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词条 Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal
释义

  1. Origins

  2. Institution

  3. Award criteria

  4. Order of wear

     South Africa 

  5. Description

  6. Discontinuation

  7. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}{{infobox military award
| name = Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal
| image =
| caption = King Edward VII version with original all-green ribbon
| awarded_by = the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India
| country = United Kingdom
| type = Military long service medal
| eligibility = Part-time ratings of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve
| for = Twelve years service
| campaign =
| status = Still current in New Zealand
| description =
| motto =
| clasps = Twelve years additional service
| post-nominals =
| established = 1908
| first_award =
| last_award =
| total =
| posthumous =
| recipients =
| precedence_label = Order of wear
| individual =
| higher = Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal
| same =
| lower = Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal
| related =
| image2 =
| caption2 = Original and post-1919 ribbon bars
}}

The Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, initially designated the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service Medal, was instituted in 1908. It could be awarded to part-time ratings in the United Kingdom's Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve after twelve years of service and good conduct. The medal was a Naval version of the Volunteer Long Service Medal and its successor, the Territorial Force Efficiency Medal.[1][2][3][4]

The medal could also be awarded to part-time ratings in the Naval Volunteer Reserves of Dominion and Colonial Auxiliary Forces throughout the British Empire.[5]

The award of the medal was discontinued in the United Kingdom in 1966, when the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, composed of civilian volunteers, was merged with the Royal Naval Reserve, composed of Merchant Navy seamen. It was superseded by its identical sister medal, the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal.[1]

The New Zealand version, the Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, is still being awarded.[5][6]

Origins

The Volunteer Long Service Medal was instituted in 1894 as an award for long service by other ranks of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. In 1896, the grant of the medal was extended by Royal Warrant to other ranks of the Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and a separate new medal was instituted, the Volunteer Long Service Medal for India and the Colonies.[7][8][9]

In 1899, the Volunteer Long Service Medal for India and the Colonies was superseded by the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Long Service Medal, for award to part-time members of all ranks in recognition of long service in any of the organized military forces of the Dominion of Canada and the British Colonies, Dependencies and Protectorates.[10]

In 1908, the Volunteer Long Service Medal was superseded in the United Kingdom by the Territorial Force Efficiency Medal. In the same year, a pair of distinctive Naval medals were instituted, specifically to reward long and meritorious service by part-time ratings of the Royal Naval Reserve, composed of Merchant Navy seamen, and the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, composed of civilian volunteers.[2][11]

Institution

The Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service Medal was instituted in 1908 as a long service award for part-time ratings of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserves of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Colonies and India. At some point between 1936 and 1941, the title of the medal was changed to Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. It was one of a pair of Naval long service medals which were instituted simultaneously, the other being the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, which had different time-served requirements.[1][3][4]

The two medals are identical and can only be identified by the reserve branch abbreviation impressed on the rim after the recipient's details, "R.N.R." on the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and "R.N.V.R." on the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. Both were initially hung from the same all-green ribbon inherited from the Volunteer Long Service Medal, until a new ribbon was introduced for the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal in 1919.[1][12]

When a third identical medal, the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, impressed "R.N.A.S.B.R.", was added to the group in 1919, a clasp to recognise further periods of long service in respect of all three medals was authorised in an Admiralty Fleet Order. This was followed in 1942 by the approval of a ribbon bar rosette, to denote the award of a clasp when ribbons alone are worn.[1]

The medal was also awarded by several countries in the British Empire.

  • South Africa adopted the medal in 1915, two years after the South African Division of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve was established on 1 July 1913.[12]
  • New Zealand adopted it in 1925, when the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (New Zealand) was established.[5]
  • Canada adopted it as the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Long Service and Good Conduct Medal in 1938, when the Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve was established.[13][14][15]

Award criteria

The medal could be awarded to part-time Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve ratings after twelve years of efficient service, not necessarily continuous. Wartime service counted as double time for the purpose of reckoning eligibility for the medal. The clasp to the medal could be awarded for a second twelve-year qualifying period of service.[1][12][13][14][15][16]

Order of wear

In the order of wear prescribed by the British Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal takes precedence after the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and before the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal.[17]

South Africa

{{main|South African military decorations order of wear#Order of wear}}

With effect from 6 April 1952, when a new South African set of decorations and medals was instituted to replace the British awards used to date, the older British decorations and medals which were applicable to South Africa continued to be worn in the same order of precedence but, with the exception of the Victoria Cross, took precedence after all South African decorations and medals awarded to South Africans on or after that date. Of the official British medals which were applicable to South Africans, the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal takes precedence as shown.[17][34][18]

  • Preceded by the Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (VRD).
  • Succeeded by the Air Efficiency Award (AE).

