| 词条 | Avobenzone |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 414398333 | ImageFile = Avobenzone.svg | ImageSize = 250 | ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of avobenzone | ImageFile1 = Avobenzone-3D-spacefill.png | ImageSize1 = 230 | ImageAlt1 = Space-filling model of the avobenzone molecule | IUPACName = 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propane-1,3-dione | OtherNames = butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane; 4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | Abbreviations = | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = G63QQF2NOX | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1200522 | InChIKey = XNEFYCZVKIDDMS-UHFFFAOYAG | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C20H22O3/c1-20(2,3)16-9-5-14(6-10-16)18(21)13-19(22)15-7-11-17(23-4)12-8-15/h5-12H,13H2,1-4H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = XNEFYCZVKIDDMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo = 70356-09-1 | EINECS = 274-581-6 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 46261 | PubChem = 51040 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D03015 | SMILES = O=C(c1ccc(cc1)C(C)(C)C)CC(=O)c2ccc(OC)cc2 | InChI = 1/C20H22O3/c1-20(2,3)16-9-5-14(6-10-16)18(21)13-19(22)15-7-11-17(23-4)12-8-15/h5-12H,13H2,1-4H3 | RTECS = | MeSHName = | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=20 | H=22 | O=3 | MolarMass = 310.39 g/mol | Appearance = colorless crystal | Density = | MeltingPt = | MeltingPt_notes = | BoilingPt = | BoilingPt_notes = | Solubility = | SolubleOther = | Solvent = | pKa = | pKb = }} |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | ExternalSDS = | EUClass = | MainHazards = | NFPA-H = | NFPA-F = | NFPA-R = | NFPA-S = | RPhrases = | SPhrases = | RSPhrases = | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = | ExploLimits = | PEL = }} Avobenzone (trade names Parsol 1789, Milestab 1789, Eusolex 9020, Escalol 517, Neo Heliopan 357 and others, INCI Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane) is an oil-soluble ingredient used in sunscreen products to absorb the full spectrum of UVA rays. HistoryAvobenzone was patented in 1973 and was approved in the EU in 1978. It was approved by the FDA in 1988. Its use is approved worldwide. PropertiesPure avobenzone is a whitish to yellowish crystalline powder with a weak odor,[1] dissolving in isopropanol, decyl oleate, capric acid/caprylic acid triglycerides and other oils. Avobenzone is a dibenzoylmethane derivative. Avobenzone exists in the ground state as a mixture of the enol and keto forms, favoring the chelated enol.[2] This enol form is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen-bonding within the β-diketone.[3] Its ability to absorb ultraviolet light over a wider range of wavelengths than many other sunscreen agents has led to its use in many commercial preparations marketed as "broad spectrum" sunscreens. Avobenzone has an absorption maximum of 357 nm.[4] It is subject to keto-enol tautomerism and exists predominantly enol:[5] StabilityAvobenzone is sensitive to the properties of the solvent, being relatively stable in polar protic solvents and unstable in nonpolar environments. Also, when it is irradiated with UVA light, it generates a triplet excited state in the keto form which can either cause the avobenzone to degrade or it can transfer energy to biological targets and cause deleterious effects.[2] Avobenzone has been shown to degrade significantly in light, resulting in less protection over time.[6][7][8] The UV-A light in a day of sunlight in a temperate climate is sufficient to break down most of the compound. Data presented to the Food and Drug Administration by the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association indicates a -36% change in avobenzone's UV absorbance following one hour of exposure to sunlight.[9] This degradation can be reduced by using a photostabilizer, like octocrylene. Other photostabilizers include:
Complexing avobenzone with cyclodextrins may also increase its photostability.[17] Formulations of avobenzone with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin have shown significant reduction in photo-induced degradation, as well as increased transdermal penetration of the UV absorber.[18] According to some studies, "the most effective sunscreens contain avobenzone and titanium dioxide."[19][20] Avobenzone can degrade faster in light in combination with mineral UV absorbers like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, though with the right coating of the mineral particles this reaction can be reduced.[21] A manganese doped titanium dioxide may be better than undoped titanium dioxide to improve avobenzone's stability.[22] VariousAs an enolate, avobenzone forms with heavy metal ions (such as Fe3+) colored complexes, and chelating agents can be added to suppress them. Stearates, aluminum, magnesium and zinc salts can lead to poorly soluble precipitates.