Himka, University of Alberta. 68. ^Philip Friedman. "Ukrainian-Jewish Relations during the Nazi Occupation," in Philip Friedman and Ada June Friedman (eds.), Roads to Extinction: Essays on the Holocaust (New York: Conference on Jewish Social Studies, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1980). pp.179–180 69. ^Меншинева політика.16. Національні меншини поділяються на:а) приязні нам, себто членів досі поневолених народів;б) ворожі нам, москалі, поляки, жиди.а) Мають однакові права з українцями, уможливлюємо їм поворот в їхню батьківщину.б) Винищування в боротьбі, зокрема тих, що боронитимуть режиму: переселювання в їх землі, винищувати головно інтелігенцію, якої не вільно допускати до ніяких урядів, і взагалі унеможливлюємо продуку-вання інтелігенції, себто доступ до шкіл і т.д. Наприклад, так званих польських селян треба асимілювати, усвідомлюючи з місця їм, тим більше в цей гарячий, повний фанатизму час, що вони українці, тількилатинського обряду, насильно асимільовані. Проводирів нищити. Жидів ізолювати, поусувати з урядів, щоб уникнути саботажу, тим більше москалів і поляків. Коли б була непоборна потреба оставити, приміром, вгосподарськім апараті жида, поставити йому нашого міліціянта над головою і ліквідувати за найменші провини. Керівники поодиноких галузей життя можуть бути лише українці, а не чужині – вороги. Асиміляція жидів виключається. p.103-104 ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х ч Ін-т історії України НАН України К. 2006 {{ISBN|966-02-2535-0}} 70. ^same text p.485-486 І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \\Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 71. ^Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, p.63 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325095016/http://history.org.ua/oun_upa/upa/2.pdf |date=25 March 2009 }} 72. ^Dr. Franziska Bruder "Radicalization of the Ukrainian Nationalist Policy in the context of the Holocaust" The International Institute for Holocaust Research No. 12 -June 2008 p.37 ISSN 1565-8643 73. ^"робимо міліцію що поможе жидів усувати www.history.org.ua/LiberUA/Book/Upa/2.pdf Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, p.63 74. ^І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. – Університет імені Шевченко \\Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 (No ISBN p 324 "Народе знай Москва Польша, мадяри жидова- це твої вороги. Нищ їх" 75. ^same text p.259 July p 576 December – ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х ч Ін-т історії України НАН України К. 2006 {{ISBN|966-02-2535-0}} 76. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=nd9WzIkTJrAC&pg=PA289 Harvest of despair: life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule] by Karel Cornelis Berkhoff (2004) 77. ^Philip Friedman, Ukrainian-Jewish Relations during the Nazi Occupation, 78. ^{{Cite journal| author=Friedman, P. | title=Ukrainian-Jewish Relations During the Nazi Occupation, YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science v. 12, pp. 259–96, 1958–59}} 79. ^Leo Heiman, "We Fought for Ukraine – The Story of Jews Within the UPA", Ukrainian Quarterly Spring 1964, pp.33–44. 80. ^Friedman Essays (1980). pg. 204. Among several Jews saved by UPA Friedman mentions a Jewish physician and his wife whom he knows in Israel who were saved by UPA, another Jewish physician and his brother who lived in Tel Aviv after the war 81. ^Friedman Essays (1980). pg. 188 82. ^Friedman Essays (1980). pg. 204 83. ^Mikhail Kizilov, The Karaites of Galicia: An Ethnoreligious Minority Among the Ashkenazim, the Turks, and the Slavs, 1772–1945, page 334 84. ^{{cite journal|first=Herbert|last=Romerstein|authorlink=Herbert Romerstein|url=https://www.iwp.edu/news_publications/detail/divide-and-conquer-the-kgb-disinformation-campaign-against-ukrainians-and-jews|title=Divide and Conquer: the KGB Disinformation Campaign Against Ukrainians and Jews|work=Ukrainian Quarterly|publisher=The Institute of World Politics|issue=Fall 2004|date=8 November 2004|accessdate=17 March 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518034634/http://www.iwp.edu/news_publications/detail/divide-and-conquer-the-kgb-disinformation-campaign-against-ukrainians-and-jews|archivedate=18 May 2011|df=dmy}} 85. ^Richard Breitman. U.S Intelligence and the Nazis. Cambridge University Press. 