| 词条 | Donner Memorial State Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Donner Memorial State Park | iucn_category = | photo = Donner Memorial State Park.jpg | photo_caption = Donner Lake from Donner Memorial State Park | map = USA California#USA | relief = 1 | location = Nevada and Placer Counties, California, USA | nearest_city = Truckee, California | coordinates = {{coords|39|19|12|N|120|14|30|W|region:US-CA|display=inline, title}} | area_acre = 3293 | established = 1928 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = California Department of Parks and Recreation | embedded1 = {{Infobox NRHP | embed = yes | name = Donner Camp | nrhp_type = nhl | designated_other1 = California | designated_other1_number = 134[1] | designated_other1_num_position = both | image = Donner Party Memorial.jpg | caption = The Donner Party Memorial at Donner Memorial State Park | nearest_city = Truckee, California | locmapin = California#USA | area = | built = 1846 | designated_nrhp_type = January 20, 1961[2] | added = October 15, 1966 | governing_body = State | refnum=66000218[3] }} }} Donner Memorial State Park is a state park of California, USA, preserving the site of the Donner Camp, where members of the ill-fated Donner Party were trapped by weather during the winter of 1846–1847. Caught without shelter or adequate supplies, members of the group resorted to cannibalism to survive. The Sierra Nevada site has been designated a National Historic Landmark. The state park contains the Emigrant Trail Museum and the Pioneer Monument dedicated to the travelers of the Emigrant Trail. Donner Memorial State Park is located outside Truckee, California. It has {{convert|2.5|mi|km}} of hiking trails, campgrounds, and {{convert|3|mi|km}} of lake frontage on Donner Lake. The {{convert|3293|acre|ha|adj=on}} park was established in 1928.[4] Donner Memorial State Park Visitor CenterThe Donner Memorial State Park Visitor Center contains exhibits about the cultural history of the area, including local Native Americans, the Donner Party, and builders of the First Transcontinental Railroad. Near the museum is the Pioneer Monument and the Donner Party's Murphy family cabin site. Park staff offer hikes, special presentations and campfires by the museum. Pioneer MonumentThe Pioneer Monument was erected in honor of all who made the difficult trek across the western plains and mountains to reach California during the 1840s. Work on the monument, constructed near the site of the cabins that gave shelter to the Donner Party, began in 1901. On June 6, 1918, in a ceremony that included Donner Party survivors, the Native Sons of the Golden West donated the completed monument and 11 surrounding acres to the State of California. The plaque on the front of the Pioneer Statue reads: VIRILE TO RISK AND FIND; KINDLY WITHAL AND A READY HELP. FACING THE BRUNT OF FATE; INDOMITABLE,—UNAFRAID. The plaque on the rear of the Pioneer Statue reads: NEAR THIS SPOT STOOD THE BREEN CABIN OF THE PARTY OF EMIGRANTS WHO STARTED FOR CALIFORNIA FROM SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, IN APRIL 1846, UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF CAPTAIN GEORGE DONNER. DELAYS OCCURRED AND WHEN THE PARTY REACHED THIS LOCALITY, ON OCTOBER 29, THE TRUCKEE PASS EMIGRANT ROAD WAS CONCEALED BY SNOW. THE HEIGHT OF THE SHAFT OF THE MONUMENT INDICATES THE DEPTH OF THE SNOW, WHICH WAS TWENTY-TWO FEET. AFTER FUTILE EFFORTS TO CROSS THE SUMMIT THE PARTY WAS COMPELLED TO ENCAMP FOR THE WINTER. THE GRAVES CABIN WAS SITUATED ABOUT THREE-QUARTERS OF A MILE TO THE EASTWARD, THE MURPHY CABIN ABOUT TWO HUNDRED YARDS SOUTHWEST OF THE MONUMENT, AND THE DONNER TENTS WERE AT THE HEAD OF ALDER CREEK. NINETY PEOPLE WERE IN THE PARTY AND FORTY-TWO PERISHED, MOST OF THEM FROM STARVATION AND EXPOSURE. From the museum a trail leads about {{convert|200|yd}} to the large granite boulder against which was built the cabin that sheltered members of the Murphy, Pike, Foster, and Eddy families during the winter of 1846–47. A plaque on the boulder's face reads: THE FACE OF THIS ROCK FORMED THE NORTH END AND THE FIREPLACE OF THE MURPHY CABIN. GENERAL STEPHEN W. KEARNY, ON JUNE 22, 1847, BURIED UNDER THE MIDDLE OF THE CABIN THE BODIES FOUND IN THE VICINITY. FOLLOWING IS A COMPLETE LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE DONNER PARTY WHO OCCUPIED THE VARIOUS CABINS AND TENTS.This is followed by a list of the members of the Donner Party, divided into "Survived" and "Perished." (Some of the information on this plaque is inaccurate, however.)