“Baba Amte”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Murlidhar Devidas Amte, commonly known as Baba Amte,^[2] (26 December 1914 – 9 February 2008) was an Indian social worker and social activist known particularly for his work for the rehabilitation and empowerment of people suffering from leprosy. He has received numerous awards and prizes including the Padma Vibhushan, the Dr. Ambedkar International Award, the Gandhi Peace Prize, the Ramon Magsaysay Award, the Templeton Prize and the Jamnalal Bajaj Award.

Early life

Murlidhar Devidas "Baba" Amte was born on 26 December 1914 in the city of Hinganghat in the Wardha District of Maharashtra. His father, Devidas Amte, was a British government officer working for the district administration and revenue collection departments.^[3] Murlidhar Amte acquired the nickname Baba in his childhood.^[4]^[5]^[6] His wife, Sadhanatai Amte, explains that he came to be known as Baba not because "he was regarded as a saint or a holy person, but because his parents addressed him by that name."{{cn|date=February 2019}}

Amte was the eldest of eight children. As the eldest son of a wealthy land owner, he had an idyllic childhood, filled with hunting and sports. By the time he was fourteen, he owned his own gun and hunted boar and deer. When he was old enough to drive, he was given a Singer Sports car with cushions covered with panther skin. Though he was born in a wealthy family he was always aware of the class inequality that prevailed in Indian society. He never appreciated the restrictions which prevented him from playing with the 'lower-caste' servants' children. "There is a certain callousness in families like my family," he used to say. "They put up strong barriers so as avoid seeing the misery in the outside world and I rebelled against it."

In his 20s, Amte owned a successful law firm. But, troubled by the class differences he saw, he left {{when?|date=February 2019}} his practice in order to work alongside the underprivileged. ^[7]

Dedicated works

Trained in law, he developed a successful legal practice in Wardha. He soon became involved in the Indian struggle for freedom from the British Raj and, in 1942, began working as a defense lawyer for Indian leaders imprisoned by the British during the Quit India movement. He spent some time at Sevagram, at the ashram started by Mahatma Gandhi and became a follower of Gandhism. He practiced Gandhism by engaging in yarn spinning using a charkha and wearing khadi. When Gandhi got to know that Dr. Amte had saved a girl from the lewd taunts of British soldiers, Gandhi gave him the name – Abhay Sadhak (Fearless Seeker of Truth).^[8]

In those days, people with leprosy suffered a social stigma and the society disowned these people. Amte strove to dispel the widespread belief that leprosy was highly contagious; he even allowed bacilli from a leper to be injected into him as part of an experiment aimed at proving that leprosy was not highly contagious.^[9]

Amte founded three ashrams for treatment and rehabilitation of leprosy patients, disabled people and people from marginalised sections of the society in Maharashtra. On 15 August 1949, he and his wife Sadhna Amte started a leprosy hospital in Anandvan under a tree. In 1973, Amte founded the Lok Biradari Prakalp to work for the Madia Gond tribal people of Gadchiroli District.

Amte devoted his life to many other social causes, most notably the Quit India movement to raise public awareness on the importance of ecological balance, wildlife preservation and the Narmada Bachao Andolan. Government of India awarded Baba Amte with a Padma Shri in 1971.

Dedicated works of family members

Amte married Indu Ghuleshastri (later called Sadhanatai Amte).^[4] She participated in her husband's social work with equal dedication. Their two sons, Vikas Amte and Prakash Amte, and daughters-in-law, Mandakini and Bharati, are doctors. All four dedicated their lives to social work and causes similar to those of the senior Amte. Prakash and his wife Mandakini run a school and a hospital at Hemalkasa village in the underprivileged district of Gadchiroli in Maharashtra among the Madia Gond tribe, as well as an orphanage for injured wild animals, including a lion and some leopards. She left her governmental medical and moved to Hemalkasa to start the projects after they married. Their two sons, Dr. Digant and Aniket also dedicated their lives to the same causes.^[10]^[11] In 2008, Prakash and Mandakini received the Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership.^[12]

Amte's elder son Vikas and his wife Bharati run the hospital at Anandwan and co-ordinate operations with satellite projects.^[13] Anandwan has a university, an orphanage, and schools for the blind and the deaf. The Anandwan ashram is self-sufficient and has over 5,000 residents^[5] and is recognised around the world. Amte later founded "Somnath" and "Ashokwan" ashrams for people suffering from leprosy.

