| 词条 | Wilyakali | ||||||
| 释义 |
| type = protected | name = Wilyakali Lands | state = nsw | iucn_category = | image = | caption = | image_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|31|08|48|S|142|22|53|E|region:AU-NSW|display=inline, title}} | map_scale = | relief = yes | map_alt = | nearest_town_or_city = {{NSWcity|White Cliffs}} | area = | area_footnotes = | established = | established_footnotes = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_footnotes = | managing_authorities = | url = }} The Wilyakali or Wiljaali are an Australian aboriginal tribal group of the Darling River basin in Far West New South Wales, Australia. Their traditional lands centred on the towns of Broken Hill and Silverton and surrounding country. Today the Wilyakali people of Broken Hill are still the main Aboriginal group living in Broken Hill. Etymology of the name WilyakaliEtymologically the word kali appears to be an archaic term meaning 'people' and is incorporated in numerous tribal names of the Darling River valley, including Paakantyi (Creek People),Bula-ali (Hill people) and Thangkakali.{{sfn|Hercus|Austin|2004|p=208}} In this construction the name would mean the Wilya people. Wilyakali languageThe Wilyakali language is part of the Paakantyi subgroup family.{{sfn|Hercus|Austin|2004|p=208}} The language is considered to be largely extinct from the 1930s with only 23 speakers.{{cn|date=May 2017}} CountryWilyakali traditional lands covered an estimated 8,400 sq. miles from the Barrier Ranges westwards to Olary in South Australia. They encompassed Silverton, Mutooroo and Boolcoomata. To the northwest they reached Mootwingee, and northeast to just south of Sturt Meadows. The tribe apparently moved south in the first half of the 19th century from its earlier domain to resist strongarm cultural pressures from the Ngadjuri to adopt circumcision.{{sfn|Tindale|1974}} The Malyangapa lived on their northern tribal borders, while the Yadliyawara were to their west. Traditional cultureTraditional Wilyakali adopted many cultural influences from people to their north and west, such as mura stories.{{sfn|Beckett|Hercus|2009|p=8}} According to A. P. Elkin, its kinship system terms bore some overlap with those of the Wadikali.{{sfn|Elkin|1938|p=41}} HistoryArrival of EuropeansThe ethnographer A. W. Howitt speculated that the Wiljakali belonged to a distinct supra-tribal group he called the Itchumundi nation.{{sfn|Tindale|1974}} Land corporationIn the 1980s, the people formed the Wilyakali Aboriginal Corporation.[1] This corporation today runs Poolamacca Station and has also gone on to negotiate mining deals,[2] and Native Title Land Claims[3] Mutawintji National Park{{Main article|Mutawintji National Park}}The Wilyakali, are also joint managers of the Mutawintji National Park which is the first national park handed back to the traditional owners in NSW.[4] Areas of cultural significanceTraditional places of cultural significance include Mutawintji gullies.{{sfn|Madonna Magazine|2004}} Alternative names
Notes{{notelist}}Citations1. ^Wilyakali Aboriginal Corporation. at Business profiles.com. 2. ^Wilyakali in discussions over Mining Deal with Havilah Resources 3. ^NNTR 08/02/2012 SA - Registration decision - SC12/1-1 Wilyakali Native Title Group. 4. ^National Indigenous Land and Sea Management Conference 2010. References{{refbegin|30em}}
| last1 = Beckett | first1 = Jeremy | last2 = Hercus | first2 = Luise | author2-link = Luise Hercus | year = 2009 | publisher = Australian National University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_Irv7kvomAcC&pg=PA8 | isbn = 978-1-921-53693-9 | ref = harv }}
| last = Elkin | first = A. P. | author-link = A. P. Elkin | journal = Oceania | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–78 | date = September 1938 | jstor = 40327699 | ref = harv }}
| last1 = Hercus | first1 = Luise | last2 = Austin | first2 = Peter | author1-link = Luise Hercus | author2-link = Peter Austin (linguist) | title = Australian Languages: Classification and the comparative method | editor1-last = Bowern | editor1-first = Claire | editor1-link = Claire Bowern | editor2-last = Koch | editor2-first = Harold | year = 2004 | publisher = John Benjamins Publishing | pages = 207–222 | chapter-url = https://www.academia.edu/2099279/The_Yarli_languages | isbn = 978-9-027-29511-8 | ref = harv }}
| magazine = Madonna Magazine | url = http://www.madonnamagazine.com.au/articles/0403pike.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040430194106/http://www.madonnamagazine.com.au/articles/0403pike.html | date = 30 April 2004 | archive-date = 30 April 2004 | ref = {{harvid|Madonna Magazine|2004}} }}
| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | author-link = Norman Tindale | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | year = 1974 | publisher = Australian National University Press | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/wiljakali.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080724160017/http://www.samuseum.australia.sa.com/tindaletribes/wiljakali.htm | archive-date = 24 July 2008 | isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6 | ref = harv }}{{refend}}{{Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales}} 2 : Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales|Aboriginal peoples of South Australia |
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