“Zooropa”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Zooropa is the eighth studio album by Irish rock band U2. Produced by Flood, Brian Eno, and The Edge, it was released on 5 July 1993 on Island Records. Inspired by the band's experiences on the Zoo TV Tour, Zooropa expanded on many of the tour's themes of technology and media oversaturation. The record was a continuation of the group's experimentation with alternative rock, electronic dance music, and electronic sound effects that began with their previous album, Achtung Baby, in 1991.

U2 began writing and recording Zooropa in Dublin in February 1993, during a six-month break between legs of the Zoo TV Tour. The record was originally intended as an EP to promote the "Zooropa" leg of the tour that was to begin in May 1993, but during the sessions, the group decided to extend the record to a full-length album.^[1] Pressed for time, U2 wrote and recorded at a rapid pace, with songs originating from many sources, including leftover material from the Achtung Baby sessions. The album was not completed in time for the tour's resumption, forcing the band to travel between Dublin and their tour destinations in May to complete mixing and recording.

Zooropa received generally favourable reviews from critics. Despite none of its three singles—"Numb", "Lemon", and "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)"—being hits consistently across regions, the record sold well upon release and peaked at number one in multiple countries. The album's charting duration and lifetime sales of 7 million copies, however, were less than those of Achtung Baby. In 1994, Zooropa won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. Although the record was a success and music journalists view it as one of the group's most creative works, the band regard it with mixed feelings.

Background

U2 regained critical favour with their commercially successful 1991 album Achtung Baby and the supporting Zoo TV Tour in 1992. The record was a musical reinvention for the group, incorporating influences from alternative rock, industrial music, and electronic dance music into their sound. The tour was an elaborately staged multimedia event that satirised television and the viewing public's over-stimulation by attempting to instill "sensory overload" in its audience.^[2]^[3] The band finished 1992 with one of their most successful years, selling 2.9 million concert tickets and reaching 10 million copies sold for Achtung Baby.^[4] Their 73 North American concerts from the year grossed US$67 million, easily the highest amount for any touring artist in 1992.^[5]

The group concluded the North American "Outside Broadcast" leg of the tour on 25 November 1992,^[6] leaving them with a six-month break before the tour resumed in Europe in May 1993 with the "Zooropa" leg.^[7] Rather than use the time to rest, lead vocalist Bono and guitarist The Edge were keen to record new material. Following a hectic year of touring, the two did not want to settle back into domestic life. Bono said, "We thought we could live a normal life and then go back on the road [in May 1993]. But it turns out that your whole way of thinking, your whole body has been geared toward the madness of Zoo TV... So we decided to put the madness on a record. Everybody's head was spinning, so we thought, why not keep that momentum going...?"^[8] The Edge also wished to distract himself from the emotions he was feeling after separating from his wife during the Achtung Baby sessions in 1991. The other members, bassist Adam Clayton and drummer Larry Mullen, Jr., ultimately agreed to join them for recording.^[9]

Recording and production

After handling audio engineering for the recording of Achtung Baby, Robbie Adams was invited by U2 to manage sound mixing on the Zoo TV Tour. Adams also recorded the group's tour soundchecks. In January 1993, the band asked him to compile these recordings and create loops of interesting parts that they could play to in the studio. After Adams spent a few weeks assembling loops, the group entered The Factory in Dublin that February to begin composing rough demos.^[10]^[11] Bono and The Edge were most involved during this initial demoing process, which lasted six weeks.^[10]

The group employed Brian Eno and his assisting partner Mark "Flood" Ellis—both of whom worked on Achtung Baby—to produce the sessions;^[7] long-time Eno collaborator Daniel Lanois was busy promoting his solo album and was unavailable.^[12] Similar to the Achtung Baby sessions, Eno worked two-week shifts. The group often gave him in-progress songs to adjust and to which he could add his own personality.^[13] Initially, the band did not have a clear plan for how they would release the material being written.^[9] At the time, Clayton said, "I don't know if what we're doing here is the next U2 album or a bunch of rough sketches that in two years will turn into the demos for the next U2 album."^[9] The Edge was a proponent of making an EP of new material to promote the upcoming leg of the tour,^[1] describing his mentality as thus: "We've got a bit of time off. We've got some ideas hanging around from the last record, let's do an EP, maybe four new songs to spice the next phase of the tour up a bit. It'll be a fan thing. It'll be cool."^[7]

Soon after the sessions commenced, Bono pushed for the band to work towards a full-length album.^[7] The Edge was initially hesitant, but saw the opportunity as a challenge to quickly record an album before returning to tour and prove the band had not become spoiled by the luxury of ample recording time.^[7] Additionally, Bono and band manager Paul McGuinness had discussed the possibility of releasing a "one-two punch" of records since the beginning of the Achtung Baby sessions.^[7] In early March, U2 reached a consensus to work towards a full-length album.^[14] Much like they had for the Achtung Baby sessions, the band split work between two studios at once; Adams operated a Soundtracs mixing console at The Factory, while Flood used an SSL console at the newly relocated Windmill Lane Studios.^[10]