Description

The medal was struck in silver and is a disk, {{convert|36|mm|2|abbr=off}} in diameter, with a raised rim on each side. It is suspended from a straight silver bar, swivelling on some versions and, on all but the second Queen Elizabeth II version, affixed to the medal by means of a single-toe claw and a pin through the upper edge of the medal.[1][15]

Obverse

The obverse bears the effigy of the reigning monarch. Seven versions of the medal have been awarded.[1]

  • The original King Edward VII version of 1908 has his effigy in the uniform of the Admiral of the Fleet and is circumscribed "EDWARDVS VII REX IMPERATOR". The initials "De S" below the epaulette on the King's left shoulder are those of the engraver, British medallist George William de Saulles.[1][19]
  • The first King George V version, introduced after his succession to the throne in 1910, shows him in the uniform of the Admiral of the Fleet and is circumscribed "GEOGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:". The initials "BM" at the bottom of the effigy are those of the designer of the obverse, Sir Bertram Mackennal KCVO, an Australian sculptor.[1][20][21]
  • The second King George V version, introduced in 1931, has the King's coinage type effigy. It is also circumscribed "GEOGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:". The initials "BM" on the truncation of the King's neck are those of the designer of the obverse, Sir Bertram Mackennal.[1][21]
  • The first King George VI version, introduced after his succession to the throne in 1936, has his coinage type effigy and is circumscribed "GEORGIVS VI D: G: BR: OMN: REX F: D: IND: IMP." The initials "HP" below the truncation of the King's neck are those of the designer of the obverse of the medal, Thomas Humphrey Paget, an English medal and coin designer. Only this version of the medal was awarded in Canada.[1][14][15][22]
  • The second King George VI version was introduced in 1949, after his title "Emperor of India" was abandoned and reference to India was omitted from the medal inscription. This version has the same effigy as the first, but is circumscribed "GEORGIVS VI D: G: BRITT: OMN: REX FID: DEF:".[1]
  • The first Queen Elizabeth II version was introduced after her succession to the throne in 1952. It has her coinage type effigy and is circumscribed "ELIZABETH II DEI GRA: BRITT: OMN: REGINA F: D:", reading around from a cross at the top. The effigy was designed by Mary Gillick OBE and was also used on general-circulation coinage for the United Kingdom from 1953, as well as in cameo form on British commemorative postage stamps since 1966.[1][20][23]
  • The second Queen Elizabeth II version was introduced after her coronation in 1953. This version has the same effigy as the first, but is circumscribed "ELIZABETH•II•DEI•GRATIA•REGINA•F: D:", reading around from a cross at the top. Unlike all the earlier versions of the medal, the suspension mount of this version was struck in one piece with the medal.[1]
Reverse

The reverse depicts a starboard broadside view of HMS Dreadnought, the Royal Navy battleship which entered service in 1906. It is inscribed "DIUTURNE FIDELIS" ("Faithful Over Time" or "For long and faithful service") underneath. The design was by British sculptor Ernest George Gillick ARA, whose wife designed the obverse of the two Queen Elizabeth II versions of the medal.[1][14][15][20][24]

Clasp

The clasp, decorated in a leaf pattern, was struck in silver and designed to be attached to the medal suspension.[14]

Ribbons

Two ribbons were used with the medal.[1]

  • The original ribbon was 32 millimetres wide and dark green. It is identical to the ribbon of the Volunteer Long Service Medal.[1]
  • A new ribbon was introduced in 1919, 32 millimetres wide, with a 7 millimetres wide Navy blue band and a 3 millimetres wide dark red band, repeated in reverse order and separated by a 12 millimetres wide dark green band. The ribbon colours are symbolic, with blue representing the sea, red the Royal crimson and green the original Volunteer Long Service Medal ribbon's colour.[1][15][25]

Discontinuation

In the United Kingdom and some countries of the Commonwealth, the medal was gradually superseded by new medals.[1][14][26]

  • On 1 January 1946, Canada was the first to discontinue the award of the Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, upon the amalgamation of the Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve and the Royal Canadian Navy Reserve. The medal was superseded by the Royal Canadian Navy (Reserve) Medal.[14][15]
  • In South Africa, the medal was superseded on 6 April 1952 by the John Chard Medal, which could be awarded to all ranks of the Citizen Force in all Arms of the Service for twelve years of efficient service and good conduct.[26][27]
  • In the United Kingdom, the medal and its equivalent award for part-time volunteer Naval officers, the Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, were discontinued in 1966, when the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve was merged with the Royal Naval Reserve. The medal was superseded by its identical sister medal, the Royal Naval Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, which could be awarded after fifteen years of efficient service.[1]