[5] The Moses Schallenberger plaque reads: SCHALLENBERGER CABIN SITE \\ Near this spot stood a small cabin built by 18-year-old Moses Schallenberger and two other men. They were members of the Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party of 1844, the first pioneers to take wagons over the Sierra Nevada, opening the Truckee Route of the California Trail. The three men had volunteered to remain behind and guard six of the wagons left here by the main party. \\ Due to extreme winter weather conditions and lack of food, the three men agreed to separate. The two older men rejoined the wagon party, but due to his weakened physical condition, Moses Schallenberger chose to remain at the cabin. The young man survived for nearly three months alone in the small cabin during the winter of 1844–45 before being rescued. His cabin would later provide shelter for the Breen family, members of the ill-fated Donner Party, who were stranded here in 1846–47. \\ The courage and resolution of Moses Schallenberger during his solitary winter ordeal in this cabin makes him one of the true heroes in the saga of the California Trail. \\ Dedicated August 19, 1995 \\ Nevada County Historical Landmarks Commission \\ Calif. Dept. of Parks and Recreation \\ Nev-01-95 \\ This monument was made possible through the generosity of many groups and individuals committed to the preservation of the California Trail. Proposed for closureDonner Memorial State Park was one of 48 California state parks proposed for closure in August 2009 due to budget cuts. Due to public opposition, the closures were not carried out. ClimateThe park has either a Mediterranean climate or a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dsb/Csb) with cold, snowy winters and warm, dry summers. Winters are cold with a January average of {{convert|27.2|°F|1}} and temperatures below {{convert|0|°F|1}} occur on 7.8 days per year.[6] Most of the precipitation falls during the winter months with an average precipitation of {{convert|20.16|in|sigfig=3}} and an average snowfall of {{convert|112.2|in|cm|0}}.[6] Summers are dry with warm daytime temperatures (can exceed {{convert|90|°F|1}} on 5.6 days) and cold nighttime temperatures that often reach below {{convert|32|°F|1}}.[6] The average high in the warmest month, July is {{convert|81.2|°F|1}} and the average low is {{convert|41.2|°F|1}} with a mean precipitation of only {{convert|0.35|in|sigfig=3}}. The record low is {{convert|-31|°F|1}} on December 25, 1965 and the record high is {{convert|99|°F|1}} in July 2002 and August 1981.[6] {{Weather box |location = Donner Memorial State Park |single line = Y |Jan record high F = 61 |Feb record high F = 65 |Mar record high F = 72 |Apr record high F = 79 |May record high F = 88 |Jun record high F = 95 |Jul record high F = 99 |Aug record high F = 99 |Sep record high F = 96 |Oct record high F = 90 |Nov record high F = 75 |Dec record high F = 67 |year record high F = 99 |Jan high F = 40.3 |Feb high F = 43.2 |Mar high F = 47.0 |Apr high F = 53.3 |May high F = 63.2 |Jun high F = 72.6 |Jul high F = 81.2 |Aug high F = 80.5 |Sep high F = 74.1 |Oct high F = 62.8 |Nov high F = 49.2 |Dec high F = 40.9 |year high F = 59.0 |Jan mean F= 27.2 |Feb mean F= 29.4 |Mar mean F= 33.6 |Apr mean F= 39.1 |May mean F= 47.3 |Jun mean F= 54.7 |Jul mean F= 61.2 |Aug mean F= 60.3 |Sep mean F= 54.3 |Oct mean F= 45.3 |Nov mean F= 