2005. pg. 250 86. ^The Partisan, Time (2 November 1959) 87. ^{{Cite web|url = http://ria.ru/world/20140817/1020356348.html|title = Неизвестные опрокинули крест на могиле Степана Бандеры в Мюнхене|date = 17 August 2014|accessdate = |website = |publisher = Ria Novosti}} 88. ^The Poison Pistol, TIME Magazine, 1 December 1961 89. ^p.190 The Frankfurt Auschwitz trial, 1963–1965: genocide, history, and the limits Devin Owen Pendas Cambridge University Press [https://books.google.com/books?id=BUKGSlqKUkMC&pg=PA190&lpg=PA190&dq=Franziska+Bruder:+%3E%3EDer+Gerechtigkeit+zu+dienen&source=bl&ots=IjzdAnwGyy&sig=HxfJIwGaFPlU3fFB9k8N-RSNNP8&hl=ru&ei=IydnS-bvD5CImAOpgJ0m&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Franziska%20Bruder%3A%20%3E%3EDer%20Gerechtigkeit%20zu%20dienen&f=false] 90. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gk-press.if.ua/node/512|title=Бандерштадт: місто Бандер - Галицький Кореспондент|date=22 January 2009|website=Gk-press.if.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 91. ^Stepan Bandera: Hero or Nazi sympathizer?, Kyiv Post (2 October 2008) 92. ^Myths from U.S.S.R. still have strong pull today, Kyiv Post (25 February 2009) 93. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=zojN8rfMzBoC&pg=PA229 US intelligence perceptions of Soviet power, 1921–1946] by Léonard Leshuk, Routledge, 2002, {{ISBN|0714653063}}/{{ISBN|978-0714653068}} (page 229) 94. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=bGPjqNGPc40C&pg=PA158 Heroes and villains: creating national history in contemporary Ukraine] by David R. Marples, Central European University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|9637326987}}/{{ISBN|978-9637326981}} (page 234) 95. ^Mosnews.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060205191647/http://www.mosnews.com/interview/2005/12/06/kgbchief.shtml |date=5 February 2006 }} 96. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.khpg.org/en/index.php?id=1161553853 |title=Information website of the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group |website=Khpg.org |date= |accessdate=2010-03-17}} 97. ^Events by themes: Monument to Stepan Bandera in Lvov, UNIAN photo service (13 October 2007) 98. ^{{cite web|author1=Design by Maxim Tkachuk |author2=web-architecture by Volkova Dasha |author3=templated by Alexey Kovtanets |author4=programming by Irina Batvina |author5=Maxim Bielushkin |author6=Sergey Bogatyrchuk |author7=Vitaliy Galkin |author8=Victor Lushkin |author9=Dmitry Medun |author10=Igor Sitnikov |author11=Vladimir Tarasov |author12=Alexander Filippov |author13=Sergei Koshelev |author14=Yaroslav Ostapiuk |url=http://www.korrespondent.net/main/212672/ |title=Корреспондент " Украина " События " Львов основал журналистскую премию имени Бандеры |publisher=Korrespondent.net |date= |accessdate=2010-03-17}} 99. ^{{cite web|url=http://www8.city-adm.lviv.ua/Pool%5CInfo%5Cdoclmr_1.NSF/(SearchForWeb)/C80E4FAD6E57B422C22573760056D927?OpenDocument |title=Розпорядження №495 |website=City-adm.lviv.ua |date= |accessdate=2010-03-17}} 100. ^Events by themes: Celebration of 100 birth anniversary of Stepan Bandera in Zaporozhye (Zaporozhye), UNIAN photo service (1 January 2009) 101. ^Events by themes: Mass meeting, devoted to 100 birth anniversary of Stepan Bandera, in Stariy Ugriniv village, UNIAN photo service (1 January 2009) 102. ^Events by themes: Monument to Stepan Banderq and memorial complex the heroes of UPA were opened in Ivano-Frankivsk (Ivano-Frankivsk), UNIAN photo service (1 January 2009) 103. ^Events by themes: Kharkiv nationalists were disallowed to arrange a torchlight procession in honor of Bandera's birthday (Kharkiv), UNIAN photo service (1 January 2009) 104. ^Events by themes: Action "Stepan Bandera is a national hero" (Kiev), UNIAN photo service (1 January 2009) 105. ^2009 Philatelic Issues – Stefan Bandera (1909–1959) The Ukrainian Electronic Stamp Album 106. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.appeal-democrat.com/news/regional_news/europe/nationalists-march-in-ukraine-s-kiev/article_c2c05de8-c3ab-5fdd-a475-d01beb7f5448.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-01-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140102201229/http://www.appeal-democrat.com/news/regional_news/europe/nationalists-march-in-ukraine-s-kiev/article_c2c05de8-c3ab-5fdd-a475-d01beb7f5448.html |archivedate=2 January 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 107. ^Torchlight procession to honor Bandera taking place in Kyiv, Interfax-Ukraine (1 January 2014) 108. ^Lviv hosts rally to mark 105th anniversary of Ukrainian nationalist leader Bandera, Interfax-Ukraine (1 January 2014) 109. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/mp-euromaidan-exposed-to-neo-nazi-trends-334612.html|title=MP: Euromaidan exposed to neo-Nazi trends - Jan. 03, 2014|date=3 January 2014|website=Kyivpost.com|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 110. ^In Western Ukraine, Even Ethnic Russians Vote for Pro-Ukrainian Parties {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913150701/http://www.eurasiareview.com/201009128124/in-western-ukraine-even-ethnic-russians-vote-for-pro-ukrainian-parties.html |date=13 September 2010 }} by Paul Goble, Eurasia Review. 12 September 2010 111. ^Yaroslav Hrytsak. (2005). Historical Memory and Regional Identity. In Galicia: A Multicultured Land. Christopher Hann and Paul Robert Magocsi (Eds.) Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 185–209 112. ^Ivan Katchanovski. (2009). Terrorists or National Heroes? Politics of the OUN and the UPA in Ukraine Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association, Montreal, 1–3 June 2010 113. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2010/feb/24/a-fascist-hero-in-democratic-kiev/|title=A Fascist Hero in Democratic Kiev|first=Timothy|last=Snyder|website=Nybooks.com|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 114. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/05/20/312719066/hero-or-villain-historical-ukrainian-figure-symbolizes-todays-feud|title=Hero Or Villain? Historical Ukrainian Figure Symbolizes Today's Feud|website=Npr.org|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 115. ^1 2 3 4 5 Russia's Ukrainian minority under pressure, Al Jazeera English (25 April 2014) [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/a-ghost-of-world-war-ii-history-haunts-ukraines-standoff-with-russia/2014/03/25/18d4b1e0-a503-4f73-aaa7-5dd5d6a1c665_story.html A ghost of World War II history haunts Ukraine’s standoff with Russia], Washington Post (25 March 2014) 116. ^[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26415508 Ukraine crisis: Does Russia have a case?], BBC News (5 March 2014) 117. ^1 Stepan Bandera becomes Ukrainian hero, Kyiv Post (22 January 2010) 118. ^President Viktor Yushchenko awarded title Hero of Ukraine to OUN Head Stepan Bandera {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206131125/http://nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=109625 |date=6 December 2010 }}, Radio Ukraine (22 January 2010) 119. ^Events by themes: {{sic|9|1th|nolink=y}} anniversary of Collegiality of Ukraine, UNIAN (22 January 2010) 120. ^Ukraine. Rehabilitation and new heroes, EuropaRussia, (29 January 2010) 121. ^WIESENTHAL CENTER BLASTS UKRAINIAN HONOR FOR NAZI COLLABORATOR, Simon Wiesenthal Center (28 January 2010) 122. ^{{fr icon}} L'UEJF choquée par Ioutchenko, pour qui Bandera est un héros de l'Ukraine{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, UEJF, 1 February 2010 123. ^Majot Vikhr by Vlad Bereznoi for Segodnya. 