Due to the time limit, U2 were forced to write and record songs at a more rapid pace.^[7] They continued their long-time practice of jamming in the studio. Eno and Flood edited together song sections they liked and then discussed the arrangements with the group. U2 suggested alterations and added lyrics and melodies, before performing to the edited arrangements. Eno used an eraseable whiteboard to give instructions and cues to the band while they jammed; he pointed at chords and various commands, such as "hold", "stop", "change", and "change back", to direct their performances.^[15] To record all of the band's material and test different arrangements, the engineers utilised a technique they called "fatting", which allowed them to achieve more than 48 tracks of audio by using a 24-track analogue recording, a DAT machine, and a synchroniser.^[10] The production crew faced issues with audio spill at The Factory, as all group members recorded in the same room as the mixing desk and Bono frequently sang in-progress lyrics that would need to be replaced. Gobos and wood booths were built to separate the performers' sounds as much as possible.^[10]

Songs originated from and were inspired by a variety of sources. "Zooropa" was the result of combining two separate pieces of music together, one of which the band discovered while reviewing recordings of tour soundchecks.^[7] The verse melody to "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)" and an instrumental backing track that became "Numb" were originally from the Achtung Baby sessions.^[7] "Babyface", "Dirty Day", "Lemon", and "The Wanderer" were written during the Zooropa sessions.^[7]^[33] Country singer Johnny Cash recorded vocals for "The Wanderer" during a visit to Dublin, and although Bono recorded his own vocals for the song, he preferred Cash's version. The production crew and the band debated which version to include on the record.^[17] Throughout the sessions, U2 were undecided on a unifying musical style for the release, and as a result, they maintained three potential track listings—one for the best songs, one for "vibes", and one for a soundtrack album. Bono suggested editing the best segments of songs together to create a montage.^[18]

As May's "Zooropa" tour leg approached, U2 continued to record while simultaneously rehearsing for the tour. Their time limit prevented them from working on live arrangements for any of the new songs.^[19] Despite the sessions' rapid pace, the album was not completed by the time they had to resume touring. Moreover, Flood and Eno had to begin work on other projects. The Edge remembers everyone was telling the group, "Well, it's an EP. You did good but there's a lot more work needed to finish some of these songs."^[7] However, the band did not want to shelve the project, as they believed they were on a "creative roll" and that they would be in a completely different frame of mind if they revisited the material six months later.^[10]

The group's solution was to fly back and forth between Dublin and their concert destinations for about ten days to finish recording and mixing at night and during their off-days.^[7]^[20] Clayton called the process "about the craziest thing you could do to yourself", while Mullen said of it, "It was mad, but it was mad good, as opposed to mad bad."^[7] McGuinness later said the band had nearly wrecked themselves in the process.^[21] The group simultaneously used three separate rooms at Windmill Lane to mix, overdub, and edit. Adams said the hectic approach meant "there was never anybody sitting around waiting or doing nothing".^[10] Flood called the period one of "absolute lunacy".^[22] Eschewing console automation, the engineers adopted a "live performance" attitude to mixing, based on past experiences with Lanois. The band and production crew sat in on the mixing and offered encouragement, creating, as Adams put it, "a kind of cheerleader thing. It all induces a nervous energy in you and creates a lot of pressure, and gives the whole thing a performance feel."^[10] Recording concluded on 14 May 1993.^[46]

In the final weeks, the band decided to exclude the traditional rock songs and guitar-driven tracks they had written in favour of an "album of disjointed, experimental pop". The Edge received a production credit—his first on a U2 record^[23]—for the extra level of responsibility he assumed for the album.^[24] Twenty songs were recorded during the sessions, but ultimately 10 were chosen for the final track listing.^[46] One piece that was left off the record was "In Cold Blood",^[50] which featured somber lyrics written by Bono in response to the Bosnian War and was previewed prior to the album's release.^[25] Other tracks that were left off the album included "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me", "If God Will Send His Angels", "If You Wear That Velvet Dress", and "Wake Up Dead Man". The first was later released as a single from the Batman Forever soundtrack in 1995, and the latter three were included on the band's following studio album, Pop, in 1997.

Composition

Music

With an even more "European" musical aesthetic than Achtung Baby, Zooropa is a further departure from the group's "rootsy" sound of the late 1980s. Much like how the group embraced technology for the Zoo TV Tour, they utilized technology as a musical resource to a greater extent on Zooropa. The record exhibits additional influences from alternative rock, electronic dance music, and industrial music—it is more synthesised than U2's past work, featuring various sound effects, audio loops, and use of synthesisers.^[52]^[53] In addition to The Edge playing synthesiser, Brian Eno received credit for the instrument on six tracks.^[26]

The Edge's guitar playing on Zooropa marks a further shift away from his trademark style, highlighted by a heavier reliance on guitar effects^[53] and the songs' reduced emphasis on his guitar parts.^[56] The danceable "Lemon", called a "space-age German disco" by Stephen Thomas Erlewine,^[57] features a gated guitar part.^[58] The distorted "Daddy's Gonna Pay For Your Crashed Car" was described by Bono as "industrial blues".^[27] The instrumentation of the closing song, "The Wanderer", consists primarily of a synthesised bassline and was described by the group as resembling the "ultimate Holiday Inn band from hell". The song was sequenced as the final track because U2 wanted to end the album on a "musical joke".^[60]

Similar to how the Zoo TV Tour display screens sampled video footage from television programming, a number of songs from Zooropa sample audio. The introduction to the title track, "Zooropa", contains a noisy collage of indecipherable human voices from radio signals—credited to the "advertising world"^[26]—played over sustained synthesiser chords.^[28] The industrial-influenced "Numb" features a noisy backdrop of sampled, rhythmic noises, including "arcade sounds", a Walkman rewinding, and a Hitler Youth boy banging a bass drum in the 1935 propaganda film Triumph of the Will.^[27] "Daddy's Gonna Pay For Your Crashed Car" begins with a snippet of fanfare from Lenin's Favourite Songs and samples MC 900 Ft. Jesus' song "The City Sleeps".^[26]^[29]

