| 词条 | 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| tourney_name = FIFA Women's World Cup | other_titles = 1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&Ms Cup 1991 | year = 1991 | country = China | dates = {{Nowrap|16–30 November}} | name = | image = 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup.jpg | size = 140px | caption = Official logo | num_teams = 12 | confederations = 6 | venues = 6 | cities = 4 | champion_other = {{fbw|USA}} | second_other = {{fbw|NOR}} | third_other = {{fbw|SWE}} | fourth_other = {{fbw|GER}} | count = 1 | matches = 26 | goals = 99 | attendance = 510000 | top_scorer = {{flagicon|USA}} Michelle Akers-Stahl (10 goals) | player = {{flagicon|USA}} Carin Jennings | nextseason = 1995 }} The 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup was the inaugural FIFA Women's World Cup, the world championship for women's national association football teams.[1][2] It took place in Guangdong, China from 16 to 30 November 1991. FIFA, football's international governing body selected China as host nation as Guangdong had hosted a prototype world championship three years earlier, the 1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament. Matches were played in the state capital, Guangzhou, as well as in Foshan, Jiangmen and Zhongshan. The competition was sponsored by Mars, Incorporated. With FIFA still reluctant to bestow their "World Cup" brand, the tournament was officially known as the 1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&M's Cup.[3] It was won by the United States,[4] whose captain April Heinrichs formed a forward line dubbed the "triple–edged sword" with Carin Jennings and Michelle Akers-Stahl. Jennings was named player of the tournament while Akers-Stahl's ten goals won the Golden Shoe.[5] The United States beat Norway 2–1 in the final in front of a crowd of 65,000 people at Guangzhou's Tianhe Stadium.[6] Total attendance was 510,000, an average per match of 19,615. In the opening match at the same stadium, Norway had been defeated 4–0 by hosts China. Chinese defender Ma Li scored the first goal in Women's World Cup history, while goalkeeper Zhong Honglian, also of China, posted the first official "clean sheet" in the tournament. The 12 qualified teams were divided into three groups of four (A to C). The top two teams and the two best third-place finishers from the three groups advanced to the knockout round of eight teams. Venues
Teams{{main article|1991 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification}}Twelve teams qualified for the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup final tournament. Each of the six FIFA confederations had at least one representative.
SquadsFor a list of the squads that disputed the final tournament, see 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup squads. Match officialsFor the first time in FIFA competition, six female officials were included. All functioned as assistant referees, except for Cláudia Vasconcelos who took charge of the third place play–off; becoming the first woman to referee a match sanctioned by FIFA.[7][8] {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
|} Tournament reviewFIFA's technical report demonstrates that, after the tournament, players and officials were undecided whether to persist with 80 minute matches, or to change to 90 minutes in line with men's football. Opinion was also divided about the suitability of using a size five football. Some teams reported difficulty in sourcing good quality equipment in the correct size.[9]The tournament was considered a major success in the quality of play and attendances at the games. FIFA president João Havelange wrote that:[10] {{Cquote|"As president of FIFA it was a special pleasure for me to watch these young ladies playing with such flair and such elegance, and according to the reports of the many media representatives present, making the game truly into a celebration ... women's football is now well and truly established."}}The perceived success of the tournament was a significant factor in the subsequent inclusion of women's football in the 1996 Summer Olympics.[11] Sue Lopez reported that although attendances were very high, many tickets were complimentary. The "novelty factor" of women from foreign lands playing football also encouraged local people to attend.[12] Group stageGroup A