Gandhism

Amte followed Gandhi's way of life and led a spartan life. He wore khadi clothes made from the looms at Anandwan. He believed in Gandhi's concept of a self-sufficient village industry that empowers seemingly helpless people, and successfully brought his ideas into practice at Anandwan. Using non-violent means, he played an important role in the struggle for the independence of India.^[14] Amte also used Gandhi's principles to fight against corruption, mismanagement, and poor, shortsighted planning in the government. However, unlike Gandhi, Amte was an atheist.^[15]

Narmada Bachao Andolan with Medha Patkar

In 1990, Amte left Anandwan for a while to live along the Narmada River and joined Narmada Bachao Andolan ("Save Narmada") movement one of whose popular leaders was Medha Patkar, which fought against both unjust displacement of local inhabitants and damage to the environment due to the construction of the Sardar Sarovar dam on the Narmada river.^[16]^[17]

Death

Amte died at one of his leprosy shelters {{location?|date=February 2019}} on 9 February 2008 in Maharashtra of age-related illnesses.^[18]

Awards

Honorary titles

Quotes

See also

Notes

References

1. ^{{cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Amte-the-great-social-reformer/articleshow/2768984.cms|title=Amte, the great social reformer|work=India Times|date=9 February 2008}}
2. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173534/http://www.anandwan.in/about-anandwan/baba-amte.html Baba Amte]. anandwan.in
3. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyAmteMur.htm| title=BIOGRAPHY of Murlidhar Devidas Amte|publisher=rmaf.org.ph}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://chanda.nic.in/htmldocs/anandwan.html |title=Maharashtra Bhushan Baba Amte |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224221145/http://chanda.nic.in/htmldocs/anandwan.html |archivedate=24 February 2009 }}
5. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/freedom/amte3.htm| title=The Miracle Worker |work=Rediff}}
6. ^{{citation|url=http://baba.niya.org/index.php?page=mother_maddness|title=Wisdom song: My Mother's Madness|access-date=7 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727124249/http://baba.niya.org/index.php?page=mother_maddness|archive-date=27 July 2011|dead-url=yes|publisher=baba.niya.org}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://mss.niya.org/people/baba1_amte.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=20 October 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011053137/http://mss.niya.org/people/baba1_amte.php |archivedate=11 October 2011 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite book|last=MacFarquhar|first=Larissa|title=Strangers Drowning|page=123|publisher=Penguin Press|year=2015|ISBN=978-1-59420-433-3}}
9. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/09amte2.htm?zcc=rl| title=Amte was The last follower of Mahatma Gandhi|work=Rediff|date=9 February 2008}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417214443/http://www.ashanet.org/nycnj/?id=79|title=Social workers Drs. Prakash and Manda Amte inspire listeners at Asha NYC/NJ|work=Ashanet}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mastek.com/content/mastekpapers/23June2006.asp |title=Dr Prakash Amte and Dr Mandatai Amte have won the Spirit of Mastek Award for their selfless service for the Gonds of Gadchiroli in Maharashtra|work=Mastek|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509164349/http://www.mastek.com/content/mastekpapers/23June2006.asp |archivedate=9 May 2008 }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812201701/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationAmtes.html| title=The 2008 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership. CITATION for PRAKASH AMTE and MANDAKINI AMTE|publisher=Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation|date=31 August 2008}}
13. ^{{cite web| url=http://mss.niya.org/people/amte.php| title=Amte Family| access-date=9 February 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213133627/http://mss.niya.org/people/amte.php| archive-date=13 February 2008| dead-url=yes| df=dmy-all|publisher=niya.org}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/09amte4.htm|title=Baba Amte: The Gandhi after that Gandhi|work=Rediff|date=9 February 2008}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10757984|title=Baba Amte Obituary|work= The Economist|date=28 February 2008}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rightlivelihood.org/narmada.html |title=Right Livelihood Award: 1991 – Medha Patkar &Baba Amte / Narmada Bachao Andolan |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113140421/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/narmada.html |archivedate=13 November 2007|publisher=rightlivelihood.org }}
17. ^[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/president-pm-condole-baba-amte-s-death/story-GwYkkPvYSg2EDHH6GskVGJ.html President, PM condole Baba Amte's death]. Hindustan Times. Updated 9 February 2008.
18. ^¹²{{Cite news|title=Baba Amte, 93, Dies; Advocate for Lepers|last=Pandya|first=Haresh|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 February 2008|url=https://nyti.ms/2z1fhHT}}
19. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080216111449/http://mha.nic.in/Padma/PadmaAwardsDir(1954-2007).pdf Padma Awards Directory (1954–2007)]. Ministry of Home Affairs
20. ^{{cite web |title=Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive |url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/awards/archives/2010 |date= |publisher=Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/460838/murlidhar-devidas-amte-dr.-ambedkar.html|title=Murlidhar Devidas Amte, News Photo, K.R. Narayanan (L), President ...|website=timescontent.com|date=6 December 2000}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/12/07/stories/0207000g.htm|title=A crusader for the poor|work=The Hindu|date=7 December 2000}}
23. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/01/stories/2005050102571000.htm|title=Award for Baba Amte, Mashelkar | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu| date=1 May 2005}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/google-doodle-honours-baba-amte-on-104th-birthday/articleshow/67250381.cms|title=Google Doodle honours Baba Amte on 104th birthday - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-26}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.mymedicalmantra.com/we-dont-want-sympathy-but-respect-allow-us-to-live-a-dignified-life-says-leprosy-survivor-world-leprosy-day/|title=‘We don’t want sympathy, but respect. Allow us to live a dignified life,’ says leprosy survivor on World Leprosy Day|date=30 January 2017|work=My Medical Mantra|access-date=27 September 2017|language=en-GB}}