| 词条 | Shelling of Port Gregory |
| 释义 |
|conflict =Shelling of Port Gregory |partof =the Battle for Australia during World War II |image = |caption = |date =28 January 1943 |place =Port Gregory, Western Australia, Australia |coordinates = |map_type = |map_relief = |latitude = |longitude = |map_size = |map_marksize = |map_caption = |map_label = |territory = |result = |status = |combatants_header = |combatant1 ={{flag|Australia}} |combatant2 ={{flag|Empire of Japan}} |commander1 =None |commander2 ={{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} Lieutenant Commander Tatenosuke Tosu[1] |units1 = |units2 = |strength1 ={{flagicon|Australia}} Coastwatchers |strength2 ={{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} One submarine (I-165) |casualties1 =None |casualties2 =None |notes = |campaignbox ={{Axis naval attacks on Australia}} }} The shelling of Port Gregory took place on 28 January 1943 during World War II. The attack was conducted by the Japanese submarine I-165 under the command of Lieutenant Commander Tatenosuke Tosu[1] as part of the attempts to divert Allied attention away from the evacuation of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. None of the ten shells fired at Port Gregory caused any damage, and the attack was not noticed by the Allied naval authorities until a radio signal sent by Tosu was intercepted and decoded a week later. PurposeDuring the Pacific War Japanese submarines occasionally operated off Western Australia.{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=46}} In early 1943 the major Japanese headquarters across the Pacific were directed to use their forces to make small attacks on Allied positions in an attempt to divert attention away from the planned evacuation of Guadalcanal, Operation Ke.{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=46}} In mid-January, the commander of the Japanese Southwest Area Fleet ordered that I-165 be dispatched to attack Allied shipping off north-western Australia.{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=46}} As part of the fleet's contribution to the diversionary operations, I-165 was also directed to bombard a coastal Australian town. It is likely that the busy port town of Geraldton was selected for bombardment.{{sfn|Stevens|2002|pp=46–47}} The submarine I-166 was ordered to conduct a similar mission against Cocos Island.{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=46}} I-165 sailed from Surabaya in the occupied Dutch East Indies on 21 January 1943.[1]The attackOn the evening of 27 January I-165 arrived just north of Geraldton. While preparing for the attack, the crew of I-165 observed three aircraft and what Tosu believed was a destroyer in the area. Tosu decided to postpone his bombardment mission, and sailed north. While sailing on the surface the submarine passed within {{convert|2|mi|km|abbr=off|order=flip}} of what was identified as a destroyer without being noticed.[1]{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=47}} The following evening I-165 surfaced {{convert|4|mi|m|abbr=off|order=flip}} off the village of Port Gregory just after midnight. From a range of {{convert|7000|m|yd mi}}, she fired about ten 100-mm (3.9-inch) shells from her Type 88 deck gun at a derelict crayfish cannery, which the submarine's crew had mistakenly identified as an ammunition factory. None of the shells caused any damage. Tosu did not attempt to observe the results of his submarine's bombardment, and resumed patrolling off the coast of Western Australia.[1]{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=47}} Two Australian coastwatchers stationed near Port Gregory noticed gunfire at night on 28 January, but neither observed any shells landing.{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=47}} Allied naval authorities only learned of the attack when the submarine's battle report radio signal was intercepted and decoded a week later.[2]{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=47}} I-165 returned to Surabaya on 16 February without having sunk any Allied ships during her patrol.[1]{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=47}} Australian naval historian David Stevens has noted that "clearly as a diversion operation the bombardment had been an abject failure. Nevertheless, for the Allied navies it provided another graphic example of the poor planning and inadequate doctrine so common in the Japanese submarine force".{{sfn|Stevens|2002|p=47}} The attack on Port Gregory was one of three submarine shellings on Australian towns and cities, the other two being the attacks on Newcastle and Sydney in June 1942.[3] ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Hackett|first1=Bob|last2=Kingsepp|first2=Sander|title=IJN Submarine I-165: Tabular Record of Movement|url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/I-165.htm|website=Combined Fleet|accessdate=27 March 2016}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Kawano|first1=Teruaki|title=Letter from Professor Teruaki Kawano to David Jenkins (Annex A of Submission 130)|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/sydneyii/SUBM/SUBM.007.0084_R.pdf|website=HMAS Sydney II Commission of Inquiry|publisher=Department of Defence|accessdate=27 March 2016|date=29 May 1991}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Stevens|first1=David M.|title=Japanese submarine operations against Australia 1942–1944|url=http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/AJRP/AJRP2.nsf/437f72f8ac2c07238525661a00063aa6/225b90b97196e29bca256a1d00130203?OpenDocument|website=Australia–Japan Research Project|publisher=Australian War Memorial|accessdate=27 March 2016}} Works consulted
5 : Conflicts in 1943|1943 in Australia|Military attacks against Australia|Battles and conflicts without fatalities|20th century in Western Australia |
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