“Draft:Mae C. Jemison”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Mae Carol Jemison is a former NASA astronaut, doctor, and engineer. Jemison was the first African American woman to go into space. ^[1] She was aboard the Endeavour when it took flight on September 12, 1992. ^[2] From January 1983 through June 1985, Dr. Jemison was the Area Peace Corps Medical Officer for Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa. Soon after, she was chosen for the astronaut corps by NASA. ^[1] She resigned from NASA in 1993 and began pursuing other topics of research. Jemison has much experience in helping to provide more efficient medicine and methods in other countries, some include: Kenya, Thailand, and Cuba.^[2]

Early Life

Mae C. Jemsion was born on October 17, 1956 in Decatur, Alabama. ^[1]Her current age is 62. Mae Jemison is the daughter of Dorothy Green and Charlie Jemison. ^[3] Jemison and her family resided in Chicago, Illinois for the majority of her life and she claims this as her hometown. ^[1] Mae Jemison is the youngest of her siblings. He mother was a school teacher and her father was the supervisor of a charity organization. ^[2]

At a young age, Jemison showed instant signs to interest in science and evaluated the nature around her. She was constantly outdoors and was a very curious explorer. One time when she was young, she had her thumb splintered and created pus and her mother made her do research on it . Because of it, she has an overwhelming interesting in this topic. ^[2] "Mae Carol, in kindergarten, said, "I want to be a scientist." And my kindergarten teacher looked at me and she said, "Don't you mean a nurse?" Now clearly, there is no issue with being nurse. But the issue back then was, is that's the only thing she could see a little girl growing up to do, that had something to do with sciences. So she was trying to help guide me and counsel me, and... as to what was possible. But I really just put my hands on my hips, and I said, "No, I mean a scientist.""^[4] Starting at a young age, Jamison faced many people who doubted what she was capable of doing.

Education

In 1973, Jemison graduated from Morgan Park High School in Chicago. She was awarded the National Achievement Scholarship and attended Stanford University starting at age 16.^[5] Then, she received a bachelor of science degree in Chemical engineering from Stanford University in 1977, with the intent to do Biomedical engineering^[4] There was one problem though, there was no set program of study in this field. Then, she went on to attain a doctorate degree in medicine from Cornell University in 1981. ^[1] While she was enrolled at Cornell Medical College, she decided to broaden her knowledge and took dance class through Alvin Ailey school. Later after gaining this experience, she opened up her own dance studio and taught modern jazz and African dance.^[3]Throughout Jemison's years of schooling, she always had very high grades.

Career

Jemison had an avid background in Engineering and medical research through internships and hands on practical work. From January 1983 through June 1985, Dr. Jemison was the Area Peace Corps Medical Officer for Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa. She found the Peace Corps to be the hardest career path she followed, even though she gained so much knowledge and understanding of the health circumstances in these struggling countries.^[4] Lives were in her hands daily, thus the pressure was very heavy. In 1983, she applied for the space program, but the first time she was rejected. However, in 1987, soon after her time at the Peace Corps, she got a call.^[3] She was chosen for the astronaut program by NASA and could not pass it up. Jemison was aboard the STS-47 and this was a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan.^[1]Jemison appeared on a Star Trek: The Next Generation episode after she had when into space. She was always fond of the character, Uhura, and the show in general.^[6] When LeVar Burton found out, he contacted her immediately and wanted her to star on the show. She appeared in the episode, "The Second Chances." ^[7] This is not her only appearance on television though. She appeared in Mars (2016), No Gravity (2011), and One Strange Rock (2018). ^[8]

Achievements/Awards

Mae Carol Jemison's biggest accomplishment was being the first African American woman to go into space; but not only that, she was also the very first to even be admitted to the astronaut training program. This was unheard of until 1987. ^[9] While working through the program, she received her science mission specialist title. She was granted the 1988 Essence Science and Technology Award and the 1992 Ebony Black Achievement Award.^[9] In 1992, Mae C. Jemison Academy in Detriot was named after her. ^[5] In 2012, Jemison won the $500,000 grant for the 100 Year Starship project, supported by DARPA and NASA. The foundation that she was representing was the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence, which helps children to achieve intellectual goals and be profit to society. ^[10]^[11] This money allows them to help kickstart the program.

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{Cite web|url=https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/jemison-mc.html|title=Astronaut Bio:Mae C. Jemison|last=|first=|date=|website=www.jsc.nasa.gov|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-05}}
2. ^¹²³{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/mae-c-jemison-9542378|title=Mae C. Jemison|last=|first=|date=|website=Biography|language=en-us|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-05}}
3. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=https://www.famousscientists.org/mae-carol-jemison/|title=Mae Carol Jemison|last=|first=|date=|website=|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-05}}
4. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_168.html|title=Dr. Mae C. Jemison|last=|first=|date=December 5, 2018|website=Changing the Face of Medicine|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
5. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.passiton.com/inspirational-sayings-billboards/71-pioneering|title=Pioneering featuring Mae C. Jemison, M.D.|website=passiton.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-06}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13705510/clarionledger/|title=Clipped From Clarion-Ledger|work=Clarion-Ledger|access-date=2018-12-06}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/messages/467/2026453.html|title=Peace Corps Online: January 5, 2005: Headlines: COS - Sierra Leone: Space: Television: Vrrrrm: Mae Jemison had cameo in Star Trek: The Next Generation|website=peacecorpsonline.org|access-date=2018-12-06}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0420648/|title=Mae C. Jemison|website=IMDb|access-date=2018-12-06}}
9. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://healthresearchfunding.org/8-major-accomplishments-of-mae-jemison/|title=8 Major Accomplishments of Mae Jemison|date=2016-04-28|website=HRF|language=en|access-date=2018-12-06}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://jemisonfoundation.org/about/|title=The Dorothy Jemison Foundation – Dorothy Jemison|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-06}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-16427876|title=Astronaut to lead starship effort|last=Weinberger|first=Sharon|date=2012-01-05|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-12-06|language=en-GB}}