New Zealand continues to award the medal as the Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, instituted by Royal Warrant of 6 May 1985, for fifteen years of accumulated service, during which the rating must have been rated as efficient in at least twelve. The clasp can be awarded for each additional ten years of qualifying service.[5][28][29]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 North East Medals – Long Service Medals to the Naval Reserve 1909–1957 (Accessed 25 July 2015)
2. ^1 {{London Gazette|issue=32300|date=22 April 1921|page=3185}}
3. ^1 {{London Gazette|issue=34277|date=24 April 1936|page=2622}}
4. ^1 [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35141/supplement/2288 The London Gazette: no. 35141. p. 2288. 24 April 1941] (Accessed on 31 July 2015)
5. ^1 2 3 New Zealand Defence Force – New Zealand Long Service and Good Conduct Medals – The Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (Accessed 29 July 2015)
6. ^Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet – Other Distinctive New Zealand Honours (Accessed 25 July 2015)
7. ^{{cite book|last=Mayo|first=John Horsley|title=Medals and Decorations of the British Army and Navy, Vol. II, 1897 (No. 224. Volunteer Long Service, 1894.)|url=https://archive.org/stream/medalsdecoration02mayouoft#page/494/mode/2up|year=1897|publisher=A. Constable|page=495|location=London}}
8. ^{{London Gazette|issue=26516|page=3115|date=26 May 1894}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Mayo|first=John Horsley|title=Medals and Decorations of the British Army and Navy, Vol. II, 1897 (No. 225. Volunteer Long Service Medal for Indian and Colonial Forces, 1896.)|url=https://archive.org/stream/medalsdecoration02mayouoft#page/498/mode/2up|year=1897|publisher=A. Constable|page=499|location=London}}
10. ^{{London Gazette|issue=27085|page=3517|date=2 June 1899}}
11. ^The Military Archive – Volunteer Long Service Medal (Accessed 30 June 2015)
12. ^1 2 South African Medal Website – Union Defence Forces (1913–39) (Accessed 26 July 2015)
13. ^1 {{cite book|last=McCreery|first=Christopher|url=http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhr-ddhr/pub/doc/cfd-dfc-eng.pdf|title=The Canadian Forces' Decoration|year=2011|publisher=Directorate of Honours and Recognition National Defence Headquarters|location=Ottawa|pages=12–13}} (Accessed 26 May 2015)
14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal & Decoration (Accessed 27 July 2015)
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Veterans Affairs Canada – Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (Accessed 30 July 2015)
16. ^Honours & Decorations – Appendix to the Navy List – June 1957 – Regulations Respecting the Long Service And Good Conduct Medal for the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (Accessed on 30 July 2015)
17. ^1 {{London Gazette|issue=56878|supp=y|page=3353|date=17 March 2003}}
18. ^Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005, {{OCLC|72827981}}
19. ^Medal-Medaille – Royal Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, Edward VII, 1901–1910 issue, rare attribution to H.M. Coast Guard (Accessed 10 June 2015)
20. ^1 2 Imperial War Museums – Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (Accessed 31 July 2015)
21. ^1 Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, (MUP), 1986 – Mackennal, Sir Edgar Bertram (1863–1931), article by Noel S. Hutchison (Accessed 14 June 2015)
22. ^The Royal Mint Museum – The portrait of George VI (Accessed 11 June 2015)
23. ^Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951 – Mrs Mary Gaskell Gillick OBE (Accessed 12 June 2015)
24. ^Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951 – Ernest George Gillick ARA (Accessed 1 August 2015)
25. ^Imperial War Museums – Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Decoration & VRD (Accessed 27 July 2015)
26. ^1 2 South African Government Notice no. 1982 of 1 October 1954 – Order of Precedence of Orders, Decorations and Medals, published in the South African Government Gazette of 1 October 1954.
27. ^{{cite book|last = Alexander|first = EGM|authorlink = |author2=Barron, GKB |author3=Bateman, AJ |title = South African Orders, Decorations and Medals |publisher = Human and Rousseau Publishers|year = 1986|location = Cape Town|pages = 160|url = |doi = |id = |isbn = 0-7981-1895-4}}
28. ^New Zealand Defence Force – The Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal Royal Warrant (Accessed 31 July 2015)
29. ^New Zealand Legislation – The Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (SR 1985/94) (Accessed 31 July 2015)
{{Efficiency and long service decorations and medals}}{{NZ Long & Meritorious Service Medals}}{{South African military decorations and medals}}

5 : Long and Meritorious Service Medals of Britain and the Commonwealth|Decorations of the Royal Navy|Military decorations and medals of South Africa|Military decorations and medals of South Africa in order of precedence|Military decorations and medals of South Africa pre-1952
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