35.6 |Dec mean F= 27.9 |year mean F= 43.0 |Jan low F = 14.2 |Feb low F = 15.7 |Mar low F = 20.2 |Apr low F = 25.0 |May low F = 31.4 |Jun low F = 36.9 |Jul low F = 41.2 |Aug low F = 40.1 |Sep low F = 34.6 |Oct low F = 27.8 |Nov low F = 22.1 |Dec low F = 15.2 |year low F = 27.0 |Jan record low F = -18 |Feb record low F = -28 |Mar record low F = -10 |Apr record low F = 0 |May record low F = 10 |Jun record low F = 21 |Jul record low F = 23 |Aug record low F = 20 |Sep record low F = 16 |Oct record low F = 4 |Nov record low F = -3 |Dec record low F = -31 |year record low F = -31 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 7.13 |Feb precipitation inch = 6.19 |Mar precipitation inch = 5.73 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.69 |May precipitation inch = 1.61 |Jun precipitation inch = 0.85 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.35 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.50 |Sep precipitation inch = 0.80 |Oct precipitation inch = 2.05 |Nov precipitation inch = 4.56 |Dec precipitation inch = 6.83 |year precipitation inch = 39.28 |Jan snow inch = 39.9 |Feb snow inch = 38.9 |Mar snow inch = 35.8 |Apr snow inch = 17.6 |May snow inch = 3.7 |Jun snow inch = 0.3 |Jul snow inch = 0 |Aug snow inch = 0 |Sep snow inch = 0.2 |Oct snow inch = 2.0 |Nov snow inch = 14.2 |Dec snow inch = 33.4 |year snow inch = 186.0 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |Jan precipitation days = 11 |Feb precipitation days = 10 |Mar precipitation days = 11 |Apr precipitation days = 8 |May precipitation days = 6 |Jun precipitation days = 3 |Jul precipitation days = 2 |Aug precipitation days = 2 |Sep precipitation days = 3 |Oct precipitation days = 5 |Nov precipitation days = 8 |Dec precipitation days = 10 |year precipitation days = 77 |source 1 = Western Regional Climate Center (normals and extremes 1893-present)[6] |date= December 2012 }} See also
References1. ^{{cite ohp|134|Pioneer Monument|2012-10-10}} {{commonscat|Donner Memorial State Park}}2. ^{{cite web | url = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=123&ResourceType=Site | title = Donner Camp | accessdate = 2008-06-17 | work = National Historic Landmark summary listing | publisher = National Park Service | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071114222818/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=123&ResourceType=Site | archivedate = 2007-11-14 | df = }} 3. ^{{NRISref|2007a}} 4. ^{{cite journal | title = California State Park System Statistical Report: Fiscal Year 2009/10 | url = http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/795/files/09-10%20statistical%20report%20final%20online.pdf | publisher = California State Parks | page = 32 | accessdate = 2011-12-12}} 5. ^{{cite web| work = New Light on the Donner Party| title = Brief Myths: Murphy cabin plaque| url = http://www.utahcrossroads.org/DonnerParty/Briefmyths.htm#Murphy%20cabin%20plaque| author = Johnson, Kristin| publisher = Utah Crossroads Chapter, Oregon-California Trails Association| quote = western, not northern, wall ... burial did not take place at the Murphy cabin| accessdate = 2007-12-09}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca6074 |title = General Climate Summary Tables - Donner Memorial St Pk, California |publisher= Western Regional Climate Center |accessdate = December 6, 2012}} External links
14 : State parks of California|Parks in Nevada County, California|Donner Party|History museums in California|Museums in Nevada County, California|California Historical Landmarks|National Historic Landmarks in California|National Register of Historic Places in Nevada County, California|History of Nevada County, California|Protected areas established in 1928|1928 establishments in California|Campgrounds in California|Protected areas of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Temporary populated places on the National Register of Historic Places |
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