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词条 Bahujan Samaj Party
释义

  1. Origin of the word Bahujan

  2. History

      Ideology    Strategy    Development  

  3. Success in 2007

      Secret successor of Mayawati  

  4. Election results

      Lok Sabha (Lower House)    Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha (Lower House)    Other states where BSP has a presence    Bihar Vidhan Sabha    Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha    Delhi Vidhan Sabha    Haryana Vidhan Sabha    Himachal Pradesh Vidhan Sabha    Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Sabha    Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha    Karnataka Vidhan Sabha    Kerala Vidhan Sabha    Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha    Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha    Punjab Vidhan Sabha    Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha    Telangana Vidhan Sabha    Uttarakhand Vidhan Sabha  

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{For|the Nepalese party|Bahujan Samaj Party, Nepal}}{{copy edit|date=February 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}{{Infobox Indian Political Party
|name = Bahujan Samaj Party
|logo =
|abbreviation = BSP
|colorcode = {{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}
|alliance = *BSP-SP-RLD Alliance {{small|(On National Level)}}
  • United Progressive Alliance {{small|(In Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan) (2018-present)}}
  • Punjab Democratic Alliance {{small|(in Punjab) (2018-Present)}}

|president = Mayawati[1]
|secretary =
  • Satish Chandra Mishra
  • Ram Achal Rajbhar
  • R Sridhar[2]

|foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1984|04|14}}
|founder = Kanshi Ram
|rajyasabha_leader = Satish Chandra Mishra
|predecessor = DSSSS
|headquarters = 12, Gurudwara Rakabganj Road, New Delhi, India-110001
|publication = Bahujan Samaj Bulletin
|wing4_title = Volunteer's wing
|wing4 = Bahujan Volunteer Force
|eci = National Party
|membership =
|ideology = Affirmative action
Human rights
Social equality[3]
Secularism
Social justice[4]
Self respect[5]
|position = Centre-left
|colours = {{Color box|{{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} Blue
|loksabha_seats = 0
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|4|245|hex=#0000FF}}
| state_seats_name = State Legislative Assembly
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|19|403|hex={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}}}(Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly)


{{Composition bar|8|100||hex={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}}}(Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad)
{{Composition bar|1|223||hex={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}}}(Karnataka Legislative Assembly)
{{Composition bar|2|230||hex={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}}}(Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly)
{{Composition bar|6|200||hex={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}}}(Rajasthan Legislative Assembly)
{{Composition bar|2|90||hex={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}}}(Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly)
{{Composition bar|1|81||hex={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}}}(Jharkhand Legislative Assembly)
{{Composition bar|1|90||hex={{Bahujan Samaj Party/meta/color}}}}(Haryana Legislative Assembly)


|website = http://www.bspindia.org/
|symbol =
|state1_seats_name=Madhya Pradesh|state3_seats_name=Madhya Pradesh}}

The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) is a national political party in India. In terms of vote share in the 2014 general election, it is the country's third-largest national party, even though it did not win any seats in the Lok Sabha.[6] It was formed mainly to represent Bahujans (literally meaning "People in majority"), referring to people from the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Castes (OBC), as well as religious minorities that together, according to Kanshi Ram at the time he founded the party in 1984, comprised 85 percent of India's population but was divided into 6,000 different castes.[7][8]{{multiple image


| align = left
| direction = Horizontal
| header = Influential figures
| width = 150
| image1 = Mphule.jpg
| caption1 = Jyotirao Phule, an Indian activist, thinker, social reformer from Maharashtra. He fought for the eradication of untouchability and the caste system, women's emancipation and the reform of Hindu family life. He also formed the Satyashodhak Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth) to attain equal rights for peasants and people from lower castes.
| image2 = Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar.jpg
| caption2 = B. R. Ambedkar, chief architect of Indian Constitution and first law minister of India who campaigned against untouchability, caste system and also campaigned for the rights of women and laborers.
| image3 = Narayana Guru.jpg
| caption3 = Narayana Guru (ca. 1854 – 20 September 1928), was a social reformer of India. He was born into a family of the Ezhava caste in an era when people from such communities, which were regarded as Avarna, faced much injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerala. He led a reform movement in Kerala, rejected casteism, and promoted new values of spiritual freedom and social equality.
| image4 = EV Ramasamy.JPG
| caption4 = Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, an Indian social activist, freedom fighter and politician who started the Self-Respect Movement. He is known as the 'Father of modern Tamil Nadu'. He has done exemplary works against Brahminical dominance, caste prevalence and women oppression in Tamil Nadu.
| image5 = Portrait of HH Shahu Chhatrapati Mahara.jpg
| caption5 = Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj was of Indian princely state of Kolhapur. He worked tirelessly for the cause of the lower caste subjects in his state. Primary education to all regardless of caste and creed was one of his most significant priorities.}}

