| 词条 | Barasat | ||
| 释义 |
| name = Barasat | other_name = | settlement_type = Neighbourhood in Kolkata (Calcutta) | image_skyline = Barasat railway station.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption = Barasat Junction railway station | nickname = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India | coordinates = {{coord|22.72|N|88.48|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = City | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name1 = West Bengal | subdivision_name2 = Kolkata | subdivision_name3 = North 24 Parganas | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Municipality | governing_body = Barasat Municipality | leader_title1 = Chairman | leader_name1 = Sunil Mukherjee[1] | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 34.06 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 4 | population_total = 278,235 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 700124, 700125, 700126, 700127 | area_code = +91 33 | area_code_type = Telephone code | registration_plate = WB | blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency | blank1_info_sec1 = Barasat | website = {{URL|north24parganas.nic.in/}} | footnotes = | leader_title2 = MP | leader_name2 = Kakali Ghosh Dastidar | leader_title3 = MLA | leader_name3 = Chiranjeet Chakraborty | demographics1_info1 = Bengali, English | blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency | blank2_info_sec1 = Barasat }} Barasat ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɑ:|r|ə|ˌ|s|ʌ|t|}}) is a city and a municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). It is the headquarters of the Barasat Sadar subdivision. It is also a regional transportation hub[2] at a rail and road junction. Several roads, including National Highway 12 (formerly NH 34, towards North Bengal), National Highway 112 (Jessore Road, leading to the Bangladesh border at Petrapole), and the road to Basirhat pass through the city. HistoryDuring the Mogul period, Sankar Chakraborty (a commander of the zamindar Pratapaditya and king of Jessore in present-day Bangladesh) came to Barasat in 1600 and established himself. In 1700, Hazarat Ekdil Shah moved to the town and was known as a social reformer. His tomb, in Kazipara, is a pilgrimage site for the Muslim community. Pratapaditya made his way to Kolkata from Jessore; Sirajudullah went to Kolkata from Murshidabad via Barasat, on a road which became two national highways. Under the British Raj, East India Company officials from Calcutta (Kolkata) made Barasat a weekend retreat and built houses with gardens. Warren Hastings built his villa in the heart of Barasat, and Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was the town's first Indian deputy magistrate. Indigo cultivation was a major industry, and indigo merchants were known for their inhumane treatment of farmers. Titumir, a farmer, fomented a revolution against indigo merchants in Barasat. Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, Pyari Charan Sarkar, and Kalikrishna Mitra were known for social reformation in the town, including women's education and widow remarriage. During the early nineteenth century, Barasat Cadet College trained new recruits and cadets from Europe; the college closed in 1811.[2][3]From 1834 to 1861, Barasat was the seat of Barasat District. The district became a subdivision of the Twenty-four Parganas district in 1861,[2] and Barasat is the headquarters of North 24 Parganas district.[4] {{anchor|Geography|Climate}}Geography and climateBarasat is located in eastern India's Ganges Delta. The Bangladesh border, at Petrapole, is {{convert|70|–|80|km}} from the city. Its average elevation is {{convert|11|m}}. The nearest river is the Ganges, about {{convert|15|km}} to the west, and it is on the Gangetic plain. Barasat has a tropical climate similar to the rest West Bengal. The region experiences a monsoon from early June to mid-September. The climate is dry in winter (mid-November to mid-February) and humid in summer. {{Kolkata weatherbox}}DemographicsAccording to the 2011 Indian census, Barasat had a total population of 278,235; 140,882 (51 %) were males and 137,613 (49 %) females, and 22,605 were under age six. The literacy rate was 89.69 percent of the population over age six (229,279 people).[5] The town's population increased from 237,783 in 2001. The literacy rate that year was 77 percent, higher than the national average of 59.5 percent. Of the literate population, 54 percent were male and 46 percent female.[6] Barasat was part of the Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census.[7] EconomyCotton weaving is Barasat's major industry, and the town is a trade centre for rice, legumes, sugarcane, potatoes, and coconuts.[8] About 32,00,000 people commute daily from around the city to Kolkata. Fifty-eight trains transport commuters from 24 stations in the town's Sealdah-Bangaon section, and 32 trains carry commuters from 30 stations in the Seadah-Hasnabad section.