[1] Manufacturers also recommend to avoid the inclusion of iron and ferric salts, heavy metals, formaldehyde donors and PABA and PABA esters. The makers of Coppertone advise that avobenzone binds iron and can cause staining of clothes washed in iron-rich water. The staining properties of sunblock made with avobenzone are particularly noticeable on fiberglass boats with white gelcoat. Avobenzone also reacts with boron trifluoride to form a stable crystalline complex that is highly fluorescent under UV irradiation. The emission color of the crystals depends on the molecular packing of the boron avobenzone complex. The photoluminescence may also be altered by mechanical force in the solid state, resulting in a phenomenon called "mechanochromic luminescence". The altered emission color recovers itself slowly at room temperature or more swiftly at higher temperatures.[23] PreparationThe compound is prepared by reacting 4-tert-butylbenzoic methyl ester (from 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid by esterification with methanol) with 4-methoxyacetophenone in toluene in the presence of sodium amide via Claisen condensation.[24] According to a recent patent application,[25] yields of up to 95% are obtained with the same starting materials in toluene in the presence of potassium methoxide. SafetyAlthough avobenzone is considered safe, disintegration products may have significant health impacts and persist in the environment. A recent study at Lomonosov Moscow State University found that chlorinated water and ultraviolet light can cause avobenzone to disintegrate into various other organic compounds, including; aromatic acids, aldehydes, phenols, and acetophenones which may have adverse health effects.[26][27][28] See also
Notes1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Making Cosmetics®, Avobenzone|trans-title=|periodical=Makingcosmetics.com|publisher=|url=http://www.makingcosmetics.com/Avobenzone_p_258.html|deadurl=|format=|accessdate=2015-07-29|last=|date=|year=|month=|day=|pages=|quote=}} {{Sunscreening agents}}2. ^1 {{cite journal| title = A Blocked Diketo Form of Avobenzone: Photostability, Photosensitizing Properties and Triplet Quenching by a Triazine-derived UVB-filter| date = January–February 2009| vauthors = Paris C, Lhiaubet-Vallet V, Jimenez O, Trullas C, Miranda M| journal = Photochemistry and Photobiology| volume=85 | pages=178–184| pmid = 18673327| issue = 1| doi = 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00414.x}} 3. ^{{cite journal| title = Influence Of Substituent On UV Absorption And Keto–Enol Tautomerism Equilibrium Of Dibenzoylmethane Derivatives| date = October 2012 | pmid=22925908| vauthors = Zawadiak J, Mrzyczek M| journal = Spectrochim Acta a Mol Biomol Spectrosc.| volume=96 | pages=815–819| doi=10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.109| bibcode=2012AcSpA..96..815Z}} 4. ^{{cite journal| title = Sunscreens with an absorption maximum of > or =360 nm provide optimal protection against UVA1-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 in human dermal fibroblasts| date = March 2006| pmid=16520862| vauthors = Vielhaber G, Grether-Beck S, Koch O, Johncock W, Krutmann J| journal = Photochem Photobiol Sci| volume=5 | pages=275–282| doi = 10.1039/b516702g| issue = 3}} 5. ^{{citation|surname1=G. J. Mturi, B. S. Martincigh|periodical=J. Photochem. Photobiol.: Chemistry|title=Photostability of the sunscreening agent 4-tert-butyl-4-methoxydibenzoylmethane (avobenzone) in solvents of different polarity and proticity|volume=200|issue=2–3|pages=410–420|date= 2008|doi=10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.09.007}} 6. ^{{cite journal| title = Photostabilization of Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a new UV broadband filter| date = September 2001| pmid=11594052| vauthors = Chatelain E, Gabard B| journal = Photochem Photobiol| volume=74 | pages=401–406| doi = 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0401:POBMAA>2.0.CO;2| issue = 3}} 7. ^ {{cite journal| title = Changes in ultraviolet absorption of sunscreens after ultraviolet irradiation| date = October 1999| url=http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v113/n4/full/5603262a.html| pmid=10504439| vauthors = Tarras-Wahlberg N, Stenhagen G, Larko O, Rosen A, Wennberg AM, Wennerstrom O| journal = Journal of Investigative Dermatology| volume=113 | pages=547–553| doi = 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00721.x| issue = 4}} 8. ^{{cite journal| title = A new long-chain UV absorber derived from 4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane: absorbance stability under solar irradiation| date = Mar–Apr 2005| pmid=15870853| vauthors = Wetz F, Routaboul C, Denis A, Rico-Lattes I| journal = Journal of Cosmetic Science| volume=56 | pages=135–148| issue = 2| doi=10.1562/2004-03-09-ra-106}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/00/Sep00/090600/c000573_10_Attachment_F.pdf|title=CTFA letter re: Tentative Final Monograph for OTC Sunscreen|publisher=Food and Drug Administration}} 10. ^http://www.hallstar.com/pis.php?product=1A054 11. ^ RK Chaudhuri, MA Ollengo, P Singh and BS Martincigh, 3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzylidene)-2,4-pentanedione: Design of a Novel Photostabilizer with In-vivo SPF Boosting Properties and Its Use in Developing Broad-spectrum Sunscreen Formulations, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(1):25-35, 2017; First published 29 June 2016 | doi: 10.1111/ics.12344 12. ^{{cite journal| title=A new photostabilizer for full spectrum sunscreens| year=2000| author=Bonda C.