The party claims to be inspired by the philosophy of Gautama Buddha, B. R. Ambedkar, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Narayana Guru, Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj.[9] Kanshi Ram named his protégée Mayawati as his successor in 2001.

The BSP has its main base in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. In 2017 Uttar Pradesh elections, BSP was second-largest party in terms of vote share with over 22% votes despite winning only 19 seats.[10] It has an elephant as its election symbol. The BSP has no separate youth wing as it has at least 50 percent representation of youth in its organizational structure.[11] BSP has no social media accounts or website.[12] Sudhindra Bhadoria, a senior party leader, is the only official spokesperson of the BSP.[13]

Origin of the word Bahujan

The Pali word "Bahujana" is popularly found in the literature of Buddhist texts. Gautama Buddha used this word to guide his disciples to work for the Bahujana Hitaya Bahujana Sukhaya(tran. Benefit and prosperity of majority people).[14][15][16] The BSP used this slogan extensively to campaign in her political rallies.[17]

History

Ideology

The BSP's primary focus is on the uplifting of what it sees as the nation's downtrodden groups. Its self-proclaimed ideology is "Social Transformation and Economic Emancipation" of the "Bahujan Samaj". The "Bahujan Samaj", to them, includes the lower-caste groups in India like the Scheduled Castes (SC), the Scheduled Tribes (ST) and the Other Backward Classes (OBC). It also includes religious minorities like Sikhs, Muslims, Christians, Parsis, and Buddhists. They see these groups as having been victims of the "Manuwadi" system for millennia, a system which benefited upper-caste Hindus only. They hold B.R. Ambedkar, champion of lower-caste rights, as one of their key icons and ideological inspirations. Many doubt especially upper caste Hindu that BSP is an anti-upper caste party which is pure propaganda. BSP believes in egalitarian society and equality. in 2008 while speaking on same BSP supremo Mayawati said "Our policies and ideology are not against any particular caste or religion. If we were anti-upper caste, we would not have given tickets to candidates from upper castes to contest elections". In fact, Satish Chandra Mishra and many Upper castes Hindu are in various positions in BSP. The party also believe in egalitarianism and hold a strong emphasis on social justice.

[18]

Strategy

The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) was founded on the birth anniversary of B. R. Ambedkar, 14 April 1984, by Kanshi Ram,[19] who named former schoolteacher Mayawati as his successor in 2001.[20]

Speaking of lesser-known figures from the Indian Rebellion of 1857 who have been used as Dalit icons by the BSP, such as Avantibai, Uda Devi, Mahaviri Devi[21], Jhalkaribai[22], Matadin Bhangi, Ballu Mehtar, Vira Pasi, Banke Chamar[23] and Chetram Jatav[24], the social scientist Badri Narayan Tiwari has noted that {{quote|Dalit intellectuals supported by BSP, which is trying to mobilize grassroot Dalits using local heroes, histories, myths and legends found a wealth of resources in the oral history of the regions of [Uttar Pradesh] centering around the 1857 rebellion. The political strategy of the party is to tell and retell the stories of these heroes, build memorials and organize celebrations around their stories repeatedly to build a collective memory in the psyche of the people. The stories are narrated in such a manner that the Dalits imagine the story of the making of this nation in which they played a significant role.[25]}}