[9] {{anchor|Barasat Municipality}}AdministrationAlthough Barasat Municipality was established on 1 April 1869, it had no independent existence until 1882. It was controlled by the magistrate office (and its magistrate), without a chairman. In 1882, Barasat Municipality was formed and a local government was created. Barasat Association, a citizen organization, donated land for the construction of municipal buildings. Barasat is divided into 29 mouzas. There were originally four wards, later increasing to 18. After surrounding panchayats were incorporated in 1995, the number of wards increased to 32. In 2015, before the municipal election, the number of wards increased to 35.[4] Barasat is part of the Kolkata Metropolitan Area, for which the KMDA is the statutory planning and development authority.[10] The KMDA manages the area's infrastructure development.[11] The district court handles local and national cases. The Barasat police have a jurisdiction of {{convert|4.6|km2|sqmi}}, and serves a population of 417,663 in the Barasat municipal area. There are two police outposts (in Barasat and Badu), and a women's police station in the town.[12] {{anchor|Zilla Parishad (District Council)}}Zilla Parishad (district council)The Zilla Parishad of North 24 Parganas was founded on 26 June 1986, with the north-south bifurcation of the 24 Parganas district. The highest tier of the three-tier panchayati raj system, its headquarters are at Barasat. It has six riverine panchayat samitis in the Sundarbans, which has a saline tract on one side and rich alluvial tracts of the Ichamati River basin and industrial belt of Barrackpore on the other side. Its territory extends on the east to the Bangladesh border.[13] Transport{{anchor|Roads}}RoadBarasat is connected by road to Kolkata, North Bengal, Bangladesh and other West Bengal cities; many of the routes originate from the bus terminal. National Highways 24 and 35 and State Highway 2 run through the town. Barasat is a road junction. NH 12 (formerly Krishnanagar Road) runs to North Bengal and is the major link between Kolkata and North-East India. Jessore Road (NH 112) leads to Bongaon and the Bangladesh border at Petrapole. Taki Road leads to Basirhat, Hasnabad and Taki via Berachampa. Barrackpore Road links National Highway 112 at Barasat with the Kalyani Expressway and Barrackpore. Crossroads include:
RailThe town is connected by rail to Sealdah, Bongaon and Basirhat. Barasat is 22 km from the Sealdah railway station on the Sealdah–Bangaon branch line, and is at one end of the Barasat-Basirhat-Hasnabad branch line of the Eastern Railway zone.[14] Barasat Junction is the town's main rail station, on the Bongaon line (North Section). This junction is where the Bongaon and Hasnabad-Basirhat lines of Kolkata Suburban Railway separate. The Barasat–Basirhat Railway, originally operated by Martin's Light Railways, is a section (BT-HNB) of the Sealdah division of Eastern Railway. The town has two other rail stations: Hridaypur (on the Sealdah-Bongaon line) and Kazipara (on the Barasat-Hasnabad line). AirBarasat is served by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, about 11 km away, with domestic and international terminals. CultureBarasat's culture is characteristic of small towns in Bengal. The middle class participates in the Bengali cultural traditions of drama, recitation, classical music, songs, and dances; young people publish little magazines and run social programs, such as health check-up camps. The town has religious ashrams, such as Pranabananda, Prabhu Jagadbandhu, Shibananda Dham, Shankar Moth O Mission, Sree Sree Yogashram and Hazarat Ekdil Shah Darga. There are several Christian churches in Barasat, including the Assemblies of God church on the NH34. Events and activities are organized throughout the year. Cultural diversity has increased, with people coming from elsewhere in India and Bangladesh. Rabindra Bhavan is a cultural building erected by the West Bengal State Cultural Department on Jessore Road. Muslims and Hindus have attended an annual fair held in honor of a Muslim saint, Hazrat Ekdil Shah, for centuries. Clubs organize another event, Kalipuja, in which the community joins. EducationBarasat's schools are run by the state government or private organizations. The schools primarily use English or Bengali as the medium of instruction. They are affiliated with the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), or the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. Under the 10+2+3 plan, after completing their secondary education students typically enroll in a school with a higher secondary facility affiliated with West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education, CISCE or CBSE. Students usually choose from one of three streams (liberal arts, commerce or science), although vocational streams are also available. Upon completing the required coursework, students may enroll in a general- or professional-degree programme. The town's secondary-education system includes Barasat Peary Charan Sarkar Government High School, Barasat Mahatma Gandhi Memorial High School, Nabapally Boys' High School, Kalikrishna Girls' High School, The Central Modern School, Barasat Satya Bharati Vidya Pith, Auxilium Convent School , Aditya Academy (Senior Secondary) and Barasat Indira Gandhi Memorial High School. {{anchor|Colleges/University}}Colleges and universities