| author2=Steinberg D. C.| journal= Cosmetics & Toiletries | volume=115 | issue = 6 | pages=37–45}} 13. ^http://www.dsm.com/en_US/downloads/dnp/Parsol_SLX_Skin.pdf 14. ^{{cite journal| title = Design of a photostabilizer having built-in antioxidant functionality and its utility in obtaining broad-spectrum sunscreen formulations| date = May–Jun 2006| pmid=16492073| vauthors = Chaudhuri RK, Lascu Z, Puccetti G, Deshpande AA, Paknikar SK| journal = Photochem Photobiol| volume=82 | pages=823–828| doi = 10.1562/2005-07-15-RA-612| issue = 3}} 15. ^http://www.hallstar.com/techdocs/Polycrylene&CorapanTQAvobenzoneStabilization.pdf 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hallstar.com/pis.php?product=1H044|title=Product Information Sheet: SolaStay S1|publisher=The HallStar Company|accessdate=16 February 2010}} 17. ^{{cite journal| title = Influence of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on photo-induced free radical production by the sunscreen agent, butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane| date = November 2002| pmid=12495559| vauthors = Scalia S, Simeoni S, Barbieri A, Sostero S| journal = Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology| volume=54 | pages=1553–1558| doi = 10.1211/002235702207| issue = 11}} 18. ^{{cite journal| title = Influence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on transdermal penetration and photostability of avobenzone| date = June 2008| pmid=18226883| vauthors = Yang J, Wiley C, Godwin D, Felton L| journal = European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics | volume=69 | pages=605–612| doi = 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.12.015| issue = 2}} 19. ^{{cite journal| author = Warwick L. Morison, M.D.| title = Photosensitivity| journal = The New England Journal of Medicine| date = March 11, 2004| volume = 350| pages = 1111–1117| doi = 10.1056/NEJMcp022558| pmid = 15014184| issue = 11}} 20. ^{{cite web |title=Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-the-Counter use; Marketing Status of Products Containing Avobenzone; Enforcement Policy |publisher=US Food and Drug Administration |date=1997-04-30 |url=http://www.fda.gov/cder/otcmonographs/Sunscreen/sunscreen_avobenzone_enforc_policy_19970420.pdf |page=23354 |accessdate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226040442/http://www.fda.gov/cder/otcmonographs/Sunscreen/sunscreen_avobenzone_enforc_policy_19970420.pdf |archivedate=2007-02-26 |deadurl=no |df= }} 21. ^Stability Study of Avobenzone with Inorganic Sunscreens, Kobo Products Poster, 2001, Online version {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070507210110/http://www.koboproductsinc.com/Downloads/NYSCC-Avobenzone.pdf |date=May 7, 2007 }} 22. ^{{cite journal| title=The effects of manganese doping on UVA absorption and free radical generation of micronised titanium dioxide and its consequences for the photostability of UVA absorbing organic sunscreen components|date=July 2004| pmid=15238999| vauthors=Wakefield G, Lipscomb S, Holland E, Knowland J| journal=Photochem Photobiol Sci| volume=3 | pages=648–652| doi=10.1039/b403697b| issue=7}} 23. ^{{cite journal|title=Polymorphism and Reversible Mechanochromic Luminescence for Solid-State Difluoroboron Avobenzone|date=February 2010| author = Zhang G|author2 = Lu J|author3 = Sabat M|author4 = Fraser, CL|journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society| volume=132 | pages=2160–2162|doi=10.1021/ja9097719|pmid=20108897|issue=7}} 24. ^{{Patent|Land = US|V-Nr =4387089 |Code= |Titel= 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane |V-Datum =1983-6-7 |A-Datum =1981-5-18 |Erfinder=K.-F. De Polo |Anmelder=Givaudan Corp.}} 25. ^{{Patent|Land = WO|V-Nr =2012084770 |Code=A1 |Titel=Process for the manufacture of dibenzoylmethane derivatives |V-Datum =2012-6-28 |A-Datum =2011-12-19 |Erfinder=C. Wehrli |Anmelder=DSM IP Assets B.V.}} 26. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-06/lmsu-scb062717.php|title=Sunscreen creams break down into dangerous chemical compounds under the sunlight|website=EurekAlert!|language=en|access-date=2017-06-30}} 27. ^{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Cheng|last2=Bavcon Kralj|first2=Mojca|last3=Košmrlj|first3=Berta|last4=Yao|first4=Jun|last5=Košenina|first5=Suzana|last6=Polyakova|first6=Olga V.|last7=Artaev|first7=Viatcheslav B.|last8=Lebedev|first8=Albert T.|last9=Trebše|first9=Polonca|date=September 2017|title=Stability and removal of selected avobenzone's chlorination products|journal=Chemosphere|volume=182|pages=238–244|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.125|pmid=28500968|bibcode=2017Chmsp.182..238W}} 28. ^{{Cite journal|last=Trebše|first=Polonca|last2=Polyakova|first2=Olga V.|last3=Baranova|first3=Maria|last4=Kralj|first4=Mojca Bavcon|last5=Dolenc|first5=Darko|last6=Sarakha|first6=Mohamed|last7=Kutin|first7=Alexander|last8=Lebedev|first8=Albert T.|date=2016-09-15|title=Transformation of avobenzone in conditions of aquatic chlorination and UV-irradiation|journal=Water Research|volume=101|pages=95–102|doi=10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.067|pmid=27258620}} 4 : Aromatic ketones|Phenol ethers|Sunscreening agents|Tert-butyl compounds |
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