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词条 Winkte
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. References

{{lang|lkt|Winkte}} (also spelled {{lang|lkt|wíŋtke}}) is the contraction of an old Lakota word, {{lang|lkt|winyanktehca}}, meaning '[wants] to be like a woman'.[1] Historically, the {{lang|lkt|winkte}} have been considered a social category of male-bodied individuals who adopt the clothing, work, and mannerisms that Lakota culture usually considers feminine.[1] In contemporary Lakota culture, {{lang|lkt|winkte}} is usually used to refer to a homosexual man, whether or not that man is in other ways gender non-conforming. They may or may not consider themselves part of the more mainstream gay or transgender communities. Many modern {{lang|lkt|winkte}} participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community;[1] sometimes the direction to adopt this social and spiritual role comes in a series of dreams.[1]

While historical accounts of their status vary, most accounts treated the {{lang|lkt|winkte}} as regular members of the community, and not in any way marginalized for their status. Other accounts held the {{lang|lkt|winkte}} as sacred, occupying a liminal, third-gender role in the culture, and born to fulfill ceremonial roles that could not be filled by either men or women.[1] In contemporary Lakota communities, attitudes toward the {{lang|lkt|winkte}} vary.[1]

Etymology

Beatrice Medicine writes:

In my childhood, we were aware of this social category, which was referred to as winkte. Linguistic analysis of this Lakota word is:

win - "woman"

kte - "to be like"

kte - "to kill" (a deeper structural form)

"The common vernacular usage was winkte "wants to be like a woman."

We, as children, were instructed, "There are these individuals - in all cases males (wicasa). They are different. They are winkte. Don't make fun of them. They are also Lakota," said our parents and grandparents.[1]

References

1. ^{{cite web |last=Medicine |first=Beatrice |title=Directions in Gender Research in American Indian Societies: Two Spirits and Other Categories |work=Online Readings in Psychology and Culture |at=Unit 3, Chapter 2 |editor1-first=W. J. |editor1-last=Lonner |editor2-first=D. L. |editor2-last=Dinnel |editor3-first=S. A. |editor3-last=Hayes |editor4-first=D. N. |editor4-last=Sattler |publisher=Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University |date=2002 |url= http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/medicine.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20030330115133/http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/medicine.htm |archive-date=March 20, 2003 |access-date=July 7, 2015}}

4 : Lakota words and phrases|Two-spirit|Lakota culture|Gender systems

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