The vocals on Zooropa are a further departure from U2's previous style. As Jon Pareles described, Bono "underplays his lung power" throughout the record, in contrast to his impassioned, belting vocals from past work.^[52] Additionally, in songs such as "Lemon" and "Numb", Bono sings in an operatic falsetto he calls the "Fat Lady" voice.^[58]^[30] Two tracks feature other people on lead vocals: for "Numb", The Edge provides lead vocals in the form of a droning, monotonous list of "don't" commands;^[1] for "The Wanderer", country musician Johnny Cash sings lead vocals, juxtaposing the electronic nature of the song with his haggard voice.^[31]

Lyrics

Bono is credited as the sole lyricist for eight of the ten songs, while The Edge received sole credit for "Numb". The duo share credits for the lyrics to "Dirty Day". Technology is a common theme on Zooropa, inspired by the group's experiences on the Zoo TV Tour. Jon Pareles wrote that the songs are about how "media messages infect characters' souls",^[52] while music journalist David Browne said the songs are concerned with "emotional fracturing in the techno-tronic age".^[53] Critic Robert Hilburn interpreted the album as U2 probing into what they saw as the "disillusionment of the modern age".^[73]

"Zooropa" is set amongst neon signs of a brightly lit futuristic city.^[32] In the song's introduction, background voices ask, "What do you want?"^[1] In response to the question, the lyrics in the first three verses consist of various advertising slogans,^[33]^[32] including, "Better by design", "Be all that you can be", and "Vorsprung durch technik".^[26] Critic Parry Gettelman interpreted these lines as meaning to "signify the emptiness of modern, godless life".^[56] In the song's second half, the theme of moral confusion and uncertainty is introduced, particularly in the lines "I have no compass / And I have no map".^[34]^[53] "Babyface" is about a man practicing his obsessive love for a celebrity by manipulating her image on a TV recording.^[27] "Lemon", inspired by an old video of Bono's late mother in a lemon-coloured dress, describes man's attempts to preserve time through technology.^[58] This is reflected in lines such as, "A man makes a picture / A moving picture / Through the light projected he can see himself up close".^[26] The lyrics to "Numb" are a series of "don't" commands, amidst a noisy backdrop of sounds. The Edge notes that the song was inspired by one of the themes of Zoo TV, "that sense that you were getting bombarded with so much that you actually were finding yourself shutting down and unable to respond because there was so much imagery and information being thrown at you".^[35]

In contrast to the technology-inspired lyrics of many songs, others had more domestic themes. "The First Time" was Bono's interpretation of the story of the Prodigal son,^[36] but in his version, the son decides not to return home.^[34] Similarly, "Dirty Day" was written about a character who abandons his family and returns years later to meet his son. Many of the track's lyrics are taken from phrases that Bono's father commonly used, such as "No blood is thicker than ink" and "It won't last kissing time".^[34]^[37] "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)" is a love song written for an abused woman.^[33] Bono based his lyrics to "The Wanderer" on the Old Testament's Book of Ecclesiastes, and he modeled the song's character after the book's narrator, "The Preacher".^[34] In the song, the narrator wanders through a post-apocalyptic world "in search of experience", sampling all facets of human culture and hoping to find meaning in life.^[38]^[39] Bono described the song as an "antidote to the Zooropa manifesto of uncertainty", and he believes it presents a possible solution to the uncertainty expressed earlier on the album.^[34]

Packaging and title

The sleeve was designed by Works Associates of Dublin under the direction of Steve Averill,^[26] who had created the majority of U2's album covers. Brian Williams was the graphic designer and created the digital images and layout. Inspired by the Zoo TV Tour's "highly charged electronic TV images in all of their saturated colours and fizz", Works Associates conceived a "kind of electronic flag" for Zooropa.^[40] The cover features a sketch of the circle of stars from the Flag of Europe with an "astrobaby" drawing in the center.^[41]^[42] The illustration, created by Shaughn McGrath,^[26] was an alteration of the "graffiti babyface" by Charlie Whisker that was originally on the face of the Achtung Baby compact disc/vinyl record.^[41] The cover's drawing was meant to represent an urban legend of a Soviet cosmonaut supposedly left floating in orbit for weeks after the collapse of the Soviet Union.^[43] In the background is a montage of blurred images, similar to the arrangement of images on Achtung Baby{{'}}s sleeve.^[40]^[44] The images include shots of a woman's face and mouth, as well as photographs of European leaders, including Vladimir Lenin, Benito Mussolini, and Nicolae Ceauşescu.^[44] These images are obscured by distorted purple text comprising the names of songs planned for the record that were provided to Works Associates during the sleeve design process.^[40] However, the album's track listing was eventually changed and the titles of several songs withheld from the album were accidentally left in the cover image; the songs include "Wake Up Dead Man", "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me", and "If You Wear That Velvet Dress".^[40] Author Višnja Cogan described this text as giving the impression of a "torn veil".^[44]

