| 词条 | Draft:Dr WF Nkomo |
| 释义 |
{{Infobox person | name = WF Nkomo | honorific_suffix = BSc BA MBBCh | birth_name = William Frederick Nkomo | birth_date = 1915 | birth_place = Makapanstad, Transvaal, Union of South Africa | death_date = 26 March 1972 | death_place = Pretoria, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa | education = Healdtown Institute, University of Fort Hare, University of South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand | occupation = Medical doctor, teacher, political activist | party = African National Congress | movement = Black Conscious Movement, Moral Re-Armament Movement }} William Frederick Nkomo (1915-1972), better know as Dr WF Nkomo, was a South African medical doctor, community leader, political activist and teacher from Pretoria. He was the founding chairman of the African National Congress Youth League and was succeeded by Anton Lembede. While at the University of the Witwatersrand, Nkomo was one of the first black students to serve on the Students Representative Committee. Later he practiced as a teacher and medical doctor in various parts of Pretoria. He was later also deeply involved in the Moral Re-Armament Movement. Prior to his death in 1972, he was elected president of the South African Institute of Race Relations. He was also a steward of the Methodist Church and Trustee of the Bantu Welfare Trust. BiographyWilliam Frederick Nkomo was born in Makapanstad, Transvaal in 1915. He was the son of a Methodist Minister, Reverend Abraham Nkomo. Nkomo attended primary school in Mahikeng and Klerksdorp. He studied for his secondary education at St Peter's School in Rosettenville and obtained his matriculation at Healdtown Institute in the Eastern Cape. Nkomo studied at the South African Native College (University of Fort Hare) and obtained a BA degree from the University of South Africa. He studied medicine on a scholarship at the University of the Witwatersrand in 1941 and did his internship at McCords Hospital in Durban. He practiced in Lady Selborne and Atteridgeville in Pretoria. Political activismNkomo joined the African National Congress. In 1944, he helped found the ANC Youth League with Nelson Mandela, Anton Lembede, Ashley Peter Mda, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo. He relinquished his position as provisional chairman of the league to complete his medical studies. Later, due to his militance, he was summarily expelled by the party. In the 1960s he became associated with the Black Consciousness Movement. As documented in Frank Buchman's Legacy, the "Seeds of Change for Africa" the authors Peter Hannon and Suzan Burrell write that, "WF Nkomo had been labelled a communist and he in turn viewed whites as Fascists”. WF Nkomo's search for equality within South Africa developed to an even higher level of preventing a bloodbath within his country. WF Nkomo heard George Daneel, a Springbok who originated in the heartland of Afrikanerdom speak positively about change. Daneel spoke publicly "That it was the feelings of racial superiority in white men like himself that were creating the conditions for producing bloody revolution. He said that he had been wrong and that he was giving his life to work for a South Africa where all had a full and equal part." It was at this stage when Nkomo stated: "I have always been a revolutionary, and I have spent much of my life in the struggle for the liberation of my people. Here I see white men change, and black men change, and I myself have decided to change. I realise that I cannot love my people unless I am prepared to fight for them in a new dimension, free of bitterness and hate." In pursuance of the strategy of non-violence he became a member of the Moral Re-Armament movement after attending its conference in Caux, Switzerland in 1953. It was at this point when he made his famous statement "I was prepared to drive the white man to the sea and when I saw them change I also changed." To promote peace, he featured in two films (one on him, called [https://vimeo.com/132814886 A Man For All People]) and another with leaders like Kwame Nkrumah, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Jomo Kenyatta and Manase Moerane. Following the Sharpeville massacre in 1961, Nkomo was a mediator between the government and the victims. He was one of the leaders who discussed the political situation in South Africa with Dag Hammarskjöld who was Secretary General of the United Nations during his visit to this country in January of 1961. 