22 January 2010 {{ru icon}} 124. ^Czech political prisoners approve the adaptation of the Bandera's Hero award {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727024045/http://www.ukrpohliad.org/news.php/news/2042 |date=27 July 2011 }} {{uk icon}} 125. ^European parliament hopes new Ukraine's leadership will reconsider decision to award Bandera title of hero, Kyiv Post (25 February 2010) 126. ^Kommersant (14 May 2010) {{ru icon}} 127. ^Analysis: Ukraine leader struggles to handle Bandera legacy, Kyiv Post (13 April 2010) 128. ^Ukrainians in New York take to streets to protest Russian fleet, Kyiv Post (6 May 2010) 129. ^Ukrainsky pohliad {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727024057/http://www.ukrpohliad.org/news.php/news/2331 |date=27 July 2011 }} (Ukrainian view) 9 February 2010 {{uk icon}} 130. ^Ivano-Frankivsk regional council calls on European Parliament to review resolution on Bandera, Kyiv Post (3 March 2010) 131. ^Gender bias, anti-Semitism contributed to Yanukovych's victory, Kyiv Post (18 March 2010) 132. ^Yanukovych to strip nationalists of hero status, Kyiv Post (5 March 2010) 133. ^Party of Regions proposes legal move to strip Bandera of Hero of Ukraine title, Kyiv Post (17 February 2010) 134. ^Donetsk court deprives Shukhevych of Ukrainian hero title, Kyiv Post (21 April 2010) 135. ^High Administrative Court dismisses appeals against illegal award of Hero of Ukraine title to Soviet soldiers, Kyiv Post (13 August 2010) 136. ^Ukraine court strips Bandera of Hero of Ukraine title, Top RBC (2 April 2010) 137. ^Ukraine court strips Bandera of Hero of Ukraine title because he wasn't citizen of Ukraine, Gzt.ru (3 April 2010) 138. ^Constitutional Court refuses to consider case on Bandera's title of Hero of Ukraine, Kyiv Post (12 April 2010) 139. ^Пресс-служба Януковича: Указ о присвоении Бандере звания Героя Украины отменен, Korrespondent.net. Retrieved 12 January 2011. 140. ^Court: Ruling on Bandera legal, Kyiv Post (12 January 2011) 141. ^Update:Stepan Bandera is no longer a Hero of Ukraine, Kyiv Post (12 January 2011) 142. ^Yushchenko: No Bandera – no statehood, Kyiv Post (12 January 2011) 143. ^{{cite web|url=http://ounuis.info/museum.html|title=Музей Визвольної боротьби ім. Степана Бандери в Лондоні|website=Ounuis.info|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 144. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.karpaty.info/en/uk/lv/st/stryj/museums/banderiv/|title=Banderas' Family Museum — Stryj|first=|last=karpaty.info|website=Karpaty.info|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 145. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stryi.com.ua/news/1218-vidkryto-muzei-bandery|title=Відкрито музей родини Бандерів (оновлено фото)|website=Stryi.com.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811101802/http://www.stryi.com.ua/news/1218-vidkryto-muzei-bandery|archive-date=11 August 2018|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 146. ^{{cite web|url=http://photo.ukrinform.ua/ukr/current/photo.php?id=12890|title=ВІДКРИТО ПАМ'ЯТНИК СТЕПАНУ БАНДЕРІ|website=Photo.ukrinform.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 147. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ternopil.svoboda.org.ua/dopysy/zmi/000840/|title=У Заліщиках відкрито пам'ятник Степану Бандері|website=Ternopil.svoboda.org.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BSwHWnhO?url=http://www.ternopil.svoboda.org.ua/dopysy/zmi/000840/|archive-date=16 October 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 148. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.newsru.com/world/27aug2007/stepan.html|script-title=ru:На Украине торжественно открыли очередной памятник Бандере|trans-title=In Ukraine, another monument to Bandera was opened ceremonially|language=ru|date=27 August 2007|website=Newsru.com|accessdate=2 October 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113191415/http://newsru.com/world/27aug2007/stepan.html|archivedate=13 November 2007|df=dmy}} 149. ^{{cite web|url=http://tsm.if.gov.ua/news.php?id=90|script-title=uk:Відкрито пам'ятник Степанові Бандері|trans-title=A monument to Stepan Bandera opened|language=uk|date=9 October 2007|work=Tysmenytsia Raion Official Website|accessdate=2 October 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BSrOLbOW?url=http://tsm.if.gov.ua/news.php?id=90|archivedate=16 October 2012|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}} 150. ^{{cite web|url=http://vn.20minut.ua/news/73913|title=Бучач уже з Бандерою - 20 хвилин|website=Vn.20minut.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 151. ^В Івано-Франківській області відкрили пам'ятник Степану Бандері на www.newzz.in.ua 152. ^{{cite web|url=http://gazeta.ua/articles/people-and-things-journal/_p-yat-pam-yatnikiv-stepanovi-banderi-scho-najbilshe-nagaduyut-skulpturi-lenina/318953|title=П"ять пам"ятників Степанові Бандері, що найбільше нагадують скульптури Леніна|first=|last=Gazeta.ua|date=8 December 2009|website=Gazeta.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 153. ^У Старому Самборі відкрили пам’ятник Бандері: Кміть і Сеник не приїхали // інф. за 1 грудня 2008 року на www.daily.lviv.ua («Щоденний Львів», львівський інформаційний портал) 154. ^{{Cite web |url=http://vidgolos.com/623-v-ivano-frankivsku-v-urochistijj-obstanovci.html |title=В Івано-Франківську в урочистій обстановці відкрили памятник провідникові ОУН Степану Бандері на www.vidgolos.com |access-date=17 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128022426/http://vidgolos.com/623-v-ivano-frankivsku-v-urochistijj-obstanovci.html |archive-date=28 January 2016 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 155. ^{{cite web|url=http://te.20minut.ua/news/156342|title=У Струсові на Тернопіллі теж встановили пам'ятник Бандері - 20 хвилин|website=Te.20minut.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 156. ^{{cite web|first=Volodymyr|last=Kliuchak|url=http://protruskavets.org.ua/2010/10/20/u-truskavtsi-postavyly-pamyatnyk-banderi/|script-title=uk:У Трускавці поставили пам'ятник Бандері|trans-title=|language=uk|website=Protruskavets.org.ua|date=20 October 2010|accessdate=12 October 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BSwE7IB2?url=http://protruskavets.org.ua/2010/10/20/u-truskavtsi-postavyly-pamyatnyk-banderi/|archivedate=16 October 2012|df=dmy}} 157. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.facenews.ua/news/2012/88899/|title=Андрій Лопушанський відкрив пам’ятник Степану Бандері у Турці - FaceNews.ua: новости Украины|website=Facenews.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 158. ^{{cite web|url=http://turka-ua.net/news/2012-10-19-862|title=У м. Турка урочисто відкрито пам’ятник Степану Бандері|website=Турка-перлина Карпат|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 159. ^{{cite web|url=http://newlife.rv.ua/index.php/holovna/9-cat-all/3297-u-zdolbunovi-vidkryto-pam-iatnyk-stepanovi-banderi|title=У Здолбунові відкрито пам’ятник Степанові Бандері|website=Newlife.rv.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 160. ^{{cite web|url=http://lypa.com.ua/2012/10/23/u-chortkovi-vidkryly-pamyatnyk-stepanu-banderi/|title=У Чорткові відкрили пам’ятник Степану Бандері - Тернопільська Липа|website=Lypa.com.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 161. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZXnE_jwfaU|title=У Чорткові відкрили пам'ятник Степану Бандері|first=|last=TV-4|date=22 October 2012|accessdate=18 August 2018|publisher=YouTube}} 162. ^{{cite web|url=http://vikna.if.ua/news/category/if/2015/12/05/45383/view|title=ВІКНА. У Снятині відкрили пам’ятник Степану Бандері. ФОТО|website=Vikna.if.