Release

U2's delivery of Zooropa in late May caught PolyGram somewhat off-guard,^[50] because they were not expecting a new album by the group for several years.^[35] With Achtung Baby, PolyGram had approximately six months to market the record and plan its release strategy, but the sudden completion of Zooropa necessitated a more hurried promotional plan. PolyGram president/CEO Rick Dobbis explained: "For the last one, we prepared for six months. It was like a marathon. But this is like a sprint, and that is the spirit it was made in. The band was so excited about it, they sprinted to complete the album before the ... tour. We want to bring it to the street with that same spirit." Island/PolyGram's and U2's marketing for Zooropa was intended to focus less on singles and more on the record as a whole,^[50] and ultimately, only three singles were released, compared to Achtung Baby{{'}}s five singles. The first single "Numb" was released in June 1993 exclusively on VHS as a "video single".^[48]^[51] The music video was directed by Kevin Godley.^[52] The song peaked at number seven in Australia and number nine in Canada,^[121]^[122] while reaching number two on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.^[123] However, it failed to chart on the singles charts in the UK or US.^[124]^[53]

Two additional commercial singles were released from the album. "Lemon" received a limited commercial release in North America, Australia, and Japan in September 1993.^[61]^[62] The single peaked at number six in Australia^[121] and number three on the Modern Rock Tracks chart.^[123] The final commercial single was "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)", released worldwide on 22 November 1993.^[63]^[64] It was the album's most successful single, topping the Irish Singles Chart^[152] and peaking at number five in Australia,^[121] number six in New Zealand,^[132] number four in the UK,^[155] and number 61 in the US^[124]—making it the record's only single to chart on the UK Singles Chart and Hot 100. "Zooropa" was released as a promotional single in Mexico and the United States.^[65] By the end of 1993, Zooropa had sold 1.8 million copies in the US.^[66]

Reissues

In October 2011, Achtung Baby was reissued to commemorate its 20th anniversary; CD copies of Zooropa were included in the "Super Deluxe" and "Über Deluxe" editions of the release.^[67] Continuing a campaign by U2 to reissue all of their records on vinyl, Zooropa was re-released on two 180-gram vinyl records on 27 July 2018.^[68] Remastered under the Edge's direction, the reissue included two remixes to commemorate the album's 25th anniversary: "Lemon (The Perfecto Mix)" and "Numb (Gimme Some More Dignity Mix)".

Critical reception

David Browne of Entertainment Weekly gave Zooropa an "A", calling it "harried, spontaneous-sounding, and ultimately exhilarating album". Browne judged it to sound "messy" and "disconnected", but clarified "that sense of incoherence is the point" in the context of the record's technology themes. He concluded, "For an album that wasn't meant to be an album, it's quite an album."^[73] Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times gave the record a maximum score of four stars. In two separate articles, he said that it "captured the anxious, even paranoid tone of the Zoo TV Tour" so much so that "it stands as the first tour album that doesn't include any of the songs from the tour" and yet sounds like a "souvenir" of Zoo TV.^[23]^[74] In a positive review, Jim Sullivan of The Boston Globe called the album a "creative stretch", noting that the band experimented more yet retained their recognizable sound. He commented that the group's "yearning anthemic reach" and "obvious, slinky pop charm" were replaced with "darker corners, more disruptive interjections, more moodiness".^[75] Paul Du Noyer of Q gave Zooropa a score of four-out-of-five stars, finding a "freewheeling feel of going with the flow" throughout the album and calling it "rootless and loose, restless and unsettled". For Du Noyer, U2 sounded "monstrously tight as a performing unit and fluidly inventive as composers, so the results transcend the merely experimental".^[76]

A review from The New Zealand Herald was more critical, saying that the album started as an EP and "just got longer but not necessarily better". The publication called it "more perplexing than challenging" and commented that it "sounds like the biggest band in the world having one of the biggest, strangest mid-life crises".^[77] Jim DeRogatis of the Chicago Sun Times gave the record a three-and-a-half star review, calling it "inconsistent", but admitting "it's satisfying and surprising to hear a band of U2's status being so playful, experimental, and downright weird".^[78] Robert Christgau gave the album a B−, calling it "half an Eno album" in the same manner that David Bowie's Eno-produced albums Low and "Heroes" were, but saying, "The difference is that Bowie and Eno were fresher in 1977 than Bono and Eno are today."^[79] The Irish media were more critical in their reviews of the album; George Byrne of the Irish Independent said, "The songs sound like they were knocked up in double-quick time and with about as much thought put into the lyrics as goes into a DJ's timecheck". Byrne remarked that the record resembles "a lot of mickey-taking over a variety of drum patterns".^[80] In a retrospective, four-star review, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic stated that "most of the record is far more daring than its predecessor". For him, although there were moments that the album was "unfocused and meandering ... the best moments of Zooropa rank among U2's most inspired and rewarding music".^[81]

Zoo TV Tour

The band began the Zoo TV Tour in February 1992 in support of Achtung Baby. In contrast to the austere stage setups of previous U2 tours, Zoo TV was an elaborate multimedia event. It satirised television and the viewing public's over-stimulation by attempting to instill "sensory overload" in its audience.^[2]^[20] The stage featured large video screens that showed visual effects, random video clips from pop culture, and flashing text phrases. Live satellite link-ups, channel surfing, crank calls, and video confessionals were incorporated into the shows.^[85]

The Zooropa album was released in July 1993, halfway through the Zooropa leg of the tour. Of the 157 shows the band played during the Zoo TV Tour, approximately 30 of them were after the release of Zooropa. Many of the album's songs found permanent places in the shows' set lists. "Lemon" and "Daddy's Gonna Pay for Your Crashed Car" were performed with Bono in his MacPhisto persona, during encores of the Zoomerang Leg of the tour. "Dirty Day" was also played on this leg after the acoustic set. "Numb" was performed with The Edge playing guitar and on lead vocals, with Mullen performing backing vocals while drumming. "Zooropa" was played only three times and "Babyface" twice more^[86] at the same shows on the Zooropa leg, but they were cut out of the set list after the band were displeased with how they sounded live. "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)" was performed acoustically for the Zooropa and Zoomerang legs.

