| 词条 | Bad River (Wisconsin) |
| 释义 |
| name = Bad River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = Bad River Wisconsin.jpg | image_caption = The Bad River in Copper Falls State Park in 2006 | map = Badwirivermap.png | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|United States}} | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Wisconsin}} | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|74.3|mi|km|abbr=on}}[1] | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = Caroline Lake | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|46|16|05|N|90|33|40|W|display=inline}}[1] | source1_elevation = {{convert|1522|ft|abbr=on}}[2] | mouth = Lake Superior | mouth_location = Bad River Indian Reservation | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|46|38|17|N|90|39|09|W|display=inline,title}}[1] | mouth_elevation = {{convert|600|ft|abbr=on}}[1] | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|1061|sqmi|abbr=on}}[3] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra ={{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Kakagon and Bad River Sloughs | designation1_date = 2 February 2012 | designation1_number = 2001[4]}} }} The Bad River is a river flowing to Lake Superior in northern Wisconsin in the United States. It flows for {{convert|119.6|km}}[5] in Ashland County, draining an area of {{convert|1061|sqmi}} in portions of Ashland, Bayfield and Iron counties. The Bad River sloughs were designated a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance on February 2, 2012. CourseThe Bad River issues from the southwestern end of Caroline Lake,[6] a {{convert|129|acre|ha|adj=on}} shallow lake on the boundary of Ashland and Iron counties which drains an area of acidic peatlands to its east.[7] The Bad River initially flows southwestwardly before turning generally to the north for most of its course, along which it passes through the city of Mellen, Copper Falls State Park, and the community of Odanah in the Bad River Indian Reservation.[6] In the vicinity of Mellen, the riverbed is commonly bedrock and boulder-strewn with numerous whitewater rapids; the river passes over waterfalls and through a granite gorge in Copper Falls State Park.[7] In its lower course in the Bad River Reservation the river's delta along Lake Superior contributes to a {{convert|16,000|acre|ha|adj=on}} complex of wetlands known as sloughs.[8] The Bad River's largest tributary is the White River,[3] which it collects near its mouth. Other principal tributaries include the Potato and Marengo rivers in its lower course; the Tyler Forks at Copper Falls State Park; and the Iron River upstream of Mellen.[6] WetlandsThe Kakagon and Bad River Sloughs are one of the sites listed in the list of wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, which was signed in 1971 and entered into force in the US in 1987. It is one of 35 such sites in the US, which cover a total of {{convert|1,827,196|ha|acres|disp=flip}}. The Sloughs were designated on February 2, 2012, and cover {{convert|4355|ha|acres|disp=flip}}. It is a "largely undeveloped wetland complex composed of sloughs, bogs and coastal lagoons that harbor the largest natural wild rice bed on the Great Lakes". Two rare mammal species, the grey wolf and the Canada lynx, are found in the wetlands, as are numerous populations of migratory and local bird species, including the endangered piping plover. The rice beds are necessary for maintaining genetic diversity in wild rice strains that grow around Lake Superior, and they are harvested using historic techniques by local tribes. The wetlands are threatened by invasive species, potential upriver mining and wastewater from human activities.[9] Variant namesThe United States Board on Geographic Names issued a decision clarifying the Bad River's name and course in 1965. According to the Geographic Names Information System, the stream has also been known historically as:[1]
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url={{Gnis3|1578679}} |title=GNIS entry for Bad River (Feature ID #1578679)|author=Geographic Names Information System|authorlink=Geographic Names Information System|accessdate=2007-02-07}} 2. ^{{cite web |url={{Gnis3|1562727}} |title=GNIS entry for Caroline Lake (Feature ID #1562727)|author=Geographic Names Information System|authorlink=Geographic Names Information System|accessdate=2007-02-07}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://dnr.wi.gov/org/gmu/sidebar/watersheds.html |title=Sum of watershed areas of Lower and Upper Bad River; Marengo River; Potato River; Tyler Forks; White River. |work=Watersheds of Wisconsin |author=Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources |accessdate=2007-02-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208125101/http://dnr.wi.gov/org/gmu/sidebar/watersheds.html |archivedate=8 February 2007 |deadurl=yes }} 4. ^{{Cite web|title=Kakagon and Bad River Sloughs|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2001|accessdate=25 April 2018}} 5. ^1 U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |date=2012-04-05 }}, accessed May 1, 2012 6. ^1 2 DeLorme (1992). Wisconsin Atlas & Gazetteer. Freeport, Maine: DeLorme. pp. 95, 103. {{ISBN|0-89933-247-1}}. 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://dnr.wi.gov/org/gmu/superior/BasinPlan/watersheds/ls14.html |title=Upper Bad River Watershed |author=Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources |accessdate=2007-02-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001113220/http://dnr.wi.gov/org/gmu/superior/BasinPlan/watersheds/ls14.html |archivedate=2006-10-01 |deadurl=no |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://dnr.wi.gov/org/gmu/superior/BasinPlan/watersheds/ls09.html |title=Lower Bad River Watershed |author= Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources |accessdate= 2007-02-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070213080213/http://dnr.wi.gov/org/gmu/superior/BasinPlan/watersheds/ls09.html| archivedate= 13 February 2007 | deadurl= no}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-annotated-ramsar-15774/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E15774_4000_0__|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: United States of America|date=January 30, 2013|accessdate=2013-12-04|publisher=The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands}} External links
4 : Bodies of water of Ashland County, Wisconsin|Rivers of Wisconsin|Tributaries of Lake Superior|Ramsar sites in the United States |
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