SportsBarasat Stadium hosts Calcutta Football League matches and district-, state- and occasional national-level volleyball and football tournaments. The Barasat Sub-Division Sports Association, founded in 1940, has 24 fully affiliated and 15 sectionally affiliated clubs. Residents play football, cricket and traditional Indian sports such as kabbadi and kho-kho. HealthcareThe North 24 Parganas District Hospital (Barasat State General Hospital) is the town's major healthcare facility. Barasat Cancer Research and Welfare Center is a treatment and research facility, and the town has several privately operated nursing homes and hospitals. {{anchor|Notable persons}}Notable residents{{wikisource|1=Haughton, Graves Champney (DNB00)|2=Graves Haughton}}Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the deputy magistrate of 24 Parganas during the 19th century. Graves Haughton became a cadet in 1808, and received his first commission on 13 March 1810 from Barasat cadet institution. Haughton was fluent in Indian (Hindustani) languages, and received the sword of merit and a monetary award from the Barasat institution. He studied regional languages at the College of Fort William in Calcutta, receiving seven medals, three degrees of honor and monetary awards for proficiency in Arabic, Persian, Hindustani (Hindi), Sanskrit and Bengali. Haughton was a lieutenant, a noted orientalist, a Knight of The Royal Guelphic Order, a member of the Asiatic Society and a published author.[15][16]References1. ^Official District Administration site {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070115061456/http://north24parganas.nic.in/municipality.html |date=15 January 2007 }} 2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Hunter|first=William Wilson|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India|publisher=Trübner & co.|year=1885|page=123}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Mortimer |title=The Cambridge History of India|publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP)|year=1935|page=161}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://jnnurmwestbengal.gov.in/PDF/ULB_ProfilesPDF/Barasat/Barasat%20muni%20profile.pdf |title=Barasat |publisher=jnnurmwestbengal.gov.in |accessdate=5 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402174619/http://jnnurmwestbengal.gov.in/PDF/ULB_ProfilesPDF/Barasat/Barasat%20muni%20profile.pdf |archivedate=2 April 2012 |df=dmy }} 5. ^{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 29 May 2018 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=1 November 2008|work= |publisher= Census Commission of India}} 7. ^{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher= Census of India 2011 | accessdate = 30 May 2018}} 8. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Barasat|title=Barasat {{!}} India|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2017-11-23|language=en}} 9. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.indiansss.org/pdf/pdfset-8/issueset-9/Art_017.pdf | title = The Suburban Railway Network of Kolkata: A Geographical Apprisal| first=Teesta|last=Dey | publisher = eTraverse, the Indian journal of spatial science, 2012 | accessdate = 3 June 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://kmdaonline.org/home/download/QVRNUU5QNW5kK1dCRDQ3V0pmRXBqQitJRU9kS1k1WEhRblBLdmc1ZVZNMW5WZlZRTHRLd0hxUHc4dlk2VWQ4WmhueGdBSURnc0w2OUZqZzl4WXFTRVE9PQ==|title=Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authoity, Annual Report 2010-11|work=1/1 Kolkata Metropolitan Area Map|publisher=KMDA|accessdate=4 June 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://kmdaonline.org/home/download/MTFVek5Lc3UrYmJ4R0xLM3ZqRTdKQWJlK2tJV3BicHZGNjB1Uldpa0JLTXM0RHd6Q29vWXViQlBLSmNPQkZsZW5hcDFwM1VaUTQwaHJlVDQ5NG5FeWc9PQ==|title=Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority, Annual Report 2010-11|work=1 / 2 Role of KMDA|publisher=KMDA|accessdate=4 June 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web| url = http://n24pgspolice.in/home/police-station.php |title = North 24 Parganas Dist. Police| work= Know Your Police Station|publisher= District Police| accessdate = 4 June 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://north24parganas.gov.in/n24p/zp/page.php?nm=Zilla_Parishad|title=Barasat Zilla Parishad|publisher=north24parganas.gov.in|accessdate=21 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003035942/http://north24parganas.gov.in/n24p/zp/page.php?nm=Zilla_Parishad|archive-date=3 October 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 14. ^Eastern Railway timetable. 15. ^Dictionary of National Biography 16. ^http://odnb2.ifactory.com/view/article/12611{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} External links{{EB1911 poster|Barasat}}
4 : Barasat|Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district|Kolkata Metropolitan Area|Neighbourhoods in Kolkata |
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