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词条 Unconscious communication
释义

  1. Unconscious mind

  2. Intrapersonal

  3. Interpersonal

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Short description|Unconscious verbal and nonverbal cues}}Unconscious (or intuitive) communication is the subtle, unintentional, unconscious cues that provide information to another individual. It can be verbal (speech patterns, physical activity while speaking, or the tone of voice of an individual[1][2]) or it can be nonverbal (facial expressions and body language[2]). Some psychologists instead use the term honest signals because such cues are involuntary behaviors that often convey emotion whereas body language can be controlled.[3] Many decisions are based on unconscious communication, which is interpreted and created in the right hemisphere of the brain.[4] The right hemisphere is dominant in perceiving and expressing body language, facial expressions, verbal cues, and other indications that have to do with emotion but it does not exclusively deal with the unconscious.[4]

Little is known about the unconscious mind or about how decisions are made based on unconscious communications except that they are always unintentional. There are two types of unconscious communications: intrapersonal and interpersonal.

Research has shown that our{{Who|date=February 2016}} conscious attention can attend to 5–9 items simultaneously. All other information is processed by the unconscious mind. For example, the unconscious mind sometimes picks up on and relates nonverbal cues about an individual based on how they have arranged their settings such as their home or place of work.

Unconscious mind

Not much is known about the unconscious mind but it is believed to contain the biological instincts that humans act on every day, such as sex and aggression.[5] A person is completely unaware of what happens within the unconscious mind.

Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud made the concept of the unconscious popular; and he based most of his theories on psychoanalysis on the concept. According to Freud, the subconscious mind rests right below the conscious mind, and has easy access to the thoughts and feelings that are kept in this state — as opposed to the unconscious mind (access to which is, in Freud's view, impossible). Freud believed that we projected our unconscious emotions onto others.[4]

Intrapersonal

Intrapersonal communication is language use or thought internal to the communicator. It includes many mental activities such as thinking, calculating, planning, talking to one's self, internal monologue, day-dreaming.[9] Intrapersonal communication affects how people perceive themselves: either in a negative or positive way.[6] Joseph Jordania hypothesized that intrapersonal communication was created to avoid silence because as social creatures we{{Who|date=February 2016}} feel uncomfortable with extended periods of silence.[7] Intrapersonal unconscious communication is when dreams, previous experiences, or hypnosis affects a person’s choices or experiences unconsciously.[2]

Interpersonal

Interpersonal communication includes message sending and message reception between two or more individuals. This can include all aspects of communication such as listening, persuading, asserting, nonverbal communication, and more. Interpersonal unconscious communication includes unintentional facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, and speech patterns while interacting with another individual that the other individual interprets for their own knowledge.[2] Studies suggest that when presented with an emotional facial expression, participants instinctively react with movement in facial muscles that are mimicking the original facial expression.[8]

There are six different reasons for nonverbal communication:[9]

  1. Complementing: adding extra information to verbal communication
  2. Contradicting: our{{Who|date=February 2016}} nonverbal messages contradict our verbal messages
  3. Repeating: emphasize or clarify the verbal message
  4. Regulating: coordinate the verbal dialogue between people
  5. Substituting: when a nonverbal message is used in place of a verbal message
  6. Accenting: emphasizing a particular point in a verbal message

See also

{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
  • Rapport
  • Sympathy
  • Hypnosis
  • Telepathy
  • Body language
    • Eye contact
    • Facial expression
    • Human voice
    • Gesture
    • Postures
  • Subliminal message
  • Tacit knowledge
  • Unconscious mind
  • Unsaid

}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|last=Chandler|first=David|title=Tuning in to unconscious communication|url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/signals-1021.html|work=MIT News|accessdate=27 Feb 2012}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last=Ejim|first=Esther|title=What is unconscious communication?|url=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-unconscious-communication.htm|work=wiseGEEK|publisher=Conjecture Corporation|accessdate=27 Feb 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|last=Pentland|first=Alex|authorlink=Alex Pentland|title=The Impact of Unconscious Communication|url=http://gmj.gallup.com/content/122711/impact-unconscious-communication.aspx|work=Gallup Management Journal|accessdate=2012-03-03}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=Schore|first=Allen|title=Projective Identification, Unconscious Communication, and the Right Brain|url=http://www.continuingedcourses.net/active/courses/course064.php|work=Courses for Mental Health Professionals|publisher=ContinuingEdCourses|accessdate=2012-03-03}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Malandro, Barker, and Barker|first=Loretta A., Larry L., and Deborah Ann|title=Nonverbal Communication, 2nd ed|year=1989|publisher=Addison-Wesley|location=Reading, MA}}
6. ^1 {{cite book|last=Gill and Adams|first=David and Bridget|title=ABC of Communication Studies|year=1989|publisher=Nelson Thornes Ltd|isbn=978-0-333-46757-2|pages=94–95}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Jordania|first=Joseph|title=Times to Fight and Times to Relax: Singing and Humming at the Beginnings of Human Evolutionary History|year=2009|pages=272–277}}
8. ^{{cite journal|last=Dimberg|first=U.|author2=Thunberg, M |title=Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions|journal=Psychological Science|year=2000|volume=11|issue=1|pages=86–9|url=http://pss.sagepub.com/content/11/1/86|accessdate=March 5, 2012|doi=10.1111/1467-9280.00221|pmid=11228851}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Malandro, Barker & Barker|title=Nonverbal Communication, 2nd ed.|year=1989|publisher=Addison-Wesley|location=Reading, MA}}
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2 : Human communication|Unconscious
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