| date = 16 November 1991 | time = 20:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|CHN}} | score = 4–0 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=22004/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|NOR}} | goals1 = Ma {{goal|22}} Liu {{goal|45||50}} Sun Q. {{goal|75}} | goals2 = | stadium = Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou | attendance = 65,000 | referee = Salvador Marcone (Chile) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 17 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|DEN}} | score = 3–0 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21930/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|NZL}} | goals1 = Jensen {{goal|15||40}} MacKensie {{goal|42}} | goals2 = | stadium = Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou | attendance = 14,000 | referee = Omer Yengo (Congo) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 19 November 1991 | time = 15:30 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|NOR}} | score = 4–0 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21984/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|NZL}} | goals1 = Campbell {{goal|30|o.g.}} Medalen {{goal|32||38}} Riise {{goal|49}} | goals2 = | stadium = Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou | attendance = 12,000 | referee = Salvador Marcone (Chile) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 19 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|CHN}} | score = 2–2 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21931/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|DEN}} | goals1 = Sun W. {{goal|37}} Wei {{goal|76}} | goals2 = Kolding {{goal|24}} Nissen {{goal|55}} | stadium = Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou | attendance = 27,000 | referee = Vassilios Nikkakis (Greece) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 21 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|CHN}} | score = 4–1 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21953/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|NZL}} | goals1 = Zhou {{goal|20}} Liu {{goal|22||60}} Wu {{goal|24}} | goals2 = Nye {{goal|65}} | stadium = New Plaza Stadium, Foshan | attendance = 14,000 | referee = Gyanu Raja Shresta (Nepal) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 21 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|NOR}} | score = 2–1 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=22005/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|DEN}} | goals1 = Svensson {{goal|14|pen.}} Medalen {{goal|56}} | goals2 = Thychosen {{goal|54|pen.}} | stadium = Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu | attendance = 15,500 | referee = Vadim Zhuk (Soviet Union) | nobars=1 }} Group B
| date = 17 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|JPN}} | score = 0–1 | report = [https://jogosdaselecaobrasileira.wordpress.com/1991/11/17/selecao-feminina-brasil-1-x-0-japao/ (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|BRA}} | goals1 = | goals2 = Elane {{goal|4}} | stadium = New Plaza Stadium, Foshan | attendance = 14,000 | referee = Lu Jun (China) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 17 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|SWE}} | score = 2–3 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21958/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|USA}} | goals1 = Videkull {{goal|65}} I. Johansson {{goal|71}} | goals2 = Jennings {{goal|40||49}} Hamm {{goal|62}} | stadium = Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu | attendance = 14,000 | referee = John Toro Rendón (Colombia) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 19 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|JPN}} | score = 0–8 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21959/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|SWE}} | goals1 = | goals2 = Videkull {{goal|1||11}} Andelen {{goal|15||60}} Lundgren {{goal|25}} Nilsson {{goal|27}} Sundhage {{goal|35}} Yamaguchi {{goal|70|o.g.}} | stadium = New Plaza Stadium, Foshan | attendance = 14,000 | referee = Gyanu Raja Shresta (Nepal) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 19 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|BRA}} | score = 0–5 | report = [https://jogosdaselecaobrasileira.wordpress.com/1991/11/19/selecao-feminina-brasil-0-x-5-estados-unidos/ (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|USA}} | goals1 = | goals2 = Heinrichs {{goal|23||35}} Jennings {{goal|38}} Akers-Stahl {{goal|39}} Hamm {{goal|63}} | stadium = Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu | attendance = 15,500 | referee = Vadim Zhuk (Soviet Union) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 21 November 1991 | time = 15:30 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|JPN}} | score = 0–3 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21962/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|USA}} | goals1 = | goals2 = Akers-Stahl {{goal|20||37}} Gebauer {{goal|39}} | stadium = New Plaza Stadium, Foshan | attendance = 14,000 | referee = John Toro Rendón (Colombia) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 21 November 1991 | time = 15:30 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|BRA}} | score = 0–2 | report = [https://jogosdaselecaobrasileira.wordpress.com/1991/11/21/selecao-feminina-brasil-0-x-2-suecia/ (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|SWE}} | goals1 = | goals2 = Sundhage {{goal|42|pen.}} Hedberg {{goal|56}} | stadium = Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu | attendance = 12,000 | referee = Lu Jun (China) | nobars=1 }} Group C