Development

The party's power grew quickly with seats in the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. In 1993, following the assembly elections, Mayawati formed a coalition with Samajwadi Party President Mulayam Singh Yadav as Chief Minister. On 2 June 1995, she withdrew support from his government, which led to a major incident where Yadav was accused of sending his goons to keep her party legislators hostage at a Lucknow guest house and shout casteist abuses at her.[26] Since this event, they have regarded each other publicly as chief rivals.[27]

Mayawati then obtained support from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to become Chief Minister on 3 June 1995. In October 1995, the BJP withdrew their support and fresh elections were called after a period of President's Rule. In 2003, Mayawati resigned from her own government to prove that she was not "hungry for power"[28] and asked the BJP-run Government of India to remove Union Tourism and Culture Minister, Jagmohan.[29] In 2007, she began leading a BSP-formed government with an absolute majority for a full five-year term.[30]

Success in 2007

The results of the May 2007 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election saw the BSP emerge as a sole majority party, the first to do so since 1991. Mayawati began her fourth term as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and took her oath of office along with 50 ministers of cabinet and state rank on 13 May 2007, at Rajbhawan in the state capital of Lucknow.[31] Most importantly, the majority achieved in large part was due to the party's ability to take away majority of upper castes votes from their traditional party, the BJP.[32]

The party could manage only 80 seats in 2012 as against 206 in 2007 assembly elections. BSP government was the first in the history of Uttar Pradesh to complete its full five-year term.[33]

On 26 May 2018, the party in a major revamp, Ram Achal Rajbhar was replaced by R S Kushwaha as President of UP Unit.[34]

The 2014 national Lok Sabha elections saw the BSP become the third-largest national party of India in terms of vote percentage, having 4.2% of the vote across the country but gaining no seats.[35]

Secret successor of Mayawati

On 9 August 2009; Mayawati declared that she had chosen a successor from the Dalit community who is 18–20 years her junior. She has penned down his name in a sealed packet left in the safe custody of two of her close confidantes. The name of the successor will be disclosed upon her death.[36]

Election results

Lok Sabha (Lower House)

Lok Sabha Term Indian
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested		 State (seats)
9th Lok Sabha 1989 245 3 2.07 4.53 Punjab (1)
Uttar Pradesh (3)[37]
10th Lok Sabha 1991 231 3 1.61 3.64 Madhya_Pradesh(1)
Punjab (1)
Uttar Pradesh (1)[38]
11th Lok Sabha 1996 210 11 4.02 11.21 Madhya Pradesh(2)
Punjab (3)
Uttar Pradesh (6)
12th Lok Sabha 1998 251 5 4.67 9.84 Haryana (1)
Uttar Pradesh (4)
13th Lok Sabha 1999 225 14 4.16 9.97 Uttar Pradesh (14)
14th Lok Sabha 2004 435 19 5.33 6.66 Uttar Pradesh (19)
15th Lok Sabha 2009 500 21 6.17 6.56 Madhya Pradesh(1)
Uttar Pradesh (20)
16th Lok Sabha 2014 503 0 4.19 NA
17th Lok Sabha 2019 TBA TBA TBA Uttar Pradesh()
Madhya_Pradesh()
Uttarakhand()
Bihar()
Punjab(3)

Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha (Lower House)

Vidhan Sabha Term UP
elections		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
12th Vidhan Sabha 1993 164 67 11.12 28.52
13th Vidhan Sabha 1996 296 67 19.64 27.73
14th Vidhan Sabha 2002 401 98 23.06 23.19
15th Vidhan Sabha 2007 403 206 30.43 30.43
16th Vidhan Sabha 2012 403 80 25.95 25.95
17th Vidhan Sabha 2017 403 19 22.24 22.24

Other states where BSP has a presence

Bihar Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Bihar
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
10th Vidhan Sabha 1990 164 0 0.73 1.41
11th Vidhan Sabha 1995 161 2 1.34 2.66
12th Vidhan Sabha 2000 249 5 1.89 2.47
13th Vidhan Sabha Feb. 2005 238 2 4.41 4.50
14th Vidhan Sabha Oct. 2005 212 4 4.17 4.75
15th Vidhan Sabha 2010 243 0 3.21 3.27
16th Vidhan Sabha 2015 228 0 2.1 2.2[39]

Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Chhattisgarh
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
2nd Vidhan Sabha 2003 54 2 4.45 6.94
3rd Vidhan Sabha 2008 90 2 6.11 6.11
4th Vidhan Sabha 2013 90 1 4.27 4.27
5th Vidhan Sabha 2018 33 2 3.9 3.9

Delhi Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Delhi
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
1st Vidhan Sabha 1993 55 0 1.80 2.42
2nd Vidhan Sabha 1998 58 0 3.09 3.63
3rd Vidhan Sabha 2003 40 0 5.76 8.96
4th Vidhan Sabha 2008 70 2 14.05 14.05
5th Vidhan Sabha 2013 69 0 5.33 5.44
6th Vidhan Sabha 2015 70 0 1.31 1.31

Haryana Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Haryana
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
10th Vidhan Sabha 2000 83 1 5.74 6.22
11th Vidhan Sabha 2005 84 1 3.22 3.44
12th Vidhan Sabha 2009 86 1 6.73 7.05
13th Vidhan Sabha 2014 87 1[40] 4.37[41] 4.52

Himachal Pradesh Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Himachal Pradesh
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
7th Vidhan Sabha 1990 35 0 0.94 1.76
8th Vidhan Sabha 1993 49 0 2.25 3.0
9th Vidhan Sabha 1998 28 0 1.41 3.28
10th Vidhan Sabha 2003 23 0 0.7 2.02
11th Vidhan Sabha 2007 67 1 7.40 7.37
12th Vidhan Sabha 2012 67 0 1.7 2.02
13th Vidhan Sabha 2017 42 0 0.49 0.79

Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Jammu and Kashmir
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
9th Vidhan Sabha 1996 29 4 6.43 15.07[42]
10th Vidhan Sabha 2002 33 1 4.50 7.86[43]
11th Vidhan Sabha 2008 83 0 3.73 3.73[44]
12th Vidhan Sabha 2014 50 0 1.41 2.07[45]

Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Jharkhand
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
3rd Vidhan Sabha 2009 78 0 2.44 2.55[46]
4th Vidhan Sabha 2014 61[47] 1[48] 1.8 2.4

Karnataka Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Karnataka
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 Total of
votes		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
15th Vidhan Sabha 2018 18 1 1085920.30%3.72%

Kerala Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Kerala
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
13th Vidhan Sabha 2011 122 0 0.600.70
14th Vidhan Sabha 2016 74 0 0.24 0.45

Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Madhya Pradesh
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
9th Vidhan Sabha 1990 183 2 3.54 5.89
10th Vidhan Sabha 1993 286 2 7.05 7.86
11th Vidhan Sabha 1998 170 11 6.15 11.39
12th Vidhan Sabha 2003 157 2 7.26 10.62
13th Vidhan Sabha 2008 230 7 8.97 9.29
14th Vidhan Sabha 2013 227 4 6.29 6.42
15th Vidhan Sabha 2018 230 2 5.00

Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Maharashtra
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
8th Vidhan Sabha 1990 122 0 0.42 0.98
9th Vidhan Sabha 1995 145 0 1.49 2.82
10th Vidhan Sabha 1999 83 0 0.39 1.24
11th Vidhan Sabha 2004 272 0 4.0 4.18
12th Vidhan Sabha 2009 287 0 2.35 2.42
13th Vidhan Sabha 2014 280[49] 0 2.25[50] 2.33

Punjab Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Punjab
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested
10th Vidhan Sabha 1992 105 9 16.32 17.59
11th Vidhan Sabha 1997 67 1 7.48 13.28
12th Vidhan Sabha 2002 100 0 5.69 6.61
13th Vidhan Sabha 2007 115 0 4.13 4.17
14th Vidhan Sabha 2012 117 0 4.29 4.30
15th Vidhan Sabha 2017 111 0 1.52 1.59

Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Rajasthan
General Election		 Seats
contested		 Seats
won		 % of
votes		 % of votes in
seats contested		Resulting government
9th Vidhan Sabha 1990 57 0 0.79 2.54
10th Vidhan Sabha 1993 50 0 0.56 2.01
11th Vidhan Sabha 1998 108 2 2.17 3.81
12th Vidhan Sabha 2003 124 2 3.97 6.40
13th Vidhan Sabha 2008 199 6 7.60 7.66
14th Vidhan Sabha 2013 199 3 3.37 3.48
15th Vidhan Sabha 2018 199 6 4.00

Telangana Vidhan Sabha

Vidhan Sabha Term Telangana
General Election		 Seats
won		 Total of
votes		 % of
votes
1st Vidhan Sabha 2014 2 458,7621.0%
2nd Vidhan Sabha 2018 0 428,430 2.1

Uttarakhand Vidhan Sabha

Electoral performance in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly
ElectionLeaderVotesSeatsPositionResulting government
# % # ±
2002 Mayawati 3,12,84210.937|70|hex=#3300CC}}{{dash}}3rd{{nowrap|INC majority}}}}
2007 Mayawati 4,43,70311.768|70|hex=#3300CC}}{{increase}}13rdBJP coalition}}
2012 Mayawati 5,18,22712.193|70|hex=#3300CC}}{{decrease}}53rdINC coalition}}
2017 Mayawati 3,47,5336.980|70|hex=#3300CC}}{{decrease}}3none{{nowrap|BJP majority}}}}

See also

  • BAMCEF[51]
  • Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti[52]
  • Republican Party of India[53]
  • Kanshi Ram
  • Mayawati
  • Jai Bhim[54]