14 August 1968, Nkomo was invited to speak at the University of Cape Town's Day of Affirmation of Academic and Human Freedom. His address, "The Courage to Think" followed in a series after that of Robert Kennedy's Ripple of Hope speech in June 1966. In his speech he said, "The idea of a common patriotism and nationalism was always recognised by all. It was only in recent times with the emergence of apartheid theoreticians that the country definitely deviated from the path of a common nationalism." On student activism"Some of the youth are courageous enough to look at everything with a crucially critical mind, and there are those who follow the path of least resistance, that of merely accepting things from their forebears without questioning. If it does not appear to be the case in our country it has at any rate manifested itself in other parts of the world.A quick look at the recent events affecting the students in Berkeley, U.S.A,; in Columbia, U.S.A.; at the Sorbonne, Paris; in Rome; in Prague; and elsewhere will clearly indicate that the youth as represented by the students have become impatient with systems where they are merely on the receiving end; they are beginning to question things in a dynamic and revolutionary miner. They are coming to a realisation that the youth and the students especially constitute an important social factor in the promotion of social change. "The revolt of youth must be accepted and what is needed is that instead of pooh-poohing it, the world should come to terms with it. After all, these very young people will be the leaders of tomorrow. History has shown clearly that reformers have nearly always been young men. The older folk have followed in the wake of their prophetic declarations and put these into the accepted traditions of the people". Community work and philanthropyNkomo mentored young people and adults and founded a secondary school in Marabastad. He granted scholarships to help students pursue medical degrees and other education. Nkomo's medical practice was known to not charge the old and poor. Nkomo was trustee of the Bantu Welfare Trust and served on several boards in Atteridgeville and Lady Selborne. He was Honorary Doctor for Itireleng School for the Blind near Hammanskraal. RecognitionThe community of Atteridgeville annually celebrates WF Nkomo Day in his honour. Today a secondary school in Atteridgeville is named after him as well as WF Nkomo Street, formerly Church Street, running from historic Church Square in Pretoria central to Atteridgeville (City of Tshwane). President Nelson Mandela speaking in 1998 at the installation of the University of the Witwatersrand's Vice-Chancellor and Principal, Professor Colin Bundy. Mandela is [https://heatherdugmore.co.za/a-man-of-destiny/ quoted] as saying the following: "This evening brings many memories from the past and many hopes for the future. I remember my own days as a student and I honour some of my fellows who studied, debated and agitated on this campus. Their names are legend: Joe Slovo, Ismael Meer, Harold Wolpe, J N Singh, William Nkomo and Ruth First. They count amongst those who set forth a message and an ethos in direct contrast to the fear, oppression and subservience which legislation of the time sought to impose and inculcate. They represent one of the proud strands in the tradition of Wits, a strand which the university will undoubtedly seek to build upon as it grapples with its role in the development of a new kind of South African society". DeathNkomo died in 1972, following cardiac arrest at HF Verwoerd Hospital, now Steve Biko Academic Hospital. He is buried alongside his wife at the Rebecca Street Cemetery in Pretoria. ReferencesAdvance Newspaper. Published 12 November 1953. "The Truth about Moral Re-Armament", page 4. Wits Historical Papers, Cullen Library, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Available at http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/CULL0001/CULL0001-2-43-01-jpeg.pdf A Man for All People (film). Initiatives of Change International Archives. Available at https://vimeo.com/132814886 Lean, Garth (1985). The Life of Frank Buchman - A small town American who awakened the conscience of the world. Constable &Co. Ltd, Great Britain. Available at http://www.frankbuchman.info/getPhoto.php?Book=fbal&Style=BookDisplay&Photo=58; http://www.frankbuchman.info/getBookPage.php?Book=fbal&Page=459&Style=BookDisplay Lowman, M. (2017). Catalogue of the Archive of the Oxford Group 1902-2014. Bodleian Library, University of Oxford Available at http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/oxfordgroup/oxfordgroup.html The Speeches of Frank N.D. Buchman (1947). Blandford Press, London. Available at https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.261195/2015.261195.Remarking-The_djvu.txt McKay, C.E.A (2015). A history of the National Union of South African Students (NUSAS), 1956-1970. DLitt et Phil, History, University of South Africa, August 2015. Available at http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/20088/thesis_mckay_cea.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Dugmore, H (2013). A Man of Destiny. Blog. Available at https://heatherdugmore.co.za/a-man-of-destiny/ Initiatives of Change International. Available at https://www.iofc.org William Frederick Nkomo (2011). South African History Online. Available at https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/william-frederick-nkomo-0 Nkomo, W.F. (1968). The Courage to Think. Address delivered by Dr W.F.Nkomo on the UCT Day of Affirmation of Academic and Human Freedom. 14 August 1968. Available at the National Library of South Africa |
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