Legacy

After the release of the record, David Bowie praised the band, writing, "[U2] might be all shamrocks and deutsche marks to some, but I feel that they are one of the few rock bands even attempting to hint at a world which will continue past the next great wall—the year 2000."^[88] Although the record was a success, in the years following its release, the group have regarded it with mixed feelings and rarely play its material in live performances. Bono said, "I thought of Zooropa at the time as a work of genius. I really thought our pop discipline was matching our experimentation and this was our Sgt. Pepper. I was a little wrong about that. The truth is our pop disciplines were letting us down. We didn't create hits. We didn't quite deliver the songs. And what would Sgt. Pepper be without the pop songs?"^[89] The Edge said that he did not think the songs were "potent", further stating, "I never thought of Zooropa as anything more than an interlude... but a great one, as interludes go. By far our most interesting."^[34] Clayton said, "It's an odd record and a favourite of mine."^[35]

Neil McCormick wrote about Zooropa, "It feels like a minor work, and generally U2 don't do minor. But if you're not going to make the Big Statement, you're maybe going to come up with something that has the oxygen of pop music."^[2] In 1997, Spin wrote, "Zooropa took U2 as far from the monastic mysticism of The Joshua Tree as they could go. It freed U2 from itself."^[90] Edna Gundersen of USA Today said in 2002, "the alien territory of Achtung Baby and Zooropa cemented U2's relevance and enhanced its cachet as intrepid explorers".^[91] In 2011, Rolling Stone ranked the record at number 61 on its list of "100 Best Albums of the Nineties".^[92]