| date = 17 November 1991 | time = 15:30 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|GER}} | score = 4–0 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21985/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|NGA}} | goals1 = Neid {{goal|16}} Mohr {{goal|32||34}} Gottschlich {{goal|57}} | goals2 = | stadium = Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen | attendance = 14,000 | referee = Rafael Medina (El Salvador) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 17 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = Chinese Taipei | score = 0–5 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21963/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|ITA}} | goals1 = | goals2 = Ferraguzzi {{goal|15}} Marsiletti {{goal|29}} Morace {{goal|37||52||66}} | stadium = Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen | attendance = 11,000 | referee = Fethi Boucetta (Tunisia) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 19 November 1991 | time = 15:30 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|ITA}} | score = 1–0 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21986/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|NGA}} | goals1 = Morace {{goal|68}} | goals2 = | stadium = Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan | attendance = 12,000 | referee = Jim McCluskey (Scotland) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 19 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = Chinese Taipei | score = 0–3 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21969/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|GER}} | goals1 = | goals2 = Wiegmann {{goal|10|pen.}} Mohr {{goal|21||50}} | stadium = Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan | attendance = 10,000 | referee = Fethi Boucetta (Tunisia) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 21 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = Chinese Taipei | score = 2–0 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21971/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|NGA}} | goals1 = Lin {{goal|38}} Chou {{goal|55}} | goals2 = | stadium = Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen | attendance = 14,000 | referee = Rafael Medina (El Salvador) | nobars=1 }}{{footballbox | date = 21 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|ITA}} | score = 0–2 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1309/match=21972/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|GER}} | goals1 = | goals2 = Mohr {{goal|67}} Unsleber {{goal|79}} | stadium = Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan | attendance = 12,000 | referee = Jim McCluskey (Scotland) | nobars=1 }} Ranking of third-placed teams
Knockout stageBracket{{Round8|3rdplace=yes| 24 November — Foshan | {{fbw|USA}} | 7 | Chinese Taipei | 0 | 24 November — Zhongshan | {{fbw|GER}} | 2 | {{fbw|DEN}} | 1 | 24 November — Guangzhou | {{fbw|CHN}} | 0 | {{fbw|SWE}} | 1 | 24 November — Jiangmen | {{fbw|NOR}} | 3 | {{fbw|ITA}} | 2 | 27 November — Guangzhou | {{fbw|USA}} | 5 | {{fbw|GER}} | 2 | 27 November — Panyu | {{fbw|SWE}} | 1 | {{fbw|NOR}} | 4 | 30 November — Guangzhou | {{fbw|USA}} | 2 | {{fbw|NOR}} | 1 | 29 November — Guangzhou | {{fbw|SWE}} | 4 | {{fbw|GER}} | 0 }} Quarter-finals{{footballbox| date = 24 November 1991 | time = 15:30 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|GER}} | score = 2–1 (a.e.t.) | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1313/match=9986/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|DEN}} | goals1 = Wiegmann {{goal|17|pen.}} Mohr {{goal|98}} | goals2 = MacKensie {{goal|25|pen.}} | stadium = Zhongshan Stadium, Zhongshan | attendance = 12,000 | referee = Vassilios Nikkakis (Greece) | nobars=1 }} {{footballbox | date = 24 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|CHN}} | score = 0–1 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1313/match=21973/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|SWE}} | goals1 = | goals2 = Sundhage {{goal|3}} | stadium = Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou | attendance = 55,000 | referee = John Toro Rendón (Colombia) | nobars=1 }} {{footballbox | date = 24 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|NOR}} | score = 3–2 (a.e.t.) | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1313/match=9985/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|ITA}} | goals1 = Hegstad {{goal|22}} Carlsen {{goal|67}} Svensson {{goal|96|pen.}} | goals2 = Salmaso {{goal|31}} Guarino {{goal|80}} | stadium = Jiangmen Stadium, Jiangmen | attendance = 13,000 | referee = Rafael Medina (El Salvador) | nobars=1 }} {{footballbox | date = 24 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|USA}} | score = 7–0 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1313/match=21974/index.html (Report)] | team2 = Chinese Taipei | goals1 = Akers-Stahl {{goal|8||29||33||44|pen.|48}} Foudy {{goal|38}} Biefield {{goal|79}} | goals2 = | stadium = New Plaza Stadium, Foshan | attendance = 12,000 | referee = Omer Yengo (Congo) | nobars=1 }} Semi-finals{{footballbox| date = 27 November 1991 | time = 15:30 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|SWE}} | score = 1–4 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1314/match=9988/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|NOR}} | goals1 = Videkull {{goal|6}} | goals2 = Svensson {{goal|39|pen.