| 词条 | Bu-Ma Democratic Protests |
| 释义 |
| title = Bu-Ma Democratic Protest | date = 16–20 October 1979 | place = Busan, Masan, South Korea | causes = Yushin dictatorship of Park Chung-hee | goals = Democratization | methods = Protest | status = | result = Several civilian and military casualties | side1 = Busan, Masan citizenry | side2 =
| side3 = | howmany1 = Over 10,000 | howmany2 = | howmany3 = | casualties1 = Arrested: 1058 Detained: 125 | casualties2 = | notes = }} The Bu-Ma Democratic Protests ({{ko-hhrm|부마민주항쟁|釜馬民主抗爭|Buma Minju Hangjaeng}}; or {{ko-hhrm|부마민중항쟁|釜馬民衆抗爭|Buma Minjung Hangjaeng}}) against the Yushin regime ({{lang|ko|유신정권}}), took place between 16 and 20 October 1979 in Busan and Masan (now Changwon), South Korea). Students from Pusan National University began demonstrations calling for the abolition of the Yushin regime. On 17 October the protests grew to include citizens and spread to Masan on 18 and 19 October.[1] President Park Chung-hee declared martial law on 18 October and referred 66 people to military court.[2] On 20 October, Park invoked the Garrison Act. The army was mobilized, and 59 civilians were brought to military court. BackgroundThe 1978 National Assembly election was held in December and was influenced by the government. Nevertheless, the ruling Republican Party was defeated by the New Democratic Party. In August 1979, female workers of the YH Trading Company ({{lang|ko|YH무역주식회사}}) performed a lockout at the headquarters of the New Democratic Party. Because of the lockout, the ruling Republican Party expelled Kim Young-sam[3] from the National Assembly, leading to the resignation of all opposition party members from the National Assembly. ProgressThe protests history is as follows:[4]
InfluenceThis incident incited conflict inside the government, which led in turn to an early ending of the Yushin regime that was maintained by an emergency measure. The protest influenced the Gwangju Uprising and the June Democracy Movement.[5] AftermathDemocracy Park was built in 1999, and a monument was erected to honor the participants of the protests.[6]See also{{Portal|South Korea|Social movements}}
References1. ^{{cite web|title = 부마민주항쟁이란?(What is Bu-Ma Democratic Protests?)|url = http://www.buma.go.kr/subpage.php?p=m31|website = 부마민주항쟁 진상규명 및 관련자 명예회복 심의위원회 (Bu-Ma Democratic Protests truth ascertainment · compensation committee)|accessdate = 13 December 2015|language=Korean}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Yi|first1=Pyŏng-chʻŏn|title=Developmental Dictatorship and the Park Chung-hee Era: The Shaping of Modernity in the Republic of Korea|year=2006|publisher=Homa & Sekey Books|page=236|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=DjQBBU8GQbQC|accessdate=13 December 2015|isbn=9781931907286}} 3. ^{{Cite web|title = 의원직 제명당한 김영삼(Kim Young-sam issue of the remarks expulsion on a parliamentary seat in detention)|url = http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/photos/1990000000.html?cid=PYH20151122012700013&input=1196m|website = 연합뉴스 (Yeonhap News)|accessdate = 13 December 2015|date = 22 November 2015}} 4. ^{{Cite web|title = (Bu-Ma Democratic Protests) 부마민주항쟁 [釜馬民主抗爭]|url = https://www.doopedia.co.kr/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view&MAS_IDX=101013000844817|website = Doopedia|accessdate = 14 December 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=[역사이야기] 단 한번도 왕의 목을 치지 못한… |url=http://h21.hani.co.kr/section-021075000/2001/021075000200102140346036.html |website=Han Hong-gu ({{lang|ko|한홍구}}), 《단 한번도 왕의 목을 치지 못한…》 |date=14 February 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102144519/http://legacy.h21.hani.co.kr/section-021075000/2001/021075000200102140346036.html |archive-date=21 November 2015 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 6. ^{{Cite web|title = 부산 민주공원 (Busan Democratic Park)|url = http://www.demopark.or.kr/demopark/demopark_01.asp|website = www.demopark.or.kr|accessdate = 14 December 2015|language = Korean|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222162308/http://www.demopark.or.kr/demopark/demopark_01.asp|archivedate = 22 December 2015|df = dmy-all}} 5 : 1979 in South Korea|Conflicts in 1979|Fourth Republic of South Korea|Social movements in South Korea|History of Busan |
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