| 词条 | Battle of Contreras |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox military conflict |conflict=Battle of Contreras |image=Battle of Contreras 1847.jpg |image_size=300 |caption="The Battle of Contreras" by Carl Nebel. Oil on canvas, 1851. |partof=the Mexican–American War |date=19–20 August 1847 |place=Mexico City |result=American victory |combatant1={{flag|United States|1845}} |combatant2={{flag|Mexico|1823}} |commander1={{flagicon|United States|1845}} Winfield Scott |commander2={{flagicon|Mexico|1823}} Gabriel Valencia {{flagicon|Mexico|1823}} Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte[1] |strength1=10,738[2]{{rp|274}} |strength2=7,000[2]{{rp|291}} |casualties1=60 killed or wounded[2]{{rp|295}} |casualties2=~700 killed 1,224 wounded 843 captured[2]{{rp|295}} }}{{Mexico City Campaign}}{{Campaignbox Mexican-American War}} The Battle of Contreras, also known as the Battle of Padierna, took place on 19–20 August 1847, in the final encounters of the Mexican–American War. In the Battle of Churubusco, fighting continued the following day. BackgroundLeaving Puebla on 7 August for his march on Mexico City, the U.S. army under Major General Winfield Scott, reached Ayotla and Chalco on 11 August with the divisions of David E. Twiggs, William J. Worth, John A. Quitman, and Gideon Johnson Pillow.[3]{{rp|274}} Scott moved on the south side of Lake Chalco on 15 August, advancing to San Agustín.[3]{{rp|290}} Santa Anna had about 30,000 men defending the city, including 7,000 from Gabriel Valencia's Army of the North, which was located near Contreras by 17 August.[3]{{rp|291}} BattleIntending to flank San Antonio, Scott ordered Capt. Robert E. Lee to build a road across the Pedregal lava field so he could enfilade San Antonio to the north of San Agustin.[3]{{rp|292}} On the morning of 19 Aug., Lee's men met Mexican pickets, which Major William W. Loring's companies cleared at Padierna, only to come under fire from Valencia's 22 pieces of artillery west of the Pedregal and north of Contreras.[3]{{rp|292}} Pillow then brought in his artillery, under the command of Capt. John B. Magruder, Lt. Franklin D. Callender, and Lt. Jesse L. Reno.[3]{{rp|292}} When told of the American movement across the Pedregal, Valencia exclaimed, "No! No! You're dreaming, man."[3]{{rp|292}} In the meantime Col. Truman B. Ransom's 9th Infantry and Lt. Col. Milledge L. Bonham's 12th moved forward on the American right to within 200 yards of Valencia's camp by nightfall.[3]{{rp|292}} Pillow also sent General Bennet Riley's brigade, supported by General George Cadwalader, to seize San Jerónimo just north of Valencia's camp, while Persifor Smith's brigade, supported by General Franklin Pierce, struck Valencia from the front.[3]{{rp|293}} Scott sent General James Shields brigade to Pillow who sent it after Cadwalader.[3]{{rp|293}} Santa Anna moved with Brigadier General Francisco Pérez's 3,000 man brigade to San Ángel, just north of the fighting.[3]{{rp|293}} Night brought a cold rain and the end of fighting for the day.[3]{{rp|294}} During the night, Lt. Zealous Bates Tower discovered a ravine running southwest from San Jerónimo to the rear of Valencia's camp, which Smith planned to use for a dawn attack the next morning.[3]{{rp|294}} Lee volunteered to cross the Pedregal during the night so Scott could coordinate a diversion using Twiggs.[3]{{rp|294}} Twiggs did so at 5 AM, just as Smith struck Valencia from the rear.[3]{{rp|295}} Within seventeen minutes, Valencia and his force fled to San Ángel.[3]{{rp|295}} AftermathWith the rout of Valencia, Santa Anna ordered Major General Nicolás Bravo at San Antonio and Brigadier General Antonio Gaona at Mexicalzingo both to fall back to Churubusco, where soon the Battle of Churubusco would commence.[3]{{rp|296}} The U.S. forces captured 22 pieces of artillery and four generals.[3]{{rp|295}} Scott commended Lee, who made three night crossings across the Pedregal, stating it was "the greatest feat of physical and moral courage performed by any individual" during the campaign,[3]{{rp|294}} and awarded Lee with a brevet rank of lieutenant colonel.[4] The battle culminated at the outskirts of Mexico City, at Padierna, among the neighborhoods of San Ángel, Contreras, and Tlalpan. (This area today is in the area between San Jerónimo, the neighborhood Héroes of Padierna, Anzaldo Dam in the periphery, and the part of Mexico City that today is ironically called "Placid Gardens".) Partial Mexican Order of BattleDivision of the North – General of division Valencia
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.casaimperial.org/principe_es.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510044510/http://www.casaimperial.org/principe_es.htm |archivedate=10 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^1 Smith, J.H., 1919, The War with Mexico, New York: Macmillan 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Bauer, K.J., 1974, The Mexican War, 1846–1848, New York: Macmillan, {{ISBN|0803261071}} 4. ^Davis, Jefferson. Edited by Colonel Harold B. Simpson. Robert E. Lee The Hill Junior College Press. Hillsboro, Texas. 1960. Further reading
External links
6 : 1847 in Mexico|Battles of the Mexican–American War|History of Mexico City|Mexico City Campaign|19th century in Mexico City|August 1847 events |
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