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 163. ^{{cite web |url=http://rus.newsru.ua/ukraine/15mar2010/hust.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-05-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529231229/http://rus.newsru.ua/ukraine/15mar2010/hust.html |archivedate=29 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }} 164. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/62526/|title=Nadvirna city council awards honorary citizen titles to Bandera, Shukhevych, Lenkavsky - Mar. 25, 2010|date=25 March 2010|website=Kyivpost.com|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 165. ^{{cite web |url=http://novynar.com.ua/politics/113912 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-05-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516052519/http://novynar.com.ua/politics/113912 |archivedate=16 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }} 166. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/2034277.html|title=Івано-Франківськ присвоїв звання почесного громадянина Бандері й Шухевичу|website=Радіо Свобода|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 167. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.zaxid.net/newsua/2010/5/7/142456/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-05-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514034415/http://www.zaxid.net/newsua/2010/5/7/142456/ |archivedate=14 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }} 168. ^{{cite web|url=http://ww2.gov.if.ua/kolomiyskiy/ua/catalog/item/755.htm?1541959486=a90ec1c55a8370f36f426fccb039b2ef|title=Про присвоєння звання Почесний громадянин міста Коломиї|website=2.gov.if.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BSwfm5kL?url=http://ww2.gov.if.ua/kolomiyskiy/ua/catalog/item/755.htm?1541959486=a90ec1c55a8370f36f426fccb039b2ef|archive-date=16 October 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 169. ^Бандера став почесним громадянином міста Долина на Прикарпатті {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130703120141/http://www.zaxid.net/newsua/2010/8/23/184636/ |date=3 July 2013 }} 170. ^Почесні громадяни міста {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129022646/http://kuznetsovsk-rada.gov.ua/vizitka.aspx?id=people |date=29 January 2016 }} // Сайт Кузнецовської міської ради 171. ^{{cite web|url=http://tsn.ua/ukrayina/bandera-stav-pochesnim-gromadyaninom-lucka.html|title=Бандера став почесним громадянином Луцька|date=17 December 2010|website=Tsn.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 172. ^Бандера став почесним громадянином Червонограда {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120715225947/http://portal.lviv.ua/news/2010/12/27/150834.html |date=15 July 2012 }} 173. ^Бандера і Шухевич стали почесними громадянами Теребовлі {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130703115504/http://www.zaxid.net/newsua/2011/1/13/141530/ |date=3 July 2013 }} 174. ^На Львівщині Степан Бандера став почесним громадянином Трускавця {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130703123415/http://www.zaxid.net/newsua/2011/1/19/141256/ |date=3 July 2013 }} 175. ^Бандера став почесним громадянином Трускавця і Радехова {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120713111031/http://portal.lviv.ua/news/2011/01/21/091231.html |date=13 July 2012 }} 176. ^{{cite web|url=http://zik.com.ua/ua/news/2011/01/20/267657|title=Бандера – почесний громадянин Сокаля|website=Zik.com.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 177. ^Борислав і Стебник: Бандера — Герой України {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BSwsJ7zj?url=http://www.lviv.svoboda.org.ua/diyalnist/novyny/018917/ |date=16 October 2012 }} 178. ^На Львівщині Бандеру визнано почесним громадянином Жовкви {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111081342/http://zaxid.net/newsua/2011/1/25/212541/ |date=11 November 2013 }} 179. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.skole-rada.com.ua/rishennya.php?id=23|title=Рішення сесій|website=Skole-rada.com.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 180. ^Офіційний сайт Бережанської міської ради {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BSwuEaWg?url=http://www.misto.ber.te.ua/index.php/pochesni-gromadyani-mberezhani |date=16 October 2012 }} 181. ^{{cite web|url=http://uk-ua.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=190420247657849|title=Степан Бандера – почесний громадянин Самбора|website=Uk-ua.facebook.com|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 182. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boryslavmvk.gov.ua/index.php?a=_home&b=news&id=86|title=Борислав. Офіційний сайт міської ради. — Головна|website=Boryslavmvk.gov.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 183. ^{{cite web|url=http://zik.com.ua/ua/news/2011/03/09/275978|title=Степан Бандера став Почесним громадянином Бродів|website=Zik.com.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 184. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stryi-rada.gov.ua/rish-rada.php?rnum=rr&numm=398|title=Рішення Стрийської міської ради|first=Стрийська міська|last=рада|website=Stryi-rada.gov.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 185. ^{{cite web|url=http://zaxid.net/home/showSingleNews.do?bandera_stav_pershim_pochesnim_gromadyaninom_morshina&objectId=1128768|title=Бандера став першим Почесним громадянином Моршина|first=|last=Zaxid.net|website=Zaxid.net|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 186. ^{{cite web|url=http://4ervonograd.at.ua/blog/2009-06-14-9|title=КАРТА М.ЧЕРВОНОГРАДА (ВУЛИЦІ) - 14 Червня 2009 - БЛОГ ЧЕРВОНОГРАДА l ГУМОР l ВІДЕО l - ЧЕРВОНОГРАД|website=4ervonograd.at.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 187. ^{{cite web|url=http://kiyany.obozrevatel.com/news/2010/3/12/60492.htm|title=Воздухофлотский проспект могут переименовать в честь Бандеры|website=Kiyany.obozrevatel.com|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 188. ^{{uk icon}} Dekomunizuvaly monuments to Lenin in 1320, Bandera set 4, Ukrayinska Pravda (16 January 2017) {{uk icon}} WITH 50 THOUSAND RENAMED OBJECTS PLACE NAMES, ONLY 34 ARE NAMED AFTER BANDERA, Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance (16 January 2017) 189. ^{{cite web|url=http://kmr.gov.ua/uk/content/moskovskyy-prospekt-nosytyme-imya-stepana-bandery|title=Московський проспект носитиме ім'я Степана Бандери - КИЇВСЬКА МІСЬКА РАДА|website=Kmr.gov.ua|accessdate=18 August 2018}} 190. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unian.info/kiev/1405475-kyivs-moskovskiy-avenue-renamed-after-stepan-bandera.html|title=Kyiv's Moskovskiy Avenue renamed after Stepan Bandera|website=Unian.info|accessdate=18 August 2018}} External links{{Commons category|Stepan Bandera}}
27 : 1909 births|1959 deaths|Assassinated Ukrainian politicians|Burials at Munich Waldfriedhof|Burials at Lychakiv Cemetery|Deaths by poisoning|Extrajudicial killings|Members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists politicians|People from Kalush Raion|People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|People killed in KGB operations|People murdered in Germany|Recipients who were revoked of the title of Hero of Ukraine|Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors|Scouting and Guiding in Ukraine|Ukrainian Insurgent Army|Ukrainian nationalists|Ukrainian people murdered abroad|Ukrainian people of World War II|Ukrainian politicians before 1991|Ukrainian refugees|Ukrainian anti-communists|Ukrainian collaborators with Nazi Germany|Genocide perpetrators|Terrorism|Independence activists |
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