}} Medalen {{goal|41||77}} Carlsen {{goal|67}} | stadium = Ying Dong Stadium, Panyu | attendance = 16,000 | referee = Jim McCluskey (Scotland) | nobars=1 }} {{footballbox | date = 27 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|USA}} | score = 5–2 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1314/match=9989/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|GER}} | goals1 = Jennings {{goal|10||22||33}} Heinrichs {{goal|54||75}} | goals2 = Mohr {{goal|34}} Wiegmann {{goal|63}} | stadium = Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou | attendance = 15,000 | referee = Salvador Marcone (Chile) | nobars=1 }} Third place play-off{{footballbox| date = 29 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|SWE}} | score = 4–0 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1315/match=9990/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|GER}} | goals1 = Andelen {{goal|7}} Sundhage {{goal|11}} Videkull {{goal|29}} Nilsson {{goal|43}} | goals2 = | stadium = Guangdong Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou | attendance = 20,000 | referee = Claudia Vasconcelos (Brazil) | nobars=1 }} Final{{main article|1991 FIFA Women's World Cup Final}}{{footballbox| date = 30 November 1991 | time = 19:45 | team1 = {{fbw-rt|USA}} | score = 2–1 | report = [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=1316/match=9991/index.html (Report)] | team2 = {{fbw|NOR}} | goals1 = Akers-Stahl {{goal|20||78}} | goals2 = Medalen {{goal|29}} | stadium = Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou | attendance = 63,000 | referee = Vadim Zhuk (Soviet Union) | nobars=1 }} AwardsThe following awards were given for the tournament:[13]
Goal scorersMichelle Akers-Stahl of the United States won the Golden Shoe award for scoring ten goals. In total, 99 goals were scored from 45 different players with two of them credited as own goals.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
References1. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PqeXWNVkXI&feature=BFp&list=WL42C4FC89F763B0C6 | title = Raising Their Game: An introduction | publisher = YouTube | date = | accessdate = 21 August 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkJ4nXznUVg&feature=BFa&list=WL42C4FC89F763B0C6 | title = Raising Their Game: Passing the test | publisher = YouTube | date = 5 June 2012 | accessdate = 21 August 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.topofthecircle.com/OMwusa1.html | title = WUSA opening a feast for the eyes – and ears | publisher = TopOfTheCircle.com | accessdate = 21 April 2013 | first=Al | last = Mattei}} 4. ^{{cite web | last = Ciapala | first = Derek | url = https://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/news?slug=ycn-8660165 | title = History of the FIFA Women's World Cup, 1991–present – World Soccer – Yahoo! Sports | publisher=Sports.yahoo.com | date = 18 June 2012 | accessdate = 1 August 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web | url = http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/1999/womens_worldcup/history/index.html | title = CNN/SI – Women's World Cup – Women's World Cup History – Thursday February 11, 1999 06:04 PM | publisher = Sportsillustrated.cnn.com | date = | accessdate = 1 August 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83Q4PSuR34c | title = Raising Their Game: Blazing the way in 1991 | publisher = YouTube | date = 12 June 2012 | accessdate = 21 August 2012}} 7. ^{{harvnb|Lopez|1997|p=195}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=103/edition=3373/overview.html |title=FIFA Women's World Cup – China PR 1991 |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=21 April 2013 |quote=In keeping with the true spirit of the celebration, six female referees or assistant referees were appointed among match officials for the first time in FIFA history. Claudia de Vasconcelos of Brazil, the referee for the 3rd-place match, became the first woman to officiate at this level for FIFA. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311200025/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament%3D103/edition%3D3373/overview.html |archivedate=11 March 2013 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/08/19/wwc_91_tr_part2_260.pdf | title = FIFA Women's World Cup China '91 – Technical Report & Statistics | publisher = FIFA| accessdate = 20 April 2013}} 10. ^{{harvnb|Lopez|1997|p=173}} 11. ^{{harvnb|Lopez|1997|p=175}} 12. ^{{harvnb|Lopez|1997|p=207}} 13. ^[https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/archive/chinapr1991/awards/index.html Awards 1991] Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links
8 : 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup|FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments|Sport in Guangdong|International women's association football competitions hosted by China|1991 in women's association football|1991 in Chinese football|November 1991 sports events|1991 in Chinese women's sport |
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