Track listing

Personnel

Charts

Certifications

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/u2/albums/album/119445/review/5942533/zooropa |title=Music Reviews: Zooropa |magazine=Rolling Stone |first=Anthony |last=DeCurtis |authorlink=Anthony DeCurtis |date=5 August 1993 |accessdate=3 August 2010 |issue=662 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503082534/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/u2/albums/album/119445/review/5942533/zooropa |archivedate=3 May 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
2. ^¹²{{cite magazine|title=Achtung Stations|magazine=Uncut|first=Stephen|last=Dalton|date=November 2004|issue=90|page=52}}
3. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://www.hotpress.com/archive/434728.html|title=Achtung Station!|magazine=Hot Press|first=Bill|last=Graham|date=18 June 1992|accessdate=22 April 2011|volume=16|issue=10}}
4. ^Flanagan (1996), p. 133
5. ^{{Cite news|title=U2, Dead Top '92 Concert Sales|first=Richard|last=Harrington|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=6 January 1993|page=C7}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.u2gigs.com/tour134.html|title=U2 ZOO TV 3rd leg: Outside Broadcast|publisher=U2Gigs.com|accessdate=29 July 2010}}
7. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²McCormick (2006), p. 247
8. ^{{cite magazine|title=Even Bigger Than the Real Thing|magazine=Spin|publisher=Spin Media LLC|first1=Martin|last1=Scholz|first2=Jean-Francois|last2=Bizot|first3=Bernard|last3= Zekri|date=August 1993|pages=60–62, 96|volume=9|issue=5}}
9. ^¹²Flanagan (1996), p. 183
10. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite magazine|url=http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/1994_articles/mar94/u2robbieadams.html|title=ROBBIE ADAMS: U2's Achtung Baby & Zooropa|magazine=Sound on Sound|first=Paul|last=Tingen|date=March 1994|accessdate=8 January 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705062004/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/1994_articles/mar94/u2robbieadams.html|archivedate=5 July 2015}}
11. ^McGee (2008), p. 158
12. ^Graham (2004), p. 51
13. ^{{Cite magazine|title=I Had Too Much To Dream Last Night|magazine=Q|first=Adrian|last=Deevoy|date=September 1993|issue=84}}
14. ^McGee (2008), p. 159
15. ^Flanagan (1996), pp. 183–190
16. ^{{Cite magazine|title=New 'Zooropa' Revue|magazine=Pulse!|first=Hugh|last=Fielder|date=October 1993}}
17. ^Flanagan (1996), pp. 223–224
18. ^Flanagan (1996), p. 195
19. ^Flanagan (1996), pp. 227–228
20. ^¹{{cite magazine|url=http://hotpress.com/archive/2627068.html|title=Closer to the Edge|first=Olaf|last=Tyaransen|authorlink=Olaf Tyaransen|magazine=Hot Press|date=4 December 2002|accessdate=26 April 2011|volume=26|issue=23}}
21. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://www.hotpress.com/archive/5318031.html|title=30 remarkable years: Why McGuinness has been good for U2|first=Olaf|last=Tyaransen|magazine=Hot Press|date=25 March 2009|accessdate=22 April 2011|volume=33|issue=5}}
22. ^Stokes (2005), p. 116
23. ^¹{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1993-09-12/entertainment/ca-34429_1_gold-lame-suits|title=It's A Global Thing With U2|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|first=Robert|last=Hilburn|authorlink=Robert Hilburn|date=12 September 1993|accessdate=6 May 2011|at=sec. Calendar, p. 3}}
24. ^Flanagan (1996), p. 230
25. ^Flanagan (1996), pp. 201–203
26. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite AV media notes|title=Zooropa|others=U2|date=1993|publisher=Island Records|id=314-518 047-2}}
27. ^¹²³⁴{{cite magazine|url=http://www.hotpress.com/archive/2613077.html|title=The Magical Mystery Tour|last=Jackson|first=Joe|date=2 June 1993|magazine=Hot Press|accessdate=6 May 2011|volume=17|issue=10}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/rock--albums-take-the-cash-and-run-andy-gill-on-the-latest-from-u2-is-it-their-most-adventurous-recording-yet-plus-a-single-sugarcube-1482149.html|title=ROCK / Albums: Take the Cash and run: Andy Gill on the latest from U2: is it their most adventurous recording yet? Plus a single Sugarcube |last=Gill|first=Andy|date=1 July 1993|work=The Independent|accessdate= 14 December 2009}}
29. ^Stokes (2005), p. 118
30. ^{{cite magazine|title=Bono vs. The Beast|magazine=Musician|first=Joe|last=Jackson|date=August 1993}}
31. ^¹Stokes (2005), p. 122
32. ^¹Stokes (2005), pp. 111–112
33. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/04/arts/recordings-view-a-raucous-u2-moves-farther-out-on-a-limb.html?pagewanted=all|title=A Raucous U2 Moves Farther Out on a Limb|last=Pareles|first=Jon|authorlink=Jon Pareles|date=4 July 1993|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=8 October 2009|at=sec. Arts and Leisure, p. 22}}
34. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷McCormick (2006), p. 249
35. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶McCormick (2006), p. 248
36. ^Stokes (2005), p. 120
37. ^Stokes (2005), p. 121
38. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20106004,00.html|title=Picks and Pans Review: Zooropa|magazine=People|first=Ron|last=Givens|date=9 August 1993|accessdate=17 September 2014|volume=40|issue=6|page=24}}
39. ^Stockman (2005), p. 115
40. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.ampvisual.com/blog/u2-x-5-hidden-things/ |title=U2 x 5 Hidden Things |publisher=Amp Visual |date=3 December 2012 |accessdate=17 September 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081109/http://www.ampvisual.com/blog/u2-x-5-hidden-things/ |archivedate=6 October 2014 |df= }}
41. ^¹de la Parra (2003), pp. 160–161
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ampvisual.com/blog/u2-x-5-logos/|title=U2 x 5 Logos|publisher=Amp Visual|date=7 March 2012|accessdate=17 September 2014}}
43. ^Flanagan (1996), p. 265
44. ^¹²Cogan (2008), p. 191
45. ^¹Flanagan (1996), pp. 232–233, 239
46. ^¹²{{Cite magazine|title=U2 Re-Inks With Island; 9th Album To Bow July 6|magazine=Billboard|first1=Paul|last1=Verna|first2=Thom|last2=Duffy|date=12 June 1993|volume=105|issue=24|pages=12, 76}}
47. ^{{Cite news|title=U2 Record Deal Rocks Industry|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|first=Chuck|last=Philips|date=4 June 1993|page=F1}}
48. ^¹McGee (2008), pp. 161–162
49. ^Flanagan (1996), pp. 235–237
50. ^¹{{Cite magazine|title=PLG Flies Into Action With U2 Promo Plan|magazine=Billboard|first=Craig|last=Rosen|date=19 June 1993|pages=1, 89|volume=105|issue=25}}
51. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.u2.com/discography/index/album/albumId/4061/tagName/singles|title=Numb Video Single|work=U2.com|publisher=Live Nation|accessdate=4 August 2010}}
52. ^Flanagan (1996), p. 254
53. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/U2/|title=Featured Artists: U2|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=20 February 2013}}
54. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/1993-07-24/billboard-200|title=Billboard 200: 24 July 1993 {{pipe}} Billboard Chart Archive|work=Billboard.com|publisher=Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group|accessdate=20 February 2013}} Note: Top-ten charting duration must be manually verified by navigating between weekly charts.
55. ^{{Cite web|url=http://swisscharts.com/album/U2/Zooropa-1650|title=U2 – Zooropa|work=swisscharts.com|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 August 2010}}
56. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.u2.com/discography/index/album/albumId/4010/tagName/albums|title=Zooropa|work=U2.com|publisher=Live Nation|accessdate=12 August 2010}}
57. ^{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/mar/12/business/fi-cotown-music12|title=U2 album's hard landing; 'No Line on the Horizon' debuts with sales far below the tally for the band's previous release|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|first=Todd|last=Martens|date=12 March 2009|accessdate=6 May 2011|page=B3}}
58. ^{{cite magazine|title=Ivors Spotlight Take That's Barlow|magazine=Billboard|first=Dominic|last=Pride|date=11 June 1994|volume=106|issue=24|page=38}}
59. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/u2/chart-history/billboard-200/song/177282|title=U2 Zooropa Chart History: Billboard 200|work=Billboard.com|publisher=Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group|accessdate=1 August 2018}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/u2/chart-history/billboard-200/song/177915|title=U2 Achtung Baby Chart History|work=Billboard.com|publisher=Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group|accessdate=1 August 2018}}
61. ^McGee (2008), p. 167
62. ^{{Cite web|url=http://u2wanderer.org/disco/sing033.html|title=Lemon Single|publisher=U2Wanderer.org|accessdate=7 September 2010}}
63. ^McGee (2008), p. 169
64. ^{{Cite web|url=http://u2wanderer.org/disco/sing034.html|title=Stay (Faraway So Close) Single|publisher=U2Wanderer.org|accessdate=7 September 2010}}
65. ^{{Cite web|url=http://u2wanderer.org/disco/pr118.html|title=Zooropa Promo|publisher=U2Wanderer.org|accessdate=7 September 2010}}
66. ^{{Cite magazine|title=Billboard Best-Selling Records of 1993 – Million-Selling Albums|magazine=Billboard|date=15 January 1994|volume=106|issue=3|page=73}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.stereogum.com/776221/deluxe-achtung-baby-details/news/|title=Deluxe Achtung Baby Details|work=Stereogum|first=Scott|last=Lapatine|date=4 August 2011|accessdate=1 August 2018}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.uncut.co.uk/news/u2-announce-2lp-vinyl-reissues-achtung-baby-zooropa-105847|title=U2 announce 2LP vinyl reissues of Achtung Baby and Zooropa|work=Uncut|first=Sam|last=Richards|date=15 June 2018|accessdate=1 August 2018}}
69. ^¹²{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/u2-2lp-vinyl-reissues-achtung-baby---zooropa---the-best-of-1980-1990-300666873.html|title=U2 2LP Vinyl Reissues Achtung Baby - Zooropa - The Best Of 1980-1990|publisher=Universal Music Enterprises|agency=PR Newswire|date=15 June 2018|accessdate=1 August 2018}}
70. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Zooropa|others=U2|year=2018|publisher=Island Records|type=Vinyl reissue liner notes|id=U292018}}
71. ^¹{{Cite magazine|title=Spins: U2 – Zooropa|magazine=Spin|first=Howard|last=Hampton|volume=9|issue=6|date=September 1993|page=116}}
72. ^¹²³{{cite news|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-07-23/entertainment/9307210718_1_u2-bono-zooropa|title=U2, Zooropa|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|first=Parry|last=Gettelman|date=23 July 1993|accessdate=15 October 2010|page=22}}
73. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,307144,00.html|title=Music Review: Zooropa|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|first=David|last=Browne|authorlink=David Browne (journalist)|date=9 July 1993|accessdate=29 July 2010|issue=178}}
74. ^¹²{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1993-07-04/entertainment/ca-9786_1_other-u2-albums|title=The Unpredictable Fire Burns On|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|first=Robert|last=Hilburn|authorlink=Robert Hilburn|date=4 July 1993|accessdate=12 August 2010|at=sec. Calendar, p. 56}}
75. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/music/packages/U2Fleetcenter/album_review_zooropa/|title=U2 again braves new worlds|work=The Boston Globe|first=Jim|last=Sullivan|date=4 July 1993|accessdate=10 December 2009|page=A3}}
76. ^¹{{Cite magazine|title=U2: Zooropa|magazine=Q|first=Paul|last=Du Noyer|authorlink=Paul Du Noyer|issue=83|date=August 1993|page=99}}
77. ^¹{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10411204|title=Album review: Zooropa|newspaper=The New Zealand Herald|first=Russell|last=Baillie|date=9 July 1993|accessdate=15 October 2010}}
78. ^¹{{cite news|title=U2 Hums Minus Rattle On 'Zooropa'|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|first=Jim|last=DeRogatis|authorlink=Jim DeRogatis|date=4 July 1993|page=11}}
79. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/cg/cgv194-94.php|title=Consumer Guide|work=The Village Voice|date=18 January 1994|accessdate=13 October 2009|first=Robert|last=Christgau|authorlink=Robert Christgau}}
80. ^McGee (2008), p. 163
81. ^¹²{{Cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r183482|pure_url=yes}}|title=Zooropa – U2|work=AllMusic|publisher=All Media Network|first=Stephen Thomas|last=Erlewine|authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|accessdate=10 December 2009}}
82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pjres93.php|title=The 1993 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll|publisher=robertchristgau.com|first=Robert|last=Christgau|authorlink=Robert Christgau|accessdate=11 March 2011}}
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=u2&title=&year=1993&genre=All|title=Past Winners Search|work=GRAMMY.com|publisher=The Recording Academy|accessdate=8 August 2011}}
84. ^Flanagan (1996), p. 498
85. ^{{cite magazine|title=Sixty-Nine Things You May Not Have Known About Life in the Zoo|magazine=Propaganda|publisher=U2 World Service|issue=17|date=Winter 1992–1993}}
86. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.u2gigs.com/Babyface-s162.html|title=U2 Babyface|publisher=U2Gigs.com|accessdate=3 August 2010}}
87. ^Bordowitz (2003), p. 289
88. ^Flanagan (1996), p. 321
89. ^McCormick (2006), pp. 249, 252
90. ^{{cite magazine|title=The Future Sound of U2|magazine=Spin|first=Ann|last=Powers|authorlink=Ann Powers|date=March 1997|volume=12|issue=12|page=47}}
91. ^{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2002-11-14-u2-best_x.htm|title=U2's Second 'Best' Evolves From Raucous '90s|newspaper=USA Today|first=Edna|last=Gundersen|authorlink=Edna Gundersen|date=15 November 2002|page=E05|accessdate=20 February 2013}}
92. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-nineties-20110427/u2-zooropa-20110513|title=100 Best Albums of the Nineties: U2, 'Zooropa'|work=Rolling Stone|date=27 April 2011|accessdate=20 February 2013}}