References

1. ^{{cite web |author=livemint |title=Mayawati says she will remain BSP president for next 20 years|website=livemint.com|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/PTjTr92SwEcPJ0ItjL4YuL/BSP-should-be-ready-to-fight-polls-solo-says-Mayawati.html|accessdate=2018-05-26}}
2. ^{{cite news |title=Maya’s personal aide is named party’s new general secretary |work=Indian Express |date=13 December 2016 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/mayawati-replaces-personal-aide-with-another-as-bsp-general-secretary-prasad-maurya-manoj-kumar-4424113/lite/ |accessdate=2016-03-13}}
3. ^{{cite news |work=Deccan Herald |title='BSP stands for social equality' |date=11 February 2008 |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/DeccanHerald.com/Content/Feb122008/district2008021151743.asp |accessdate=2016-03-13}}
4. ^{{cite news |title=Cong damaged cause of social justice: Mayawati |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 April 2009 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/cong-damaged-cause-of-social-justice-mayawati/story-4brhIxzP1pQeE3FJlOC7KP.html |accessdate=2016-06-04}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Ms. Mayawati said she would devote her life for the self-respect movement.|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/a-chamar-will-be-my-successor-mayawati/article3097137.ece |work=The Hindu}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Vote share: BJP gets 31 pc; 3rd largest BSP gets no seat|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/vote-share-ls-election-bjp-gets-31-pc-3rd-largest-bsp-gets-no-seat/20140517.htm|accessdate=4 October 2016|agency=Rediff}}
7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-rMW03l_gx0C&pg=PA390&lpg=PA390&dq=85%25+bahujan&source=bl&ots=WwA-6UZoVy&sig=DV-nd5FDEm54f-7AR2w0uxP56YE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOkr6u2N_ZAhWOulMKHYYHD8Y4ChDoAQgrMAI#v=onepage&q=85%25%20bahujan&f=false|title=India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|date=2003|publisher=Hurst|isbn=9781850653981|language=en}}
8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://countercurrents.org/2017/04/28/the-contradictory-bahujan-of-the-bsp/|title=The Contradictory Bahujan of the BSP – Countercurrents|date=2017-04-28|work=Countercurrents|access-date=2018-03-09|language=en-US}}
9. ^{{cite news|title=The ground flanked by giant-sized cut-outs of BSP's icons -- Babasaheb Ambedkar, Shahuji Maharaj, Jyotiba Phule, Narain Guru, Periyar, and Mayawati herself.|url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2007/mar/01maya.htm}}
10. ^{{cite web | author=IANS | title=Assembly Elections Results 2017: Political parties with lesser seats get more vote share | website=The Financial Express | date=12 March 2017 | url=http://www.financialexpress.com/elections/assembly-elections-results-2017-political-parties-with-lesser-seats-get-more-vote-share/585280/ | language=la | accessdate=21 May 2017}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/maya-bsp-has-no-other-outfit-social-media-accounts/articleshow/65113287.cms|title=Maya: BSP has no other outfit, social media accounts - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-30}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/bsp-has-no-youth-wing-or-official-website-says-mayawati-5272529/|title=BSP has no youth wing or official website, says Mayawati|date=2018-07-24|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-07-30|language=en-US}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/bahujan-samaj-party-has-no-official-facebook-or-twitter-accounts-mayawati-118072400022_1.html|title=Bahujan Samaj Party has no official Facebook or Twitter accounts: Mayawati|last=Standard|first=Business|date=2018-07-24|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-07-30}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Bahujanahitasuttaṃ|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sltp/It_utf8.html#pts.078|website=Access to Insight|accessdate=4 October 2016}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=For the Welfare of Many|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/iti/iti.3.072-090x.irel.html# to Insight|accessdate=4 October 2016}}
16. ^{{cite book|last=Madan|first=Gurmukh Ram|title=Buddhism: Its Various Manifestations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqhhR-hY7VQC&pg=PA47|year=1999|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-728-3|page=47}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=Mayawati has announced rallies named “Bahujan Hitay Bahujan Sukhay” across the state.|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/assembly-elections-2017-professional-videographers-hired-for-upcoming-mayawati-rallies-3005094/|accessdate=4 October 2016|publisher=The Indian Express}}
18. ^https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/bsp-is-not-anti-upper-caste-mayawati/story-klNh0237WyQ4xVrIDiZtKI.html
19. ^{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Pitam|title=Women legislators in Indian politics|date=2003|publisher=Concept Pub. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8180690199|pages=101|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ldhazU_vvQcC&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=14th+april+1984+bsp#v=onepage&q=14th%20april%201984%20bsp&f=false}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Kanshi Ram declares Mayawati as his successor|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/15bsp.htm|agency=Rediff News |date=15 December 2001 |first=Sharat |last=Pradhan}}
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26. ^{{cite news |title=Report indicting Mulayam Singh Yadav comes handy for BJP |work=India Today |date=15 August 1996 |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/report-indicting-mulayam-singh-yadav-comes-handy-for-bjp/1/282144.html |accessdate=2016-05-12}}
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28. ^{{cite news |title=Uttar Pradesh chief quits |work=BBC News |date=26 August 2003 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181313.stm |accessdate=2016-03-25}}
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33. ^http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm
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37. ^{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |website=IIS Windows Server |date=2 May 2016 |url=http://164.100.47.192/Loksabha/members/partyardetail.aspx?party_code=26&lsno=9 |accessdate=2016-05-02}}
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40. ^{{cite news|title=Tek Chand Sharma won the lone seat for the party from the Prithla seat in Faridabad by a margin of 1,179 votes|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/bsp-fails-to-shed-one-seat-wonder-tag-vote-share-dips/article1-1277314.aspx |work=Hindustan Times}}
41. ^{{cite web|title=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA GENERAL\\BYE ELECTION TO LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES TRENDS & RESULT 2014 |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103000000/http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07 |archivedate=3 November 2014 }}
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43. ^{{cite web|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2002|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf}}
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49. ^{{cite news|title=BSP had contested on 260 seats in Maharashtra.|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-ht/NAT-TOP-after-ending-up-with-lone-seat-in-maharashtra-haryana-bsp-set-to-lose-national-p-4781704-NOR.html |work=Daily Bhaskar}}
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52. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article5102.html|title=Journey Of A Dalit Party: Why is the BSP Not Able to Extend beyond (...) - Mainstream Weekly|website=www.mainstreamweekly.net|language=en|access-date=2018-07-11}}
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External links

{{Commons category|Bahujan Samaj Party}}{{Indian political parties}}

7 : Bahujan Samaj Party|Socialist parties in India|Political parties established in 1984|1984 establishments in India|National political parties in India|Ambedkarite political parties|Dalit politics
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