| 释义 |
- Astronomy and space exploration
- Biology
- Computer science
- Mathematics
- Technology
- Awards
- Deaths
- References
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2012}}{{Year nav topic5|1986|science}}The year 1986 in science and technology involved many significant events, some not listed below. Astronomy and space exploration- January 24 – NASA Voyager 2 space probe makes first encounter with Uranus.
- January 28 – NASA Space Shuttle Challenger explodes on launch, killing all seven astronauts aboard. Their bodies are located by United States Navy divers on March 9.
- February 19 – The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station.
- March 8 – Japanese spacecraft Suisei flies by Halley's Comet, studying its UV hydrogen corona and solar wind.
Biology- May – First reported methods for constructing a monoclonal antibody containing parts from mouse and human antibodies, a required first step toward the development of humanized antibodies used later as medical therapeutics (such as Infliximab).[1][2]
Computer science- January 16 – The Internet Engineering Task Force, a standards organization that develops and promotes Internet standards, holds its first meeting, consisting of 21 United States government-funded researchers.
- January 19 – The first MS-DOS-based personal computer virus, Brain, starts to spread.[3]
- April 3 – IBM unveils the PC Convertible, the first laptop computer.
- June 23 – Eric Thomas develops LISTSERV, the first email list management software.[4]
- Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is visualized by Mark Crispin.
- 3D printing is developed by Charles Hull.
- Pixar is founded.
Mathematics- Summer – Kenneth Alan Ribet demonstrates proof of the ε-conjecture, subsequently known as Ribet's theorem[5] confirming Gerhard Frey's suggestion that the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture implies Fermat's Last Theorem.[6]
- Lawrence Paulson makes the first release of Isabelle (proof assistant).[7]
- Lee Sallows introduces the alphamagic square.[8]
Technology- January 11 – The Gateway Bridge is opened in Brisbane, Australia, the world's largest prestressed concrete single box bridge.
- April 26 – Chernobyl disaster: An RBMK at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic reaches prompt criticality.
- December 23 – Rutan Voyager becomes the first aircraft to fly around the world without stopping or refueling, landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California after a nine-day trip piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager.
Awards- Crafoord Prize in Geosciences: Gerald Wasserburg and Claude Jean Allègre
- Fields Prize in Mathematics: Simon Donaldson, Gerd Faltings and Michael Freedman
- Nobel Prizes
- Physics – Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
- Chemistry – Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
- Medicine – Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini
- Turing Award – John Hopcroft, Robert Tarjan
- Wollaston Medal for Geology – Claude Jean Allègre
Deaths- January 7 – Rex Wailes (b. 1901), English engineer and historian of technology.
- January 28
- Crew of United States Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-L:
- Greg Jarvis (b. 1944)
- Christa McAuliffe (b. 1948)
- Ronald McNair (b. 1950)
- Ellison Onizuka (b. 1946)
- Judith Resnik (b. 1949)
- Dick Scobee (b. 1939)
- Michael J. Smith (b. 1945)
- Dorothée Pullinger (b. 1894), French-born British production engineer.
- April 22 – Dame Honor Fell (b. 1900), English biologist.
- July 6 – William Rashkind (b. 1922), American cardiologist.
- July 21 – Zhang Yuzhe (b. 1902), Chinese astronomer.
- October 22 – Albert Szent-Györgyi (b. 1893), Hungarian physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- October 31 – Edward Adelbert Doisy (b. 1893), American biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- June 7 – Robert S. Mulliken (b. 1896), American physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- November 25 – Sir Ivan Magill (b. 1888), British anesthesiologist.
References1. ^{{cite journal|author1=Jones, Peter T. |author2=Dear, Paul H. |author3=Foote, Jefferson |author4=Neuberger, Michael S. |author5=Winter, Greg |year=1986|title=Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v321/n6069/pdf/321522a0.pdf|journal=Nature|volume=321|issue=6069|pages=522–525|pmid=3713831|accessdate=July 29, 2011|doi=10.1038/321522a0|bibcode=1986Natur.321..522J}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Waldman |first=Thomas A. |year=2003 |url=http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v9/n3/full/nm0303-269.html&filetype=pdf |title=Immunotherapy: past, present and future |journal=Nature Medicine |volume=9 |pages=269–277 |accessdate=July 29, 2011 |issue=3 |doi=10.1038/nm0303-269 |pmid=12612576 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303133316/http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=%2Fnm%2Fjournal%2Fv9%2Fn3%2Ffull%2Fnm0303-269.html&filetype=pdf |archivedate=March 3, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/01/19/pc_virus_at_20/|title=PC virus celebrates 20th birthday|last=Leyden|first=John|date=January 19, 2006|work=The Register|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=1986|url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/index/FUNET/history/internet/en/1986.html|accessdate=2013-01-25}}
5. ^{{cite journal|first=Ken|last=Ribet|title=On modular representations of Gal({{overline|Q}}/Q) arising from modular forms|journal=Inventiones Mathematicae |volume=100|year=1990|issue=2|pages=431–471|url=http://math.berkeley.edu/~ribet/Articles/invent_100.pdf|format=PDF|bibcode=1990InMat.100..431R|doi=10.1007/BF01231195}}
6. ^{{cite book|last=Frey|first=Gerhard|title=Links between stable elliptic curves and certain Diophantine equations|mr=853387|year=1986|journal=Annales Universitatis Saraviensis. Series Mathematicae|issn=0933-8268|volume=1|issue=1|pages=iv+40}}
7. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0743-1066(86)90015-4|title=Natural deduction as higher-order resolution|journal=The Journal of Logic Programming|volume=3|issue=3|page=237|year=1986|last1=Paulson|first1=L. C.|arxiv=cs/9301104}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/alphamagic_square.html|title=alphamagic square|work=Encyclopedia of Science|accessdate=2012-05-12}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1986 In Science}} 3 : 1986 in science|20th century in science|1980s in science |