93. ^{{cite news|title=Zooropa|newspaper=Willamette Week|publisher=Richard Meeker|first=Tim|last=Casebeer|date=9 July 1993}}
94. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{Cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=U2&titel=Zooropa&cat=a|title=U2 – Zooropa|work=australian-charts.com|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=3 August 2010}}
95. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=U2&titel=Zooropa&cat=a|title=U2 – Zooropa|work=austriancharts.at|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 August 2010}}
96. ^¹{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.2185&type=2&interval=24&PHPSESSID=s8avl4qqqlcn0uk7dtnn8aj1u5|title=RPM100 Albums (CD's and Cassettes)|magazine=RPM|volume=58|issue=2|date=24 July 1993|accessdate=25 November 2009}}
97. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=U2&titel=Zooropa&cat=a|title=U2 – Zooropa|work=GfK Dutch Charts|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 August 2010}}
98. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/Albums_ChartRun.php |title=Tous les "Chart Runs" des Albums classés despuis 1985 |publisher=InfoDisc |accessdate=20 May 2010 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820092500/http://www.infodisc.fr/Albums_ChartRun.php |archivedate=20 August 2008 }} Note: U2 must be searched manually
99. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.de/charts.asp?cat=a&country=de&year=1993&date=19930719&x=43&y=12 |title=Top 100 Longplay - 19.07.1993 |work=charts.de |publisher=Media Control Charts |accessdate=29 July 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rhpiRnq9?url=http://www.charts.de/charts.asp?cat=a&country=de&year=1993&date=19930719&x=20&y=7 |archivedate=3 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
100. ^¹²³{{Cite web|url=http://charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=U2&titel=Zooropa&cat=a|title=U2 – Zooropa|work=charts.org.nz|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 August 2010}}
101. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=U2&titel=Zooropa&cat=a|title=U2 – Zooropa|work=swedishcharts.com|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=4 August 2010}}
102. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/3/1993-07-17/|title=1993 Top 40 Official UK Albums Archive – 17th July 1993|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=20 February 2013}}
103. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-50albums-1993.htm |title=ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 50 Albums 1993 |work=ARIA Charts |publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association |accessdate=19 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721010559/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-50albums-1993.htm |archivedate=21 July 2008 }}
104. ^{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/1993_album.asp|title=JAHRESHITPARADE 1993|work=austriancharts.at|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=13 September 2011|language=German}}
105. ^{{cite web|url=http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=1993 |title=Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1993 |work=hitparade.ch |publisher=Hung Medien |accessdate=16 September 2014 |language=German |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105111425/http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=1993 |archivedate=5 November 2013 }}
106. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement |title=Irish Singles Chart |work=The Irish Charts |publisher=Irish Recorded Music Association |accessdate=12 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hFf8iFDu?url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement |archivedate=3 June 2009 |df= }} Note: U2 must be searched manually.
107. ^¹{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.2207&type=1&interval=20&PHPSESSID=m89iq841abagb37ld9c0fdc1f3|title=RPM100 Hit Tracks – Top Singles|volume=58|issue=5|date=14 August 1993|magazine=RPM|accessdate=17 August 2010}}
{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.2305&type=1&interval=20&PHPSESSID=m89iq841abagb37ld9c0fdc1f3|title=RPM100 Hit Tracks – Top Singles|magazine=RPM|volume=58|issue=19|date=20 November 1993|accessdate=17 August 2010}}
{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.2382&type=1&interval=20&PHPSESSID=m89iq841abagb37ld9c0fdc1f3|title=RPM100 Hit Tracks – Top Singles|magazine=RPM|volume=59|issue=3|date=7 February 1994|accessdate=17 August 2010}}
108. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://everyhit.com/ |title=U2 singles |publisher=Everyhit.com |accessdate=29 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319091720/http://everyhit.com/ |archivedate=19 March 2008 }} Note: U2 must be searched manually.
109. ^¹²{{Cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=u2|chart=Alternative Songs}}|title=U2 –Chart history: Alternative Songs|work=Billboard.com|publisher=Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group|accessdate=20 February 2013}}
110. ^¹²{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=u2|chart=Hot 100}}|title=U2 – Chart history: Hot 100|work=Billboard.com|publisher=Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group|accessdate=20 February 2013}}
111. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20110706084844/http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP |archivedate= 6 July 2011 |title=Discos de oro y platino |accessdate=7 February 2019|publisher=Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas |language=Spanish |deadurl=yes |df= }}
112. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/2018/this-week-in-1993-(1)|title=This Week In… 1993|publisher=Aria Charts|date=17 July 2018|accessdate=11 March 2019}}
113. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=Zooropa&strTtArt=alle&strAwards=checkedcertification|title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank –Titel:Zooropa|publisher=Bundesverband Musikindustrie|accessdate=9 January 2013|language=German}}
114. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=61|title=Latest Gold / Platinum Albums|publisher=RadioScope New Zealand|accessdate=4 August 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724195913/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=61|archivedate=24 July 2011|deadurl=yes}}
115. ^{{cite book |last=Salaverrie |first=Fernando |date=September 2005 |url=http://www.mediafire.com/file/vqzno2c0fe48zam/Spanish+Certifications+for+1991-1995.pdf |title=Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 |language=Spanish |edition=1st |location=Madrid |publisher=Fundación Autor/SGAE |page=935 |isbn=84-8048-639-2 |accessdate=7 February 2019}}
116. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/ |title=U2 Zooropa: Certifikat |publisher=Sverigetopplistan |accessdate=11 January 2013 |language=Swedish |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226154145/http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/ |archivedate=26 December 2015 }} Note: Zooropa must be searched manually.